Work-family Conflict Research Research Articles

Pengaruh Work-Family Conflict dan Family-Work Conflict Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pada Pekerja Formal Perempuan Etnis Bali Di Kota Praya

This research was conducted to determine the factors that can influence job satisfaction. This research aims to empirically test the influence of Work-Family Conflict and Family-Work Conflict on job satisfaction. This Work-Family Conflict research uses primary and secondary data obtained through distributing questionnaires to respondents, who are ethnic Balinese female workers in the city of Praya. The population in this study were ethnic Balinese female workers who lived in the city of Praya. This research is quantitative research. The sample used was 79 people determined based on saturated sampling techniques. The sample range used in this research is ethnic Balinese female workers in the city of Praya with the criteria: female workers who are married, live with their husband, have been married for at least one year and have at least one child. The analysis technique used in this research is multiple linear regression. The research results show that Work-Family Conflict has a negative and insignificant effect on job satisfaction, and Family-Work Conflict has a negative and insignificant effect on job satisfaction.

Energy, attentional resources and work–family conflict over the meso‐term: Resource loss spirals revisited

AbstractResource‐based theories specify personal resources as a central cause and outcome of work–family conflict wherein low personal resource levels beget further resource losses, in part through increased work–family conflict. Yet, adaptation and trait theories suggest chronic factors drive stability in personal resources and work–family conflict, potentially making resource loss spirals unlikely for most workers. Despite being fundamental tenets of resource‐based theories of work–family conflict, the causal relationships among personal resources and work–family conflict over the meso‐term (i.e., several months) have been unclear in previous empirical research. We test theory by examining causal relationships over the meso‐term using a general cross‐lagged panel model (GCLM), which, unlike the cross‐lagged panel model used in prior research, accounts for chronic factors and tests the persistence of changes. We tested these effects by surveying school administrators (N = 1418) over four consecutive months. Despite finding some small reciprocal relationships, GCLM results provided no evidence for meso‐term loss spirals in which personal resource losses were followed by further losses, independent of or via work–family conflict. These findings challenge resource‐based theories of work–family conflict over the meso‐term and suggest the need to examine chronic factors and adaptation in work–family conflict research to understand meso‐term dynamics.

Toward a better understanding of the causal effects of role demands on work-family conflict: A genetic modeling approach.

Over the past several decades, there has been considerable interest in the theoretical causes of work-family conflict (WFC). Most studies have focused on situational determinants, often ignoring the role of personal factors such as disposition and heritable elements. We increase understanding of person versus situation influences on WFC through estimation of the relationship between role demands and WFC after controlling for genetic confounding, measured personality traits, family confounds, and other stable dispositions. Based on twin data from the National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS), we examine the role of genetic factors in explaining variation in WFC (both work interference with family [WIF] and family interference with work [FIW]). Results support WFC has an additive genetic component, accounting for 31% [95% CI 18%, 45%] and 16% [95% CI 2%, 30%] of the variance in WIF and FIW, respectively. In addition, we test two competing hypotheses with regard to the relationship between role demands and WFC. Results support the phenotypic causal relationship for WIF, consistent with the notion the relationship between work demands and WIF reflect situational processes. However, results support the genetic confounding hypothesis for FIW, indicating observed relationships between family demands and FIW are primarily due to genetic factors. Our results provide new insights into the nature of WFC relationships and underscore that ignoring the influence of heritability can bias estimates of role demand effects in WFC research. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Work-family conflict, wellbeing and strain: Sex differences and children at home.

The work and family interface elicits work-family conflict (WFC) leading to positive and negative outcomes. Sex is a central element in WFC, with a wealth of studies reporting either sex differences or similarities. The presence of children at home, however, is a rather understudied moderator. This study aimed to contrast whether two main components of WFC, work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW) associated differentially with wellbeing and strain depending on sex or children. There were data from 762 Spanish individuals (455 females) in dual-earner families. A structural equation model with four latent variables (WIF, FIW, wellbeing and strain) was contrasted across two moderators, sex and children. Males and females endured a similar association between WIF and FIW with wellbeing and strain compared with workers with children. Childless workers experienced lower associations between FIW with wellbeing and strain compared with workers with children. Children at home rather than sex alone elicit stronger links of WFC with wellbeing and strain. Examining the presence of children at home, including children ages, should be conducted regularly in WFC research.

