Word Tree Research Articles

A Bibliometric Analysis of Articles on Realistic Mathematics Education Published Between 2000-2021

Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) is one of the topics that was introduced about fifty years ago and has been studied continuously since then. The purpose of this study is to bibliometrically analyze the articles on the subject ofRME. Using the keyword “realistic mathematics education,” 1056 articles were found related to the subject area of RME, which were scanned in the Scopus database in the “Social Science” publication type between 2000-2021. Retrieved articles were analyzed through the web interface page directed by bibliometrix, the R-Studio program package.With the analysis made, the following sub-titles were found: the number of articles produced by years, the authors and journals that published the most articles on the subject area, the most cited articles on a global basis, the annual average number of citations, the productivity of the authors over time, the citation burst values of the authors, the countries of the responsible authors and collaboration tendencies of these countries in terms of articles, word cloud, word tree map, collaboration network of authors, and joint citation network of journals. The results revealed that researchers’ interest in the subject increased after 2012, and articles on RME were mostly published by three major journals, including Journal on Mathematics Education, Journal of Mathematical Behavior and Educational Studies in Mathematics. In addition, it has been determined that the authors with the most articles on RMEwere Zulkardi Z., Suparman S. and R. I. I. Putri, and the countries that published the most articles were USA, Indonesia and Netherlands. As a result of the relevant results, inferences were made for RME.

ÜLKEMİZDE GERÇEKLEŞTİRİLEN ETİK KOD ÇALIŞMALARININ NİTEL ANALİZİ: ULAKBİM VERİ TABANI ÖRNEĞİ

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ULAKBİM veri tabanında yer alan “etik kod” ile ilgili Türkçe makalelerin nitel açıdan analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmada, ULAKBİM veri tabanında yer alan tüm disiplinlere ait makaleler “etik kod” ve “etik kodlar” kelimeleriyle filtrelenmiştir. Filtreleme işlemi makale başlıkları ve anahtar kelimelere uygulanmıştır. Filtreleme sonucunda analize uygun on iki makaleye NVivo 12 programıyla nitel analiz teknikleri uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, etik kodlarla ilgili en yüksek frekanslı kelimelerin “etik, sosyal, bilimsel, psikolojik ve yönetime” olduğu görülmüştür. Analize kelime bulutu ve kavram haritası oluşturularak devam edilmiştir. Daha sonra, “etik” kodlarla ilgili ağaç haritası oluşturulmuştur. Son olarak, veri havuzunda yer alan kelimeler birbirleriyle ilişkilendirilerek kümeleme analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışma sürecinde, ülkemizde yazılan etik kod ile ilgili makale sayısının yeterli olmadığı ve mevcut makalelerden bazılarının farklı kavramlarla ifade edilerek etik kod konusunda kavram karmaşasının olduğu görülmüştür.

Identification of Key Adaptation Practices adopted by Wheat Growing Farmers of Punjab, Pakistan: A Qualitative Approach

Climate change has now become a subject of concern for the whole world especially for developing countries. According to Global Climate Risk Index (GCRI) 2021, Pakistan lies at eight number amongst top ten countries of world which are facing severe impacts of climatic changes. Climate change has serious repercussions on the agriculture sector of Pakistan. Mitigation and Adaptation are considered to be options by climate change experts to counter negative impacts of climate change. By keeping above in view, the objective of this study was to identify adaptation practices adopted by farmers in Punjab, Pakistan. The Primary data was used and collected through qualitative data collection techniques i.e. In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Based on the research plan, five IDIs were conducted with experts related to agriculture sector and with farmers of study area. Further, five FGDs were conducted in five selected districts of the study area. Based upon discussions with experts and with local farmers, key adaptation practices adopted by majority of farmers were: Rice crop residues incorporation, Change in sowing time, sowing method for wheat crop (Broadcast, Ridge sowing), certified seed varieties of wheat, change of seed rate, deep ploughing using chisel plough, laser land levelling (LLL), application of potash, changing the number of irrigations, application of farm yard manure (FYM), drainage of water from field (pumps or other means) and use of weather forecasting. NVivo qualitative data analysis software was used to depict this qualitative discussion into two types of structures i.e., Word Tree and Word Cloud.

