Categories Of Work Research Articles

Factors Influencing Knowledge of Hepatitis B Vaccination amongst Healthcare Workers in a Rural Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are daily exposed to HBV infections from the blood and body fluids of patients and clients they care for in the health sector. Unfortunately, many of these HCWs are not vaccinated for hepatitis B. This study aimed to assess the factors influencing knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination amongst HCWs in a rural tertiary health facility in Edo State, Southern Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used in this study, and data were collected using the quantitative approach. 280 HCWs were administered with pre-tested, semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The obtained data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 21.0, and the level of significance – alpha (α) was set at 5% (0.05). Results: The mean age of HCWs was 34.90(±9.46) years. Just above half of the HCWs, 146 (52.1%), had a good knowledge of the hepatitis B (HB) vaccine. Work type (p<0.001) and category of HCWs (p<0.001) were significantly associated with the level of knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination by respondents. Conclusion: There was poor knowledge of hepatitis B vaccination amongst HCWs with work type and category of HCW as determinants. Priority should be given to ensure targeted health promotion programmes that will improve knowledge, with a view to enhance optimal uptake of hepatitis B vaccine amongst HCWs.

The impacts of changes in the world of work: A reality for workers in Brazil

This present work will analyze the transformations in the relations of the world of work in the Brazilian context. Based on the investigation, it is a focus on a qualitative approach that excels in identifying the production of scientific material on the impacts of changes in the world of work: a reality of workers in Brazil. One based on literature review, from database of publications such as magazines, congress, scielo, Elseve , Scopus and others. The research has as a general objective, to analyze the transformations in the relations of the world of work, in the Brazilian context. We will also discuss specific goals that will clarify the entire work process. Through the following specific objectives: Understanding the work category in Marx. Identify the productive restructuring process and analyze the impacts of work on the working class in contemporary Brazil.

Facilitators and barriers to implementing provider-initiated HIV counselling and testing at the clinic-level in Ekurhuleni District, South Africa

BackgroundHIV testing is the entry point into the HIV care continuum and critical for HIV epidemic control. Facility-based HIV testing services (HTS) reach individuals who are already seeking clinical care and engaging with the medical care system. For this reason, individuals diagnosed with HIV during facility-based HIV testing are more likely to continue into HIV care. To increase the number of PLHIV who are diagnosed and initiated on ART, in 2015, the South African Department of Health instituted Provider-Initiated Counselling and Testing (PICT) policy—encouraging healthcare providers to recommend HIV testing, but this strategy remains under-utilized. We aimed to identify key constraints to the normalization of PICT implementation in 10 Ekurhuleni District healthcare facilities in South Africa.MethodsIn-depth interviews were conducted with 40 healthcare workers (28 clinicians and 12 lay counsellors). Health care workers were purposefully selected to participate in the interviews, stratified by health facility and work category. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and translated for analysis. Thematic analysis was guided by the normalization process theory (NPT). NPT theory explains how practices are routinely embedded within organizational contexts. We used NVivo 10 software for qualitative data management.ResultsBoth clinicians and lay counsellors exhibited a clear understanding of the PICT policy— acknowledging its purpose and value. The identified barrier to normalization of PICT among clinicians was offering HIV testing based on suspicion of HIV despite understanding that PICT involves offering testing to all clients. Additionally, clinicians perceived PICT as incongruent with their clinical roles and perceived it to be lay counsellors’ responsibility. The main facilitator was the participation of all healthcare workers, specifically the presence of lay counsellors, although they also faced barriers such as a lack of workspace and under-appreciation.ConclusionsUse of NPT helped identify barriers that prevent the normalization of PITC and its integration into routine patient care. These barriers can be modified by low-cost interventions that promote congruence of PICT to the roles of clinicians and integrate the role of lay counsellors within the patient flow in the facility.

