Contract Workers Research Articles

Digital Employment Contract Practices (Contentpreuner – Mediapreuner) Media Industry in Indonesia

The practice of digital-based work contracts is experiencing rapid development, one form of business that uses digital-based work contracts, namely Mediapreuner, an example of a fairly large Mediapreuner business model in Indonesia, namely the Pikiran Rakyat Media Network (PRMN). The reality found on the ground, digital work contracts have been carried out massively, even by business networks that are national in scale. This seems to reconstruct the work contract culture that has been widely practiced by business people, starting from the MoU process. This then encourages researchers to carry out an in-depth observation process to dissect the engagement scheme, clauses in the contract, as well as the factors that influence business people to trust each other in digital work contracts. The practice of digital contracts of work at PRMN is an agreement in the form of cooperation between 3 parties. Strong reasons that encourage parties to be able to organize and maintain digital employment contracts are the parties' trust and track record of income.

Investing in general human capital as a relational strategy: Evidence on flexible arrangements with contract workers

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines a firm's investment in the general skills of contract workers in flexible work arrangements. It theorizes that this investment may prolong a productive firm‐worker collaboration even when workers’ mobility barriers are low. It also proposes that achieving such benefits requires that the firm frames the relational benefits of the investments both to managers and workers. Such a “relational framing” mitigates worker concerns about subsequent productivity demands and manager concerns about worker mobility. Experimental and non‐experimental studies conducted in a multinational cosmetics direct sales company support the theory. Investments in the general skills of workers—even those in flexible work arrangements—can benefit both firms and workers by deepening the firm‐worker relationship while increasing value creation.Managerial SummaryShould companies train workers in general skills if the workers can easily leave and transfer productivity gains to competing firms? A common answer to this question is “no,” especially when targeting workers hired under flexible arrangements, such as gig workers and direct sales representatives. This article offers a different perspective. It predicts that these investments signal a company's commitment to nurture workers’ development. In turn, workers reciprocate by prolonging a more productive collaboration. Training thus benefits workers and companies. Using relational terms to frame training programs enables the promotion by managers of training opportunities, and uptake by workers. This framing overcomes managerial concerns about worker exit and worker concerns about subsequent productivity demands. Studies conducted in a multinational cosmetics direct sales company support these arguments.

Simultaneous assessment of mechanical and electrical function in Langendorff-perfused ex-vivo mouse hearts.

The Langendorff-perfused ex-vivo isolated heart model has been extensively used to study cardiac function for many years. However, electrical and mechanical function are often studied separately-despite growing proof of a complex electro-mechanical interaction in cardiac physiology and pathology. Therefore, we developed an isolated mouse heart perfusion system that allows simultaneous recording of electrical and mechanical function. Isolated mouse hearts were mounted on a Langendorff setup and electrical function was assessed via a pseudo-ECG and an octapolar catheter inserted in the right atrium and ventricle. Mechanical function was simultaneously assessed via a balloon inserted into the left ventricle coupled with pressure determination. Hearts were then submitted to an ischemia-reperfusion protocol. At baseline, heart rate, PR and QT intervals, intra-atrial and intra-ventricular conduction times, as well as ventricular effective refractory period, could be measured as parameters of cardiac electrical function. Left ventricular developed pressure (DP), left ventricular work (DP-heart rate product) and maximal velocities of contraction and relaxation were used to assess cardiac mechanical function. Cardiac arrhythmias were observed with episodes of bigeminy during which DP was significantly increased compared to that of sinus rhythm episodes. In addition, the extrasystole-triggered contraction was only 50% of that of sinus rhythm, recapitulating the "pulse deficit" phenomenon observed in bigeminy patients. After ischemia, the mechanical function significantly decreased and slowly recovered during reperfusion while most of the electrical parameters remained unchanged. Finally, the same electro-mechanical interaction during episodes of bigeminy at baseline was observed during reperfusion. Our modified Langendorff setup allows simultaneous recording of electrical and mechanical function on a beat-to-beat scale and can be used to study electro-mechanical interaction in isolated mouse hearts.

Origin and spread of leprosy in Suriname. A historical and biomedical study.