Not up to the task: perceptions of women and men with work-family conflicts

ABSTRACT Conversations about work-family conflict are commonplace. However, most of the conversation is based on how individuals can best manage work and family demands. Little is known about how others perceive and react towards individuals who go through this experience. Building on theories of social evaluation and stereotype maintenance, we hypothesized that due to gender stereotypes, which prescribe the ideal woman as highly invested in family and the ideal man as highly invested in work, women who experience work interference with family (WIF) and men who experience family interference with work (FIW) would elicit negative reactions. Results of three experimental studies (N Study1 = 569; N Study2 = 299; N Study3 = 275) and a field study (N = 219) provided only limited evidence for this assumption. However, they consistently showed across all four studies that both men and women who experience FIW were systematically judged and treated less favourably compared to employees with WIF, by observers and their supervisors, on several work-related dimensions (agency, dominance, respect, promotability, work performance, reward allocations). However, they were judged to be the better parents. We discuss the implications of our findings for work-family conflict research.

The moderating effect of core self-evaluations between the relationships of work-family conflict and voluntary turnover, job promotions and physical health.

Despite strong evidence that individuals process stressor-strain relationships differently, little attention in work-family conflict research has been given to moderating effects of core self-evaluations (CSE). Integrating conservation of resources theory with work-family conflict and CSE research, we predicted that CSE has moderating effects between the relationships of work-to-family conflict (WFC) and voluntary turnover, job promotions, and physical health. We tested our predictions at two time points over a 14-month period with a sample of 731 working mothers in Japan. Results confirmed that CSE moderated the relationships between WFC and voluntary turnover, job promotions, and physical health, such that respondents with higher CSE had lower degrees of voluntary turnover, higher degrees of job promotions, and lower degrees of health problems. This study helps clarify the inconsistent effects of WFC on voluntary turnover in previous research, expands on the limited research examining WFC and job promotion, and provides consistent evidence that CSE act as a moderator between WFC and outcomes.

An Examination of Work Interference with Family Using Data from a Representative Sample of Workers Participating in the General Social Survey and NIOSH Quality of Worklife Module

Work-family conflict research has progressed over the past few decades, but it has often focused on workers in specific occupations or targeted populations. Few studies used population-based samples to explore factors associated with work interference with family (WIF), a directional domain of work-family conflict. This study used data from a population-based sample to examine relationships between work design characteristics and WIF among a representative sample of workers across the United States. Multiple logistic regression, using a weighted sample of 1,272 adult workers, identified increased odds of WIF were associated with full-time work, varied work shifts, work from home, and work overload. Analyses also identified the importance of supervisor support, which was a significant moderator in the association between workplace injury and WIF. Demographic factors were not generally significant, but the odds of WIF increased with additional children. Overall, these findings delineate the relationships between work organization characteristics and WIF.

The Moderating Effect of Core Self-Evaluations between the Relationships of Work-to-Family Conflict

While individual differences can play an important role in how work-family conflict is interpreted and acted upon, little attention in work-family conflict research has been given to moderating eff...

A Multilevel Review of Hospitality Industry Work–Family Conflict Research and a Strategy for Future Research

Work–family conflict has become a growing area of research in the hospitality field. Research has previously shown that employees who experience conflict between their work and family roles are likely to report negative individual and job-related outcomes. Given the serious outcomes associated with work–family conflict, it is essential for researchers and practitioners to better understand why and when it occurs, as well as to identify possible interventions that may lessen its impact on employees. This systematic review synthesizes and summarizes the extant literature as it relates to work–family conflict. The results from the review provide insight into the well-established antecedents and outcomes of work–family conflict, while also highlighting areas that may require additional attention. The review concludes with a discussion of future research directions that may be used to advance the study of work–family conflict research.