PENGARUH POSTUR KERJA TERHADAP KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PADA PEKERJA BATU BATA

The brick industry is an industry where almost all of the processes are done traditionally. Workers' body postures when working are often not ergonomic, so there is a risk of causing muskuloskeletal complaints. This study aims to determine the effect of work posture on musculoskeletal complaints in brick industry workers in Kasreman Village, Kandangan District, Kediri Regency. This type of research is analytic observational with a cross-sectional approach. This study includes a population study with the entire population as a sample of 57 people. Data were collected by observing work postures using the Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS) method and interviews about musculoskeletal complaints felt by workers using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. The data were analyzed univariately and bivariately with Chi Square test and continued with Fisher's Exact. The results of this study indicate that most of the workers have a high category of work posture, aged > 35 years, and have high category of musculoskeletal complaints. Statistical test results show that there is an effect of work posture and age on musculoskeletal complaints in brick industry workers in Kasreman Village, Kandangan District, Kediri Regency in 2021. It is recommended for workers to pay attention to their work postures, adjust work and rest times, and stretch muscles. Industrial owners should pay more attention to workplace conditions, arrange work and rest times, and be able to provide sufficient and shady land to rest.

Cultivating a Collaborative Culture for Ensuring Sustainable Development Goals in Higher Education: An Integrative Case Study

Higher education institutions (HEIs) are not insulated from the challenges facing the planet and have been tasked as key stakeholders in sustainable development (SD). The preliminary data presented in this paper demonstrate that, over the last five decades, there has been a shift toward the categories of SD work that necessitate a collaborative culture that is not traditionally inherent in HEIs. It is offered that when HEIs align their institutional capacities with worldwide efforts to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 and foster an intentionally collaborative culture, they will become better equipped to face their own unique challenges: becoming “changemaker” universities; collaborating with each other in the knowledge economy; placing students at the center of the teaching and learning process; and fulfilling their “third mission” to partner with external stakeholders and society. This paper will outline the conceptual frameworks used to direct the construction of Wingate University’s Collaborative for the Common Good (CCG). The preliminary data from this case study at Wingate University show promise; tracked impact reports show that an intentionally collaborative infrastructure that is designed to contribute to achieving SDGs provided a unique opportunity for this university to meet the needs of the campus and community despite their many social, economic, and cultural challenges that were exacerbated by COVID-19.

Weaknesses of Malaysian public procurement: a review of auditor general’s reports

PurposeThis paper aims to systematically analyze the weaknesses of public procurement in Malaysia as reported in the Auditor General’s Reports from 2011 until 2018. Specifically, the study examines the types of weaknesses, the modes of public procurement involved with the weaknesses, the procurement categories involved with the weaknesses and the key recommendations to mitigate the weaknesses in public procurement.Design/methodology/approachA document analysis was adopted in achieving the objective. The Auditor General’s reports and the reports of activities of federal ministries/departments published by the National Audit Department, Malaysia from the year 2011 until 2018 are the main documents used in this study. The data gathered were analyzed using frequency distribution and displayed with descriptive statistics and relevant graphs.FindingsThe findings of the study revealed that the top five reported are non-compliance to scope, specifications and terms of contracts; delayed completion/non-completion of project; poor documentation; low quality of products, service and work; and little or no prior planning. It is also found that direct negotiation mode was reported with the highest issues of public procurement, while the procurement mode with the least public procurement weaknesses is direct purchase. Moreover, it was found that work category is the highest with public procurement issues reported compared to supplies and services. The top recommendations given by the Auditor General were to improve internal control, to enhance monitoring, to establish planning in details, to improve assets management and to take appropriate actions toward contractors and procurement officers when needed.Originality/valueThis is among a few studies that attempted to systematically examine the main issues regarding the public procurement activities in Malaysia. This study highlighted pertinent aspects of the public procurement activities, which need close attention by the relevant authorities to ensure efficient and effective public procurement.