Developing The Educational Game Tool to Improve Reading Ability of Early Childhood

This research aims to developing the educational game tool (word tree) to improve reading ability of early childhood. This is research used Borg & Gall model and has been modified with six steps, they are potential and problem, data collection, product design, design validation, resign revision, and usage trial. The subject is 5-6 years old children in RA Babul Ilmi Rantauparapat. The instrument used is validation questionnaire sheet. Data analysis technique is formulation of mean score percentage and gain score. The research result showed that: (1) the development of educational game too (word tree) is very worthy to be used to improve reading children of 5-6 years old children; and (2) educational game tool (word tree) developed has high level of effectiveness in improving reading ability of 5-6 years old children. This research suggest to the readers, teachers and other researchers to be creative and innovative in designing learning activity, which one of them is developing the product giving real contribution for their students’ ability. This research developed educational game tool in form of word tree that did not only improve children’s reading ability but also create happiness to learn.

AN EXPLORATORY STUDY TO ANALYZE THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROFITABILITY OF PAKISTANI ISLAMIC BANKS DUE TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC BASED ON TOE THEORY

The current study utilized the qualitative approach to explore the profitability of Islamic banks after the pandemic of Covid-19. Open-ended semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect data from Pakistani Islamic banks in Punjab district Sahiwal. Respondents were mainly the Islamic bank’s operational managers and business managers. The study identified various factors which emerged due to the pandemic and directly affected Islamic banking profitability. Technological factors such as E-banking and digital banking developed faster in Pakistan and positively impacted Islamic banking profitability. Whereas environmental factors such as lockdowns and organizational factors, including policies and deregulations, impact the profitability of the Islamic banking sector. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo12, tag cloud, word tree map, and the hierarchical chart were reported based on technological, organizational, and environmental (TOE) theory. The factors identified provide guidelines for managers and practitioners working in Islamic banks in Pakistan to improve profitability. Keywords: technological, organizational, environmental, TOE theory, Islamic banks, profitability, Pakistan.

“I Don't Have a Gun Stop Shooting”: Rhetorical Analysis of Law Enforcement Use of Force Policy Documents

<italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Background</b></i> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">:</i> Under the Fourth Amendment to the US Constitution, law enforcement agencies are required to draft and uphold a Use of Force document to safeguard the rights of the public. This document, in its most successful form, defines use of force and offers specific core principles that outline de-escalation tactics and techniques to reinforce use of force and deadly force as a last resort. What is missing from the conversation of this policy is an analysis of the rhetorical choices within each document, and the understanding that these documents are rarely written with social justice in mind; rather, they are focused on legalese and protecting the individual departments and the police officer responsible for using force. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Literature review</b></i> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">:</i> The Use of Force document is a genre of policy that academics have been drawn to, especially in consideration of social justice. With a rise in law enforcement violent interactions with historically marginalized groups of the public, policy analysis is necessary. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Research questions</b></i> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">:</i> 1. What key terms, concepts, and narratives are used within each document to reinforce oppressive ideology? 2. What rhetorical moves give agency of force to officers through various terminology? 3. What does an analysis of these policy documents reveal for technical and professional communicators regarding our role in social-justice-driven work? <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Research methods</b></i> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">:</i> I performed a rhetorical analysis of each document, pinpointing words, phrases, and sections that were unique to the specific text. NVivo qualitative research software was used to create word trees, where word frequencies were analyzed to uncover each department's situational position and the implication of such. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Results and discussion</b></i> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">:</i> The analysis revealed that of the two documents under review, one tended to humanize not only the situational officer, who is incapable of being neutral, and the person whom force is being used against. The other tended to reflect policy-driven terminology that works to dehumanize the person involved with the officer and continues to uphold oppressive rhetoric. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><b>Conclusion</b></i> <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">:</i> Technical communicators have a responsibility to insert themselves in issues of injustice. An analysis of these policy documents reveals areas of revision, areas where the public should be involved, and is a move toward further accountability regarding police brutality against historically marginalized communities.

Cyber Security: A Review of Cyber Crimes, Security Challenges and Measures to Control

The proliferation of the Internet’s interconnections has led to a substantial increase in cyberattack incidents, often with devastating and grave consequences for the organizations and their associated clientele. The pandemic of COVID-19 has pushed most organizations towards digital transformation. The higher dependence of a firm on digital infrastructure makes it more vulnerable to cyber-crimes. The existing literature suggests that the most notable and frequently chosen weapons of attackers are Internet of things (IoT) attacks, phishing attack, malware attack, distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack and structured query language (SQL) injection attack. In this study, an attempt has been made to generate a protection framework from these cyberattacks. In doing so, the present research has adopted a systematic stepwise process of investigation. The research method consists of four components. First, through bibliometric analysis in VOSviewer, authors identified the scope for searching the related literature published worldwide and generated visualization for comprehension. This step led to the selection of 60 research articles for further analysis. After that, each security threat’s MAXQDA software word tree was developed, representing its linkages with possible security solutions and control measures. Lastly, they adopted expert elicitation protocol through semi-structured interviews with six corporate IT experts and five academic experts. The synthesis of information gathered leads to the development of a suggestive protection framework for the organizations.