A theory of work-family conflict episode processing

To clarify how work and non-work role conflicts are processed and produce psychological change, we propose an integrative theory of work-family conflict (WFC) episode processing. We clarify ambiguities around the meaning of WFC, overcome questionable research assumptions, make testable counter-normative predictions, reconcile “levels” and “episodes” WFC conceptions, and explain how WFC can even have a net positive effect for the person. In the model, a trigger event causes a perceived WF role incompatibility and a negative change in core affect, prompting either a scripted response or controlled sensemaking. In the latter, cognitive appraisals and secondary affect ensue, causing a choice of a coping/resolution response. Responses are reinforced/punished, and possibly, consciously evaluated. Episodes end with the potential storage of outputs in long-term memory. State inputs to an episode condition processing and memory storage. Stored episode outputs can thereafter become inputs to future episodes and/or cause longer-term change in role performance, satisfaction, and well-being. After describing these processes, we suggest new directions for WFC research and practice.

The development and test of a framework examining the associations between gambling behavior, strain-based gambling interference with work and nonwork, cognitive disengagement, and role performance

ABSTRACTDespite considerable advances, existing work–family conflict research tends to ignore the possibility that some behaviors may transcend work and nonwork, potentially causing interference in both domains. One such experience is gambling, which involves staking something of material value (often money) on an event with an uncertain outcome in an attempt to win additional goods of material values. The current study builds on and extends recent research by examining gambling behavior as a potential source of strain-based interference with both work and nonwork within a sample of 259 working adults who gamble at least weekly. A framework is developed and tested that links gambling behavior to strain-based gambling interference with both work and nonwork, and then links gambling interference to reduced role performance in each respective domain. We also investigate whether reduced cognitive engagement in each domain serves as a partial explanatory mechanism for the deleterious effects of gambling interference. These links are tested controlling for the effects of overall strain-based work interference with family and family interference with work, in order to isolate the effects of gambling interference and provide a rigorous test of the study predictions. Strong support was found for the proposed framework.

Linking demands to work-family conflict through boundary strength

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose and test a model to examine how the active management of work-family boundary strength acts as behavioral mechanism through which role-based factors – role demands and role identity – influence the conflict experienced by individuals. Design/methodology/approach Three studies were conducted to examine the proposed model. Studies 1 and 2 used an experimental design to test the causal effects of role demands on the strength of work and family boundaries, whereas Study 3 surveyed 389 working professionals to test the interactional and mediating effects of the model variables on inter-role conflict. Findings Results suggest that increasing demands in one domain weaken the boundary strength around the cross-domain to make resource drain possible, which, in turn, increases the conflict experienced in that domain; moreover, results show that work identity reinforces the weakening of the boundary strength at home caused by increasing work demands. Research limitations/implications The study of boundary management decisions as an underlying mechanism through which individuals’ role-based factors affect work-family conflict (WFC) can offer new insights into how to manage increasing work-family responsibilities. Practical implications This study findings can help individuals to cope with role demands and organizations to promote a culture that supports work-family balance. Originality/value This paper advances WFC research by examining alternative mechanisms through which role demands influence WFC. Methodologically, the research improves on past studies by bringing together experimental and correlational designs.

The relationship of social support with well-being outcomes via work–family conflict: Moderating effects of gender, dependants and nationality

The impact of work–family conflict on well-being outcomes is well established, as is the role of social support in buffering perceptions of conflict. What is less well understood is how these relationships vary for different groups of respondents. Using a two-wave longitudinal design with a 12-month time lag and samples of employees (total N = 2183) from Australia, New Zealand, China and Hong Kong, the present research investigated whether the mediating relationships between social support, work–family conflict and well-being outcomes were moderated by gender, geographical region and the presence of dependants in the household. Supervisor support and family support were associated with lower work–family conflict, and hence reduced psychological strain and increased job and family satisfaction, for women and for employees in China and Hong Kong, but not for employees in Australia and New Zealand. However, the presence of dependants was not a significant moderator. Our findings illustrate the importance of exploring gender and national differences in work–family conflict research, particularly the investigation of cross-domain effects.