Who Bears the Burden of a Pandemic? COVID-19 and the Transfer of Risk to Digital Platform Workers

In this paper, we analyze the recessionary effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on digital platform workers. The crisis has been described as a great work-from-home experiment, with platform ecosystems presenting as its most advanced form. Our analysis differentiates the direct (health) and indirect (economic) risks incurred by workers in order to critically assess the portrayal of platforms as buffers against crisis-induced layoffs. We submit that platform-mediated labor may eventually increase precarity, without necessarily reducing health risks for workers. Our argument is based on a comparison of the three main categories of platform work—“on-demand labor” (gigs such as delivery and transportation), “online labor” (tasks performed remotely, such as data annotation), and “social networking labor” (content generation and moderation). We discuss the strategies that platforms deploy to transfer risk from clients onto workers, thus deepening existing power imbalances between them. These results question the problematic equivalence between work-from-home and platform labor. Instead of attaining the advantages of the former in terms of direct and indirect risk mitigation, an increasing number of platformized jobs drift toward high economic and insuppressible health risks.

Uneven Paths: Agricultural Pathways that Lead Students to Enroll

For colleges of agriculture throughout the US, recruitment and retention of undergraduate students is a matter of existential importance. We analyzed personal statements written by applicants accepted to undergraduate degrees at North Carolina State University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences (CALS) to determine what pre-university agricultural experiences are related to first-term success and graduation within six years of first enrollment. The 491 students who submitted written materials as a part of their application to CALS described an array of agriculture pathways that we classified as categories of work and volunteer experience, clubs, coursework, personal history, and leisure. Our study found that 319 students, or 65%, described at least one pathway that played a role in their choice to apply. We found that most pathways were dominated by White students, with just 8.8% of students with at least one agriculture pathway from a minoritized group. Further, we calculated the mean First Term GPA (FTGPA) and graduation rate after six years for each pathway group. Findings include that students who discussed FFA participation had relatively high FTGPAs and graduation rates, while students intending to become veterinarians had relatively high FTGPA but low six-year graduation rates.

Level of Awareness on Social Media Platforms among the Employees of Kalinga State University Bulanao Campus

Social media platforms are ubiquitous nowadays, and have connected us in ways. We share information and updates with different social media platforms used. Teaching and school-related works are high-stress professions where it’s very important to used social media apps in which it leads to a more productive and collaborative atmosphere hence it is also good everyone’s psyche. Today’s world social media plays a vital role in connecting everyone’s life, and relationship through online communication, postings, and reactions. A descriptive normative survey method was undergone in data gathering procedures such as observation, survey questionnaires, and interviews. This study focuses on the identification of the participant's age and gender demographic profile and common active social media platforms used by the faculty and non-teaching staff in participating group discussion or interaction, determination of the level of awareness on the use of emoticons, common social media terminologies on social media across demographic groups, social media ethical practices and its implications towards their social relations. The work category were 141 Faculty and 30 Non-teaching staff members who are commonly working at one campus and evaluated thru 5 point Likert Scale. Most of the work category belong to the generations which are familiar on the use of computers and android cellphones where social media is easily accessible; Facebook and Messengeris revealed to be the most familiar social media plat forms for postings and sharing of both pictures and movies purposely for collecting social reactions while Messenger was used as communication media both for private and group communications. However, communication barriers are established among faculty and non-teaching staff members on the use of social terminologies and emoticons across demographical groups but generally social media implications has positive effect on social relations.

Features of the Analysis of the World-modeling Categories of a Lyric Work: The Position of the Subject

Features of the Analysis of the World-modeling Categories of a Lyric Work: The Position of the Subject