A Word Visualization Observation: The Hidden Meaning of the Words in Work Environments

The aim of this study is to illustrate and semantically explain how the visualization of words is helpful to create word trees, showing the connection between various, synonym words and to explore the hidden meanings behind each word in the tree, particularly to provide a true message in work environments. To do this, the authors have chosen one main word “lying” and two connected, synonymous words to it “fabrication” and “prevarication”. The words have been chosen spontaneously, by considering their employment in communications, particularly in work environments. To uncover the variety and implication of these words the study is divided into two sections: a short secondary data collection and an observational part. The short literature review accomplished by a secondary data collection highlights the importance of word visualization through different methods and tools through communications in, particularly, workplaces. And the observations in the methodology bring complimentary proof after the secondary data collection. With the use of word visualizations such as mind maps and word clouds, this study illustrates the further importance of word visualizations which opens new perspectives upon other words for diverse studies and fields as seen in the glossary, a dictionary of the words, employed in Picture 1 which is provided as an example of source presentation for future works in similar studies.

AI Augmented Approach to Identify Shared Ideas from Large Format Public Consultation

Public data, contributed by citizens, stakeholders and other potentially affected parties, are becoming increasingly used to collect the shared ideas of a wider community. Having collected large quantities of text data from public consultation, the challenge is often how to interpret the dataset without resorting to lengthy time-consuming manual analysis. One approach gaining ground is the use of Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies. Based on machine learning technology applied to analysis of human natural languages, NLP provides the opportunity to automate data analysis for large volumes of texts at a scale that would be virtually impossible to analyse manually. Using NLP toolkits, this paper presents a novel approach for identifying and visualising shared ideas from large format public consultation. The approach analyses grammatical structures of public texts to discover shared ideas from sentences comprising subject + verb + object and verb + object that express public options. In particular, the shared ideas are identified by extracting noun, verb, adjective phrases and clauses from subjects and objects, which are then categorised by urban infrastructure categories and terms. The results are visualised in a hierarchy chart and a word tree using cascade and tree views. The approach is illustrated using data collected from a public consultation exercise called “Share an Idea” undertaken in Christchurch, New Zealand, after the 2011 earthquake. The approach has the potential to upscale public participation to identify shared design values and associated qualities for a wide range of public initiatives including urban planning.

Mapping Usability Heuristics to Medical Ethical Principles in Clinical Decision Support Design

Human factors professionals voice concerns about the slow and uneven adoption of human-centered design (HCD) principles in healthcare. With good intentions and best efforts, human factors work in healthcare continues, but to understand and to be understood we must share a language that speaks to one another. One way to facilitate this understanding is by bringing attention to how we talk about decision-making approaches in medical ethics and HCD. Both disciplines suggest efforts should be participatory, guided by a set of principles applied thoughtfully, with critical consideration to context and trade-offs. Considering the connections between usability heuristics for design and medical ethical principles may offer a bridge between disciplines and their associated dialects. In this paper, we provide three representations mapping ethical principles to design principles, including usability heuristics: a word tree visualization, narrative passages, and a table format. We believe this mapping demonstrates both that ethical design is inherently human-centric and that human-centered design is ethical design.

English Phrase Speech Recognition Based on Continuous Speech Recognition Algorithm and Word Tree Constraints