Focusing on Emotion and Work–Family Conflict Research

This agenda-setting article examines emotion and work–family conflict (WFC) through different paradigmatic lenses. To date, WFC and emotion research has been dominated by the functionalist perspective. This perspective has been quite informative; however, examining WFC and emotion through three alternative paradigms, namely, interpretivism, critical management theory, and postmodernism will serve to broaden and deepen our understanding of this important area of organizational and management scholarship. A paradigmatic analysis can offer a more comprehensive understanding of WFC and emotion because it utilizes an array of theoretical and methodological approaches. In addition, we advance the co-mingling of certain paradigms to offer a more comprehensive future research agenda for emotion and WFC scholarship.

Disentangling the Process of Work–Family Conflict

Abstract. The purpose of this conceptual article is to deliver a new framework model for research on work–family conflict (WFC), which overcomes existing limitations. By adopting an organizational stress perspective on WFC we show that WFC should be conceptualized as a process. By disentangling its components we point out several problems of WFC research and how our new approach can help to avoid them. Research on WFC often does not comply with the current standards of organizational stress research. Common WFC measures bear the potential of content that overlaps with determinants and outcomes, which might spuriously inflate correlations. To avoid measurement overlap, we propose to operationalize incompatible demands by interaction effects between the work and the family domain. We further acknowledge that incompatible demands increase the need to make role decisions, which affect direct indicators of WFC like role performance. The separate measurement of the components of the WFC process delivers a more objective insight than measures of WFC that do not capture all those components separately. Many problems of WFC research have been addressed before, but this is the first attempt to solve several of them by providing an overall conceptual model. The propositions we derive from this model can easily be tested in future studies. We also point out how our model could be expanded to include other important concepts of the work–family interface.

Work–family conflict in context: The impact of structural and perceived neighborhood disadvantage on work–family conflict

Despite increasing levels of work–family conflict (WFC) among North Americans, few scholars examine the broader contexts in which these conflicts occur. I address this gap by examining how the neighborhood of residence impacts WFC, with a focus on social inequality and disadvantage across neighborhoods. I hypothesize that neighborhood disadvantage may impact WFC directly—by introducing ambient stressors that inhibit individuals from successfully balancing competing domain demands, and indirectly—by undermining the psychological resources that would combat the harmful effects of disadvantaged contexts. Using individual and census-level data from Canada, I consider both objective and subjective measures of neighborhood disadvantage and find that, overall, individuals in more disadvantaged neighborhoods are worse off because these contexts increase WFC, while reducing the psychological resources that would otherwise buffer these deleterious effects. However, some of these associations vary by gender. I discuss the broader implications of these findings for neighborhood effects and WFC research.

Family boundary characteristics, work-family conflict and life satisfaction: A moderated mediation model.

Although work-family border and boundary theory suggest individuals' boundary characteristics influence their work-family relationship, it is largely unknown how boundary flexibility and permeability mutually influence work-family conflict and subsequent employee outcomes. Moreover, the existing work-family conflict research has been mainly conducted in the United States and other Western countries. To address these gaps in the work-family literature, the present study examines a moderated mediation model regarding how family boundary characteristics may influence individuals' work-family conflict and life satisfaction with a sample of 278 Chinese full-time employees. Results showed that employees' family flexibility negatively related to their perceived work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW), and both these two relationships were augmented by individuals' family permeability. In addition, WIF mediated the relationship between family flexibility and life satisfaction; the indirect effect of family flexibility on life satisfaction via WIF was stronger for individuals with higher family permeability. The theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed.

Family interference and employee dissatisfaction: Do agreeable employees better cope with stress?