НАПРЯМКИ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ ПО ПІДВИЩЕННЮ КОМФОРТНОСТІ СВІТЛОВОГО СЕРЕДОВИЩА

Purpose. The aim of the study was to analyse the most promising ways to use natural light in new modern construction projects and in the reconstruction of existing buildings and modern methods of designing artificial lighting and interior design using new sources, taking into account the psychophysiological condition of the human body. Methods. In order to achieve the set objectives, the current standards of lighting environment, design solutions for natural light in workplaces, were analysed and the ecological and climatic conditions of lighting on the example of Dnipro were taken into account. Existing artificial lighting systems were analysed, the impact of lighting levels was considered, as well as sources on the state of human health, ability to work and safety. Topicality. The article considers the problem of improving the safety and comfort of the lighting environment under optimal working conditions, which preserve the health of workers and create the prerequisites for maintaining a high level of efficiency. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive approach to evaluating the hygienic characteristics of light and colour environment, as well as the application of results for the calculation of lighting systems and recommendations for the design and interior decoration of premises for work of high visual complexity. Practical significance. The research results could be provided to ensure safety of workers in the premises, with categories of work of high, very high and highest precision. The importance of the work lies in the need to take into account the complex effect of a light-coloured environment on the state of workers. The research results proved that safe and comfortable lighting should be designed on the basis of a multifactor model that takes into account the exposure of light of different origins at a workplace with obligatory consideration of the impact on human health during work, as well as determining the energy efficiency of workplace lighting

Post‐Handover Quality Management Index of Electric Housing Work

Since housing electrical work is essential in the aspect of electricity use and electrical accidents, it is necessary to properly design, construct, and manage it to avoid quality problems. However, disputes are intensifying in Korea due to numerous quality problems after the house is handed over to the owner. Although related standards have been established and some studies have been conducted, there is a lack of discussion on housing electrical work because the housing quality problem is varied. In this study, the cases of quality problems that occurred in housing electrical works were investigated, while 52 quality control indices were presented and classified according to detailed work category, object, and problematic occurrences. In addition, the number of cases of quality problems for each quality management index and the repair cost ratio were used as a scale to understand the status of quality management. Finally, 11 quality indices were suggested as candidates of important indices which needed to be controlled to focus on the housing electrical work by comparing the above 52 indices. The comparison was made on which one was best suited to the Pareto principle, a quality management strategy, among the candidates for the critical index and the indices suggested by relevant standards and previous studies. The comparison results showed that the candidates of the essential indices suggested in this study conformed to the Pareto principle, while other indices hardly conformed to it. Therefore, if the quality control strategy of choice and concentration for housing electrical works is used, focusing on these vital index candidates can effectively assist in handling the occurrence of quality problems.

Staging Work in the Corporatist State. Visual Propaganda in Fascist Italy and Peronist Argentina (1922-1955)

A partir de 1922 Benito Mussolini (1922-1943) reformó las relaciones laborales en Italia, aplicando una serie de medidas corporativas. Sus reformas terminaron por convertirse en un modelo a seguir para la búsqueda de soluciones de crisis económicas por parte de jefes de Estado en otros lugares del mundo. Cuando el modelo corporativo se difundió en América Latina en los años 30 y 40, el presidente argentino Juan Domingo Perón (1946-1955) se inspiró considerablemente en dicho precedente italiano. Adhiriéndose a un concepto de política estetizado y utilizando los medios de comunicación de masa, ambos regímenes anunciaron el corporativismo en su respectiva propaganda visual, en la que la figura del trabajador jugaba un papel prominente. El artículo analiza paralelos y diferencias en la formación de identidades políticas en medios visuales en la Italia fascista y en la Argentina peronista, los cuales bajo ambos regímenes corporativos se centraron en el trabajo. Comparando los diversos modelos diseñados para varios miembros de la sociedad, se sostiene que —aparte de roles de género, un ámbito en el cual el peronismo perpetuó imágenes similarmente tradicionales— los mensajes propagandísticos peronistas fueron más orientados al futuro e inclusivos. Exclusiones racistas de partes de la población de la central identidad trabajadora que caracterizaron cada vez más la propaganda fascista a lo largo de los años 30, no se adoptaron en Argentina después de 1945. En cambio, en medios visuales estatales la categoría trabajo en su dimensión incluyente sirvió como promesa de pertenencia a la comunidad peronista.