The new world was considered free of leprosy before the arrival of Europeans. In Suriname, historical migration routes suggest that leprosy could have been introduced from West Africa by the slave trade, from Asia by indentured workers, from Europe by the colonizers, and more recently by Brazilian gold miners. Previous molecular studies on environmental and ancient samples suggested a high variability of the strains circulating in the country, possibly resulting from the various migration waves. However, a current overview of such diversity in humans still needs to be explored. The origin and spread of leprosy in Suriname are investigated from a historical point of view and by strain genotyping of Mycobacterium leprae from skin biopsies of 26 patients with multibacillary leprosy using PCR-genotyping and whole-genome sequencing. Moreover, molecular signs of resistance to the commonly used anti-leprosy drugs i.e. dapsone, rifampicin and ofloxacin, were investigated. Molecular detection was positive for M. leprae in 25 out of 26 patient samples, while M. lepromatosis was not found in any of the samples. The predominant M. leprae strain in our sample set is genotype 4P (n=8) followed by genotype 1D-2 (n=3), 4N (n=2), and 4O/P (n=1). Genotypes 4P, 4N, 4O/P are predominant in West Africa and Brazil, and could have been introduced in Suriname by the slave trade from West Africa, and more recently by gold miners from Brazil. The presence of the Asian strains 1D-2 probably reflects an introduction by contract workers from India, China and Indonesia during the late 19th and early 20th century after the abolition of slavery. There is currently no definite evidence for the occurrence of the European strain 3 in the 26 patients. Geoplotting reflects internal migration, and also shows that most patients live in and around Paramaribo. A biopsy of one patient harbored two M. leprae genotypes, 1D-2 and 4P, suggesting co-infection. A mutation in the dapsone resistance determining region of folP1 was detected in two out of 13 strains for which molecular drug susceptibility was obtained, suggesting the circulation of dapsone resistant strains.

Contractor's Responsibility for a Work Contract in a Project Direct Appointment by the Commitment Making Officer (PPK) of the Regional Government Organization (OPD) (Study at the Public Works and Spatial Planning Department of Tanjungbalai City)

The Reformation era was an era of change in national and state life. The reform era began in 1998. The background to the birth of the Reform Era was the dysfunction of the wheels of government in national and state life, especially in the fields of politics, economics and law. So with the Reformation, state administrators want to make radical (fundamental) changes in these three areas. The form of contractor responsibility for a work contract in a Direct Appointment project, where basically the responsibility of the contractor (work implementer) in the work contract in all selection models (whether direct appointment or not) is the same. The cooperation contract system and payment method with contractors and terms and each month which is influenced by the form of contract for the Direct Appointment method is in the form of a Letter of Agreement. Meanwhile, the type of contract can be a Laumpsum Contract, or a Unit Price Contract, or a Combined Unit Price and Laumpsum Contract. Usually using a Combined Unit Price and Laumpsum Contract. Except for emergency work using unit price contracts. Meanwhile, the method or method of payment can be termly or monthly (certificate mountly: based on work performance). The formulation of the problem discussed is how the contractor's responsibilities regarding work contracts in projects are directly appointed by the PPK of the Tanjungbalai City Public Works and Spatial Planning Service

“Pseudo-Contracted” Workers as a Means of Bypassing Labour Law in Greece

The aim of this article is to investigate two external flexible forms of employment—the leasing of workers through Temporary Work Agencies (TWAs) and the contracted workers employed through Business Service Providers (contractors). Undoubtedly, these two forms of employment are complex and often give rise to confusion. First, this article reviews the characteristics of these types of workers and the operation of these businesses. Second, it presents the results of a mixed method of empirical research (quantitative and qualitative) regarding contracted workers. Our sample was 365 contracted workers from the cities of Athens, Thessaloniki and Patras, Greece. In particular, quantitative research is conducted using a methodology called RDS (Respondent Driven Sampling) that is innovative in the field of labour economics and labour relations. Some significant findings of our qualitative research are used to improve, extend, and interpret the quantitative results. Our research proves that contracted workers, who are employed at the premises of the banks, are leased workers, and the contracting undertakings usually operate unlawfully as TWAs. Our research proves that Banks in Greece are using “pseudo-contracting” to circumvent the European Directive 2008/104/EC and the Greek Laws 4052/2012 and 4254/2014, both of which provide institutional protection to workers leased through TWAs. In more detail, the relevant European Directive and the Greek Law 4052/2012 provide salary equality and equal labour rights for the leased workers in Greece and the EU, when they share the same qualifications as the permanent employees of the user undertakings. The employers’ aim in adopting this policy is mainly to pay lower salaries to contracted workers, who in practice have the characteristics of leased workers.