Extending work–family conflict research, we draw on role theory and conservation of resources theory to propose a moderated-mediation model of the relationship between family interference with work, job stress, agreeableness and employee attitudes. We examined the moderating effect of employee agreeableness on the relationship between family interference with work and job and life satisfaction mediated by job stress. Hypotheses were tested in a sample of 756 employees from 15 industries. Results showed a negative association between family interference with work and job satisfaction and life satisfaction through perceived job stress. Further, this mediated relationship was moderated by employee agreeableness, such that job stress and decrease in job and life satisfaction were perceived only by employees low in agreeableness.

The Psychology of the recession on the workplace

Contents: Foreword Lennart Levi PART I: INDIVIDUAL HEALTH, STRESS AND WELL-BEING 1. Well-Being Among Greeks And Immigrants Before And After Financial Crisis Alexander-Stamatios Antoniou and Marina Dalla 2. Socioeconomic Adversity and Family Stressors in Relation to School Achievement Among Greek, Serbian and Albanian Students A.-S. Antoniou, M. Dalla, L. Kashahu, Dh. Karaj, G. Michailidis and E. Georgiadi 3. Impact of the Recession and Its Aftermath on Individual Health and Well-being Esther Greenglass, Zdravko Marjanovic and Lisa Fiksenbaum 4. Workaholism and Psychosocial Functioning: Individual, Family and Workplace Perspectives Diana Malinowska, Monika Trzebinska, Aleksandra Tokarz and Bruce Kirkcaldy 5. The Mark of Recession in the High Tech Industry: High Stress and Low Burnout Ayala Malach Pines and Nurit Zaidman 6. The Impact of the Recession and Its Aftermath on Individual Health and Well-being Oi Ling Siu 7. Temporary Employment, Quality of Working Life and Well-being Alfred Wagenaar, Michiel Kompier, Toon Taris and Irene Houtman PART II: JOB INSECURITY, JOB LOSS AND UNEMPLOYMENT 8. Economic Recession, Job Insecurity and Employee and Organizational Health Ronald Burke 9. The Psychology of Unemployment: Laying Off People in a Recession Adrian Furnham 10. Perceiving and Responding to Job Insecurity: The Importance of Multilevel Contexts Lixin Jiang, Tahira Probst and Robert Sinclair 11. Unemployment and Mental Health Howard Kahn 12. The Effects of Not Working: A Psychological Framework for Understanding the Experience of Job Loss Ellen Shupe and Katelyn Buchholz PART III: SPECIFIC ISSUES IN RECESSION 13. Effects of the Recession on Psychological Contracts between Employers and Employees Donald Cable and Michael O'Driscoll 14. The Individual Afront the Antinomies of the Contemporary World Menelaos Givalos 15. Psychological Effects of Restructuring Kathleen Otto, Thomas Rigotti and Gisela Mohr 16. Social Support in Times of Economic Stress Ewelina Smoktunowicz, Roman Cieslak and Charles Benight PART IV: WORK-FAMILY BALANCE/CONFLICT 17. The Dynamism of Balancing Work and Family in a Developing Society: Evidence from Taiwan Luo Lu 18. Low Income Families and Occupational Health: Implications of Economic Stress for Work-Family Conflict Research and Practice Robert Sinclair, Tahira Probst, Leslie Hammer and Meline Schaffer

A comparative test of work-family conflict models and critical examination of work-family linkages

This paper is a comprehensive meta-analysis of over 20 years of work-family conflict research. A series of path analyses were conducted to compare and contrast existing work-family conflict models, as well as a new model we developed which integrates and synthesizes current work-family theory and research. This new model accounted for 40% of the variance in job satisfaction, 38% of the variance in family satisfaction, and 35% of the variance in life satisfaction. In a critical examination of work-family linkages, a series of analyses excluding work-family conflict constructs and pathways resulted in a well-fitting and more parsimonious model that still accounted for 39% of the variance in job satisfaction, 37% of the variance in family satisfaction, and 33% of the variance in life satisfaction. Results indicate that direct effects drive work-family conflict models while indirect effects provide little incremental explanation in regards to satisfaction outcomes.