RESEARCH OF POLYVECTOR ACTIVITY OF THE CENTER OF SOCIAL SERVICES FOR THE FAMILY, CHILDREN AND YOUTH AS A SUBJECT OF SOCIAL WORK

The socio-economic development of Ukraine is accompanied by a number of contradictions and difficulties, involving the displays of social policy mechanisms to protect and support people in difficult life circumstances. The complex work is to become an effective tool for the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens of Ukraine in terms of social security. The purpose of the study − to highlight the structural elements of the system of social services of Ukraine, in particular, the centers of social services for families, children and youth as a center for social work implementation. Another task – to prove the validity of the Center’s multi-vector activities by analyzing the documents of the Khmelnytskyi City Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth. Social services are differentiated as a form of social work of the network of social work bodies, whose professional activity is aimed at implementing the state social policy for socially vulnerable groups of people to support their livelihoods. Based on practical data, we emphasized the effectiveness of multidisciplinary work of social workers in the application of an interdisciplinary form of work, helping individuals to overcome difficult life circumstances. A number of institutions (Khmelnytskyi City Center for Work with Children and Adolescents at the place of residence, Khmelnytskyi City District Department of the State Institution «Probation Center», Khmelnytskyi City Employment Center, Juvenile Prevention Department of the Headquarters of the National Police of Khmelnytskyi region, Remand Prison, the Service for Children of the Khmelnytskyi City Council) habe been characterised, which make up the system of social services, the Center for Social Services for Families, Children and Youth including (example of Khmelnytskyi). The areas of work (individual and group counseling, informational and educational work in educational institutions, social and preventive work with different categories of clients, psychological and motivational work, social support, advertising and information activities in the social sphere) have been disclosed proving the sufficiently high level of efficiency of institution polyvector activity.

Prediction of the effective reproduction number of COVID-19 in Greece. A machine learning approach using Google mobility data

This paper demonstrates how a short-term prediction of the effective reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 in regions of Greece is achieved based on online mobility data. Various machine learning methods are applied to predict Rt and attribute importance analysis is performed to reveal the most important variables that affect the accurate prediction of Rt. Work and Park categories are identified as the most important mobility features when compared to the other attributes, with values of 0.25 and 0.24, respectively. Our results are based on an ensemble of diverse Rt methodologies to provide non-precautious and non-indulgent predictions. Random Forest algorithm achieved the highest R2 (0.8 approximately), Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation values close to 0.9, outperforming in all metrics the other models. The model demonstrates robust results and the methodology overall represents a promising approach towards COVID-19 outbreak prediction. This paper can help health-related authorities when deciding on non-nosocomial interventions to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Information work of hospital librarians: Making the invisible visible

The aim of this paper is to explore and to make visible how the information work of hospital librarians is enacted in key practices where services of the hospital library are employed to support evidence-based practice. The empirical material was produced at three hospital libraries in three different regions in Sweden between January and March 2020. A practice-oriented approach using the theoretical lens information work is employed to analyze nine semi-structured interviews with hospital librarians and hospital library managers, together with field notes from observations of interactions between hospital librarians and healthcare practitioners. The analysis investigates the conditions for information work performed by hospital librarians as they participate in three key practices: clinical practices, information seeking practices, and HTA-practices. The results of the analysis are related to four categories of invisible information work, and the nature of the information work done to counter different types of invisibilities within the key practices is discussed. The findings suggest that a substantial amount of the information work of hospital librarians is invisible to clinicians. At the same time, considerable efforts are made by hospital librarians to counter different types of invisibility, for example through building relationships with healthcare staff and to develop and make specialized competencies visible. In particular, the importance assigned to evidence-based practice in healthcare allows for the librarians to be regarded by clinicians as legitimate partners with clearly defined competencies in specific situations.

Guest editorialKnowledge sharing and its management in an international work environment: drivers, challenges and consequences

[...]as organizations begin to rely on a much broader range of global personnel (Reiche et al., 2019;Shaffer et al., 2012) to tap into opportunities that can yield new organizational learning and other positive outcomes, a vast range of global work categories emerged. [...]international work arrangements do not have to necessarily be connected to physically transcending borders. The onsite-offshore phenomenon of service EMNEs,” authored by Hussain Rammal, Parth Patel, Joao J. Ferreira and Verma Prikshat, examines how emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) operating in the service sector manage knowledge and team members in their overseas subsidiaries and what role expatriates play in their operations. The findings show that Indian IT firms mostly transfer knowledge from headquarters to subsidiaries in host countries using the onsite-offshore model where work is divided and coordinated between team members situated between the two locations.