A Study on the Distinction Criteria between Contract for Work and Labor Dispatch －Focusing on the Japanese Legal Experience

A Study on the Distinction Criteria between Contract for Work and Labor Dispatch －Focusing on the Japanese Legal Experience

Floodlighting the Fog out of Contractual Employment: A Holistic Inquiry into the Discourse

This qualitative research paper investigates the multifaceted phenomenon of contractual employment in India, with a particular emphasis on understanding its implications for workers. The study dives into the experiences and opinions of many stakeholders involved in the contractual employment system using a foresight lens. This study intends to expose the effects of contractual employment and labour law subversion on employees' lives by conducting in-depth interviews with workers, management personnel, and academicians. The findings offer insight into the intricate interplay of social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the frequency and persistence of contract labour in India. Based on the findings, this study simulates various situations that emerge depending upon the impending labour code changes and also details the subsequent steps that are to be taken. The solutions to the problems encountered by contract workers are much more holistic in nature and require an in-depth local-level analysis and coordination. This study provides a detailed knowledge of the complexities connected with contractual work in India by using a foresight lens. It provides vital insights to stakeholders involved in the issue, such as workers, management, and academics, allowing them to pursue more equitable and just work systems. Ultimately, this research underscores the critical importance of addressing the complexities surrounding contractual employment, recognizing the need to safeguard workers' rights and welfare, and fostering an environment conducive to fair and sustainable employment practices in India.

MODERN TRENDS OF THE JORDANIAN LEGISLATOR REGARDING THE ISSUE OF DEBTOR IMPRISONMENT

Following the issuance of Defense Order No. 28 of 2021 in light of the Corona pandemic (to postpone the implementation of decisions to imprison the debtor issued pursuant to the provisions of the Implementation Law), a media storm erupted in the media and social media, inciting Jordanian public opinion against imprisonment of the debtor, prompting the Jordanian legislator to make amendments to The implementation law is one of the most important; Ruling that it is not permissible to imprison the debtor if he is unable to fulfill a contractual obligation, with the exception of real estate leases and work contracts. The problem of the research lies in the legislator’s bias towards the debtor at the expense of the creditor, who in turn will refrain from granting credit and forward transactions, which negatively affects the course of civil and commercial transactions. The study followed the descriptive and analytical approach to the texts of the implementation law and the rulings of the Jordanian judiciary. This study concluded that the debtor imprisonment system contradicts the Jordanian legislator’s approach to emptying prisons of inmates who do not pose a criminal threat to society in order to avoid disrupting them from work and production. The study recommended canceling the debtor's imprisonment on the condition of adopting the civil death penalty system, which represents the paralysis of financial, administrative, and governmental transactions of the procrastinating debtor.

Freeing Chinese Men on the María Luz: Gender and the Latin American Coolie Trade

AbstractThis essay analyzes a Japanese court’s criminal conviction of a Peruvian shipmaster for abusing Chinese contract workers and the subsequent release of all Chinese passengers except a lone girl. Using the case as a lens onto gender dynamics within the coolie trade to Latin America, I argue that overlapping patriarchal practices made Chinese contract labor overwhelming male and prioritized men in debates over freedom. The María Luz trials upheld women’s domestic sexual bondage while condemning men’s enslavement.

Regulating the Fairness of Work Contracts in the Gig Economy

The growth of the ‘gig economy’ has prompted debate about the regulation of arrangements to obtain work and income through digital labour platforms. For platform workers who are classified as freelancers or independent contractors, rather than as employees, one possibility is to invoke general laws on the fairness of contractual terms to challenge the inclusion of harsh or one-sided provisions in the contracts of adhesion typically drafted and imposed by digital platforms. To test the potential application of one such regime, in pt 2-3 of the Australian Consumer Law ( ‘ACL’), we systematically analyse the terms and conditions used by various platforms intermediating work performed in Australia, within and across different industry sectors. Our analysis uncovers many examples of terms that are designated in s 25 of the ACL as potentially unfair or that have been identified as potentially problematic by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (‘ACCC’). We also examine the practical difficulties confronting a worker seeking to challenge the fairness of their contract terms, against the background of recent reforms to enhance the efficacy of this regime.

The impact of COVID‐19 on the well‐being of Australian visual artists and arts workers

AbstractIn this paper, we assess the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on the Australian visual arts sector. We base our analysis on the responses of over 1500 visual artists and arts workers to a survey conducted by the National Association for the Visual Arts (NAVA), the national peak body for the visual and media arts, craft and design sector in September 2021. NAVA employed this online survey to study the relationship between the pandemic and both the incomes and mental health of artists and arts workers. Using regression analysis, we find that there has been a significant impact for both artists and arts workers, with the severity of the impacts varying by gender, age and the availability of state‐based and Australian Government support programmes. Reduced hours and loss of contracted work and commissions due to the pandemic were both related to declines in income and mental health outcomes for artists and for arts workers. Housing stress was associated with a higher likelihood of a significant or extreme mental health impact for artists and arts workers. In addition, artists' incomes and mental health outcomes were impacted when faced with a reduced ability to sell, although some artists were able to increase their online profiles.