This paper combines domestic and international research results to analyze and study the difference between the attribute features of English phrase speech and noise to enhance the short-time energy, which is used to improve the threshold judgment sensitivity; noise addition to the discrepancy data set is used to enhance the recognition robustness. The backpropagation algorithm is improved to constrain the range of weight variation, avoid oscillation phenomenon, and shorten the training time. In the real English phrase sound recognition system, there are problems such as massive training data and low training efficiency caused by the super large-scale model parameters of the convolutional neural network. To address these problems, the NWBP algorithm is based on the oscillation phenomenon that tends to occur when searching for the minimum error value in the late training period of the network parameters, using the K-MEANS algorithm to obtain the seed nodes that approach the minimal error value, and using the boundary value rule to reduce the range of weight change to reduce the oscillation phenomenon so that the network error converges as soon as possible and improve the training efficiency. Through simulation experiments, the NWBP algorithm improves the degree of fitting and convergence speed in the training of complex convolutional neural networks compared with other algorithms, reduces the redundant computation, and shortens the training time to a certain extent, and the algorithm has the advantage of accelerating the convergence of the network compared with simple networks. The word tree constraint and its efficient storage structure are introduced, which improves the storage efficiency of the word tree constraint and the retrieval efficiency in the English phrase recognition search.

Topic Modeling of the Research Papers' Citation Contexts: a Structure of an Author's Research Consumption

Citation contexts from research papers, as a rule, contain information about the reasons and the character of using the cited research outputs. By extracting this information from the citation contexts, one can create different data sets for scientometric studies. The paper systematizes general possibilities of using data from the citation contexts for the development of the author-citation network analysis. As one of applications, the paper presents an approach to constructing the thematic structure of a research consumption based on topic modelling of the citation contexts from researchers papers. The thematic structure features built in the forms of a "word tree" and a flowchart are discussed. Possible directions of development of this approach are considered. The proposed thematic structure of the research consumption is a promising new data source for both scientometric studies and creation of new research services.

Return on time investment: Research resources

Return on time investment: Research resources

An Analysis of Scientific Articles on Science Misconceptions: A Bibliometric Research

The aim of the study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the published articles related to science misconceptions. For this purpose, bibliometric analyses have been carried out with 859 articles published in physics, chemistry, and biology education between 1986 and 2019. The articles have been obtained through Web of Science Core Collection database using “science misconceptions” keyword and the tendencies in the last 33 years are presented. The selected articles were put through bibliometric analysis to identify the results for the annual distributions of the articles; the average citation scores; the list of the journals that published the highest number of related articles; the list of the authors that had published the highest number of related articles; the citation burst scores of the authors; the scientific productivity of the countries of the authors; the articles that were cited at the highest rates; collaboration networks; and their patterns that were obtained through text mining methods of word cloud and word tree. The results indicate that there has been an increase in the interest in science misconceptions after 2010. The journal that has the highest number of publications on the issue is found to be Journal of Science Education while David F. Treagust is identified to have the highest number of articles published on the topic so far. The article that has been cited the highest is Furtak’s article published in 2012. The findings also show that Korea and China are the countries that are open to collaboration the most and that the most frequently used keywords are determined to be “science” and “students”. The results are meant to guide researchers in the field in their future studies

Образ дерева в «Колымских рассказах» Варлама Шаламова и в их переводах на итальянский язык

This paper aims to analyze the metaphorical meaning of phytonyms in Russian and Italian languages and the Russian-Italian version of Shalamov’s literary text. After analyzing the author’s style, we examined the thematic group of phytonyms and their use in the “Kolyma tales.” We divided trees into two categories: 1. plants - the main characters represented by a system of metaphors; 2. plants occurring once or twice in the tales and in a neutral way (even having significant meanings in the Russian culture). The phytometaphor of the stlanik (dwarf cedar), from the first category, is a leitmotif in almost all Shalamov’s works, especially in the “Kolyma tales” and in the “Kolyma notebooks,” where the phytonym has a complex symbolic meaning characteristic of the word tree in general (life, green, wood) but also linked to the author’s view of the world. In Shalamov’s works, the tree reflects not only the picture of the northern nature but also takes on special meanings more related to the prisoner and his physical and psychological characteristics. Thanks to Shalamov, the lexeme stlanik was introduced into the Russian linguistic view of the world. Also, the analysis of the adequate interpretation of this keyword in the translations of the “Kolyma tales” into Italian revealed that when the translation contains a description of parts of this phytonym, for example, branches, the metaphor of the original text is sometimes lost in the translation.

Extracting Effective Image Attributes with Refined Universal Detection.