Operator workload analysis on coconut tree climbing using portable coconut climbing equipment

Recently, the work of climbing coconuts, especially in Aceh Province Indonesia still uses traditional methods, namely by climbing coconut trees directly. Traditional climbing is very high risk because it can fall which threatens the safety of life. Besides that, this job is also a heavy work category because it requires a lot of energy to do it. Therefore, the analysis of operator workload on climbing coconut trees using portable coconut climbing equipment is expected to be useful for developing tool designs and methods for climbing coconuts that are safer, more comfortable and more effective. The calculation of the operator’s workload is based on heart rate measurements, where three operators have their heart rate data taken during coconut tree climbing activities, either manually or using portable climbing tools. The workloads analyzed are qualitative and quantitative workloads. The results of the workload analysis indicate that climbing is traditionally classified as a “medium” job with an average IRHR value of 1.45, while using portable climbing equipment is classified as heavy work with an IRHR value of 1.54 The traditional climbing energy consumption rate is 3.29 kcal/hour.kg-ow (kilocalories per hour per operator’s weight), while using a portable climbing equipment is 3.82 kcal/hour.kg-ow. The high level of operator workload is largely determined by the operator’s habits in doing climbing as well as skills that must be trained in operating the tool. However, in terms of operator safety, the use of portable equipment has a higher level of security because there are footrests and handrails as well as seat belts.

THE EFFECT OF INTERVENTION PROGRAMS ON HOW TO WORK COMPLAINTS IN MECHANICAL WORKERS IN HEAVY EQUIPMENT COMPANIES

ABSTRACTLow back pain (LBP) is experienced by almost everyone during his life, and data in Indonesia ranged from 3-17% based on hospital records. LBP can occur due to awkward body postures and manual handling during working and need intervention to reduce complaints. This study to know intervention to reduce risk at ergonomic can induce LBP. This study uses a quasi-experimental design using control with a sample of 35 in each group. The intervention program monitoring was carried out by the SHE team at the work site based on conducting weekly observations regarding workers doing awkward work postures and manual handling activities and ensuring that mechanical workers receive ergonomics training. After one year of the intervention program, the data collection was carried out using a questionnaire to find out the changes in the length of the squat position, bending position, and manual handling activities in both groups. Significant differences between the two groups were obtained in the long work category with squat posture with p-value <0,001, bent posture with p-value 0.001, and a non-significant difference were found in the manual handling category with a p-value of 0.614. The intervention program can change manual handling in the intervention group 3.6 times at work duration more than 1 hour in a squatting position and decrease in the length of bending position more 1 hour by 1.4 times compared to control. Keywords: ergonomic training, squatting position, bending position, manual handling.

Efforts To Increase The Learning Outcomes Of Biology Through The Methods Of Cooperative Learning Type Group Investigation

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of cooperative learning Group Investigation. This research is a classroom action research (Classroom Action Research) conducted in two cycles. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection. The subject of the research is all students as much as 352 students of VII-1 to VII-10 SMP Negeri 1 Rantau Utara, while its object is the students of class VII-1 as many as 34 students. The research Data is obtained through the provision of test, questionnaire, observation, and interview. The technique of data analysis is the technique of cooperative. The results showed increase in the percentage of student learning outcomes based on the test in the classical style for the initial test of 00,00% (category have not yet succeeded), the first cycle of 52,94% (category have not yet managed) and cycle II 91,18% (the category of work), which indicates an increase. The conclusion from this research is that the implementation of cooperative learning Group Investigation can improve the ability of learning outcomes biology class VII-1 SMP Negeri 1 Rantau Utara