Pelaksanaan Perlindungan Hukum Kontrak Kerja Tenaga Kesehatan di Lingkungan Dinas Kesehatan Kota Palembang

The purpose of this paper explains the increase in honorary or contract personnel to support the performance of civil servants, especially in the context of public services in local governments. Public services are closely related to the community, and contract labor plays an important role in realizing maximum service. The focus of this research is on the implementation of employment contracts and legal protection for health workers at the Palembang City Health Office. This research uses normative research methods with a focus on regulations and written legal materials. Data collection techniques are carried out through documentation, involving data collection through documents related to research problems. The document includes primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis is carried out in depth and comprehensively with an analytical descriptive approach to answer problems in research. The analysis is carried out by considering the variation of data and the basic nature of the data that is not easily quantified, as well as thorough and holistic. The results showed that the work implementation agreement at the Padang Tuesday Health Center was a form of a certain time work agreement, with valid regulations and conditions based on Article 1320 of the Civil Code. However, the laws and regulations on which the legal basis for the appointment of contract workers do not specifically address the legal rights and protections for contract workers, indicating that there are loopholes that must be addressed.

Studi Perencanaan Pipa Penstock Pada Pembangunan PLTA Poso

Development of water through the construction of dams where development has a goal to improve the quality of all aspects of people's lives, namely social, cultural and economic aspects in order to realize social welfare. The implementation of a dam construction project that requires more expertise to complete the final work, always requires a project completion time and that has been specified in the work contract. The active role of management is one of the main keys to the success of project management in achieving targets in terms of cost, quality and time. In the construction of this dam requires an implementation method which includes: preparatory work (land clearing and stripping, mobilization, work roads, making board directors, and project nameplates, building facilities and infrastructure for office buildings, workshop warehouses, and providing clean water and lighting, and connecting roads from the highway to the project site.), construction of evasion channels, excavation of soil and used to make upstream and downstream cofferdams. The Poso River that flows from Lake Poso to generate electricity With an average discharge of 148 m3 per second, its energy potential is enormous. PT Poso Energy has 3 concessions for hydroelectric power plants on the river with a total of 600 MW

Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic on The Effectiveness of Ship Crew Schedule at PT Surf Marine Indonesia

Health is very important for all humans, because without good health it will be difficult to carry out daily activities. According to the Health Law Number 36 Year 2009 Article 1 "Health is a healthy state, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially that allows everyone to live socially and economically productive". In the world of work, health is one of the main things that workers must have to do their work. Including in the world of shipping both on land and at sea. Workers at sea, especially ship crews at work, must be in good health so that they can carry out activities on board as much as possible. Before the ship's crew boarded the ship, the ship's crew had to do a medical check-up as a mandatory requirement to board the ship. Every three or six months the ship's crew will make a crew change because the work contract has expired and the ship will look for a replacement crew to work on the ship. During the Covid-19 pandemic, crew changes experienced obstacles because the spread of this virus was quite fast. All regions in the world are currently implementing strict health protocols to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. Especially for ship crews, they also implement strict procedures to deal with Covid-19. During a pandemic. During this pandemic, the challenges faced by the manning division are very high where the process of changing ship crews is very difficult to carry out, while the crew on board the ship has expired. Another challenge faced when changing crews is that there is no standby crew so that the crew's working period on the ship is not in accordance with the previously agreed Sea Work Agreement.

The Influence of Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget (APBD) Management Competency in the Gorontalo City Library and Archives Service

The aim to be achieved in this research is to determine and analyze the influence of competence on the management of regional revenue and expenditure budgets (APBD) in the Gorontalo City Library and Archives Service. The location of this research was carried out at the Gorontalo City Library and Archives Service. The type of research used is survey research. This research consists of two variables related to competency, namely variable Which consists of 21 civil servants and 17 contract workers. Data Collection Techniques through Observation, Questionnaires, Documentation. Sugiyono (2018:112) Quantitative analysis of data testing through requirements consisting of: 1) Looking for Linear Regression Equations 2) Looking for Correlation Coefficients 3) Testing the Significance of Correlation. The research results show that competency has a positive and significant influence on APBD management. Adequate competency will increase the effectiveness of APBD management. The results of the research hypothesis test found that the form of the simple linear regression equation obtained was . and the correlation coefficient is 0.723 and the coefficient of determination is 0.522. This means that competence contributes 52.2% to APBD management, and the remaining 47.8% is determined by other factors including responsibility and work motivation.