Recently, image attributes containing high-level semantic information have been widely used in computer vision tasks, including visual recognition and image captioning. Existing attribute extraction methods map visual concepts to the probabilities of frequently-used words by directly using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Typically, two main problems exist in those methods. First, words of different parts of speech (POSs) are handled in the same way, but non-nominal words can hardly be mapped to visual regions through CNNs only. Second, synonymous nominal words are treated as independent and different words, in which similarities are ignored. In this paper, a novel Refined Universal Detection (RUDet) method is proposed to solve these two problems. Specifically, a Refinement (RF) module is designed to extract refined attributes of non-nominal words based on the attributes of nominal words and visual features. In addition, a Word Tree (WT) module is constructed to integrate synonymous nouns, which ensures that similar words hold similar and more accurate probabilities. Moreover, a Feature Enhancement (FE) module is adopted to enhance the ability to mine different visual concepts in different scales. Experiments conducted on the large-scale Microsoft (MS) COCO dataset illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Visualizing the evolution and landscape of socio-economic impact research

One of the vital tasks to advance a specific line of research is synthesizing past research findings. Supplementing former quantitative and qualitative assessments of socio-economic impact research; an under-represented area, this study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of related articles. By means of co-citation and co-occurrence analyses, a bibliometric survey will give an alternate perspective by depicting the landscape and changing the path of socio-economic impact research over time. Utilizing the scientific visualization instrument VOSviewer and statistical software tool R, 2894 socio-economic impact works gathered from the Scopus database from 1965 to 2019. We used text mining techniques and presented major contents in the form of a conceptual structure map, word tree map, and word clouds. With a quantitative scientometric method, a historic and notable setting of research on socio-economic impact was provided, enabling us to follow the advancement of the field along with distinguishing the most productive authors, journals, institutions, and countries. We identified and envision the landscape of socio-economic research and track how this landscape has advanced. USA and UK are the prominent leaders in publications, although at a regional level most productive is Europe. Journal of Cleaner production, Climatic Change, and Plos One are the most influential and productive journals in the field. The insights of knowledge accumulated from a bibliometric review after mapping the landscape will give scholars an efficient comprehension of the advancement of the socio-economic impact field and a guide to further progress socio-economic impact research literature.

“Trump Shit Goes into Overdrive”: Tracing Trump on 4chan/pol/

“Trump Shit Goes into Overdrive”: Tracing Trump on 4chan/pol/

Examining Bilingual Language Control Using the Stroop Task.

The Stroop task in its many variations has been used in fields such as psychology, linguistics, and neuroscience to examine questions regarding the automaticity of reading, language processing, and cognitive control, among others. When looking at bilingual individuals, this task can be used to obtain measures of language interference and control in both a bilingual's first language (L1) and second language (L2), as well as for testing the bilingual advantage hypothesis. The Stroop task presents participants with color terms written in congruent colors (e.g., the word RED written in red font), incongruent colors (e.g., the word RED written in green font), in addition to noncolor terms for control (e.g., the word TREE presented in any color), and uses the reaction times from the different conditions to assess the degree of interference and facilitation. In the covert version of the Stroop bilingual task (i.e., participants respond by pressing a button rather than naming aloud), stimuli in the L1 and the L2 are typically presented in separate blocks. While this allows for a simple, yet effective assessment of processing and cognitive control in each language, it fails to capture any potential differences in processing and control within bilingual young adult groups. The present task combines single-language blocks with a novel mixed-language block to increase the level of difficulty of the task, thus making it suitable for testing cognitive control in young adults. Representative results showing differences between performance in the single-language vs. mixed-language blocks are presented, and the benefits of a mixed-language block are discussed.

A preliminary investigation of dispositional affect, the P300, and sentence processing

We examined whether dispositional affect modulated the relation between sentence processing and the P300 Event Related Potential (ERP) component. We used sentence stimuli from our previous study, where sentences started with subject nouns that were quantified e.g., Every kid… or not, as in The kid…, and continued with a direct object which was either singular, as in a tree, or plural the trees. In this Stroop-like task, participants read sentences presented in 1- and 2-word chunks, and were asked to identify the number of words on the screen at the target word tree(s), which was always presented alone (and never sentence-final). We replicated previous findings of a P300 effect, at the target tree(s), however, actual by-condition effects differed from previous work. Of interest, clear individual differences were apparent. Participants with relatively lower Positive Affect scores (as measured by the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS), showed differential P300 responses to the control condition, Every/The kid climbed the tree. Thus, the present ERP findings demonstrate that dispositional affect modulated P300 effects. These findings suggest that, rather than relying on global heuristic cues for sentence meaning interpretation, these participants may be differentially sensitive to local (grammatical) cues which signify task relevance. We discuss our results in terms of theories of positive affect, where less positive individuals are differentially sensitive to local (grammatical) information.