Assessing the Impact of Green Training on Sustainable Business Advantage: Exploring the Mediating Role of Green Supply Chain Practices

This study examines how green training can give businesses a sustainable competitive edge. Environmentally conscious strategies and operations result in lower costs, improved reputation, increased customer loyalty, and increased market opportunities driven by environmentally conscious consumers. Sustainable business conduct requires green training programmes to enhance employees’ environmental awareness. This study examines the effects of green training on sustainable business advantage using the literature and empirical analysis. This study also examines how green supply chain practices mediate this association. Green supply chain practices include environmentally friendly procurement, production, transportation, and disposal methods. Green recruitment involves selecting and hiring people who understand environmental issues and are committed to sustainability. This method integrates eco-friendly staff. A total of 583 Saudi manufacturing contract workers were studied. IBM SPSS Amos was used to analyse the data from model testing. Green training improves sustainable business advantage, according to the study. The study suggests that green supply chain practices mediate this relationship. Green training improves operational efficiency, resource use, and environmental performance. Green training can be applied to green supply chain practices, resulting in measurable and sustainable results. This study examines green training, recruitment, sustainable business advantage, and green supply chain practices to improve sustainability management understanding. These insights help organisations align their strategies with environmental sustainability, giving them a competitive edge in the 21st century’s ever-changing business environment.

THE AGREEMENT ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF MOSQUE INTERIORS IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF AL-IJĀRAH ALA AL- 'AMĀL CONTRACT IN ABDYA DISTRICT OF ACEH

The practice of Borongan work agreement on the manufacture of mosque interiors between CV Serba Na Plafon and the mosque BKM is carried out in the form of an oral agreement and both parties have agreed to the contents of the agreement. However, after the work was completed and the work contract ended, there was damage to the interior of the mosque and the BKM mosque asked for responsibility for CV Serba Na Plafon. This study examines how the work agreement between the management of the BKM Mosque and the contractor in making the interior of the mosque and the review of the al-ijārah ala al-amāl contract on the agreement and implementation of mosque interior design work in Southwest Aceh Regency. This research is a descriptive qualitative research analysis with a normative sociological approach, where the data obtained comes from observations and interviews. Based on the results of the research, it is found that: First, the work agreement between the BKM and the contractor is carried out in the form of an oral agreement, in the agreement a three-month warranty is given to complete the work with the provision that if damage occurs, then all damage is not the responsibility of CV Seba Na Plafon. Second, the review of the al-ijārah ala al-amāl contract on the agreement and implementation of the mosque interior design work is not in accordance with the terms and conditions of the al-ijārah ala al-amāl contract. In its implementation, the BKM of the mosque asks for responsibility for damage to the interior of the mosque carried out by CV Serba Na Plafon, which should be according to the al- ijārah ala al-"amāl contract, the BKM of the mosque has no right to do so because the parties must adhere to the terms agreed upon at the beginning of the agreement. In Islamic law, the parties to the collaboration must comply with the agreements in the contract.

Encourage Fathers’ Use of Paternal Leave in Vietnam: the Labor Contract Characteristics and Fathers’ Behavior

Vietnam reformed the maternity regime in 2014, in which male employees currently paying social insurance premiums whose wives give birth to children are entitled to a maternity leave of from 5 to 14 working days. This is widely regarded as a landmark reform that has shifted the Vietnam maternity regime toward a model that is more supportive of the compatibility of work and family life. In this paper, we show that fathers' leave-taking was only about 5,2% of total male employees currently paying social insurance premiums whose wives give birth, even when fathers are on leave period, they spend very little time with their children; despite drastic changes in gender norms in Vietnam, as well as short periods of leave, may have long-lasting effects on fathers’ involvement in newborn care and housework. We also find that groups of fathers, who are cadres and civil servants, as well as those with permanent working contracts profited more strongly from changing their behavior, while self-employment and temporary work lower fathers’ chances of taking leave. Finally, we make some compelling proposals to increase the number of fathers taking parental leave.

Employment Factors Associated With Long Working Hours in France

The objectives of the study were to explore the employment factors associated with long working hours, known as a risk factor for various health outcomes. The study relied on the national representative data of the 2013 French working conditions survey and a study sample of 23,378 full-time employees. Long working hours were defined by the threshold of 48 hours a week following the European Working Time Directive. The prevalence of long working hours was higher among men (13.5%) than among women (8.5%). Employees of the private sector, with permanent work contract, in small companies, and men in the services had a higher prevalence of exposure. This prevalence increased with educational and occupational levels. Our findings may help decision-makers to define preventive strategies. More research is needed to improve our knowledge of the employment factors associated with long working hours, as there may be strong differences between countries.