Word Games Research Articles

Development of Learning Media for Sprechen A2 Course Based on Traditional Games of North Sumatra

The development of learning media in this research is part of the development of Sprechen A2 learning tools based on the case method and team-based project. The development model used is the Richey and Klein (2007) development model with planning, development, and evaluation stages. This research produced five sets of vocabulary cards played in groups. This game trains vocabulary mastery according to the A2 theme and sentence formation. The development results were reviewed by experts and given input. The results of the expert review stated that the developed game cards are suitable for use with a score of 92 or with a category of excellent. This result indicates that the word game cards are suitable for use. Expert input regarding adding vocabulary sets will be carried out as further development. The game cards are then played alternately in the Sprechen A2 learning class according to the discussion theme. At the end of the learning process, a questionnaire was distributed to students to determine their response to the use of game cards. The questionnaire contains five questions, all answered with 100% agreement. This means that the student response is positive and worthy of further development

DictPrompt: Comprehensive dictionary-integrated prompt tuning for pre-trained language model

The textual semantics contained in the PLM (Pre-trained Language Model) is constrained by the text distribution in the original training corpus. Due to the lack of sufficient contextual training corpus, the low-frequency word representations in the PLM often have difficulty capturing their actual semantics. Previous research has shown that using semantic information from dictionaries can alleviate this problem. Unfortunately, these works neglected the infinite potential of example sentences from different target words with various meanings. To re-explore methods for enhancing PLM using the dictionary, we propose a novel Comprehensive Dictionary-based tuning approach integrating the latest Prompt learning (DictPrompt). We first collect a dataset based on the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English Dictionary. Then, we designed a set of comprehensive prompt templates with the corpus combining the word, the definition, and its example sentence. Finally, we insert a word game training task between pre-training and fine-tuning using these templates, allowing the model to inject more semantic information into PLM. We test our Dictprompt tuning method on three commonly used PLMs. The testing results on five fine-grained semantic tasks show that our dictionary-based secondary tuning can bring additional gains to the model’s performance. The best accuracy improves 3.09% on average with our tuning on the WiC task and 7.93% on the WSC task. We also plot the sentence embedding scatters of polysemy words. Our method can smooth the decision boundary and help the model output more distinguishable embedding. The code is available at https://github.com/xbdxwyh/Dictprompt.

Analisis Campur Kode Pada Lirik Lagu “By My Side” Dipopulerkan Oleh Maudy Ayunda Dan David Choi

Song lyrics are a series of words that form a song, consisting of several stanzas, refrains or choruses. Forming song lyrics is not as easy as compiling an essay, but it can be obtained in the form of one's expression such as experiences that have been experienced, things that have been seen or heard, and various inspirations. The writer will express his experience by doing word games and language so as to create interest and distinctiveness in the lyrics or verses. This research is qualitative research and uses qualitative descriptive methods, namely interpreting and describing data. The main object of his research was the song "By My Side" composed by David Choi and Dewi Dee Lestari. Using suposive sampling techniques, trianggulation of data and theory, descriptive analysis techniques and data collection, by reading and recording them.. Aims to know what languages are used and what message to convey. The result is that the code mix contained in the lyrics of the song is mix the code inward, which is Indonesian, and mix the code out, which is English.

Study on the Visual Color Texture Representation and Application of Knitted Garments

This template analyzes the expression of the color texture in knitted garment, including 2d (plane/two-dimensional) texture,3d(three-dimensional) texture, and the matching form of the texture and fabric. Enumerated the creative representation of the texture, including the interlacing and balance of lightness and purity, the word games, the concave-convex space, the independent harmony and the collocation of the color texture. It can enrich the content of knitted garment design and endow the knitted garment with the unique aesthetic perception. What’s more, according to this can broaden design thinking and this paper provides reference for the development and design of knitted garments.

The Influence of Guess Word Game Media on Mastery of Mufrodat Arabic

Dalam proses penguasaan mufrodat masih kurang dalam hal pemahaman, ketepatan pengucapan (mahraj), kepercayaan diri. Banyak siswa yang merasa jenuh dan kurang semangat dalam belajar bahasa Arab. Untuk peneliti mengguanakn media yang dapat menumbuhkan semangat dan pemahaman dalam belajar penguasaan mufrodat yaitu dengan menggunakan media permainan tebaka kata. Adapun teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dokumetasi, tes, dan angket. Hasil penelitian ini adalah: penerapan media permainan tebak kata terhadap penguasaan mufrodat bahasa Arab memberikan dampak positif, yaitu dapat meningkatkan antusias dan peran aktif siswa dalam belajar, sehingga medi pembelajran ini sesuai untuk diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran bahasa Arab, khusunya penguasaan mufrodat, berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, maka hasilnya adalah 1,078. Dan d.b yaitu N-1 23-1=22. Adapun tabel T tes yang menggunakan one grup desaign mengacu pada tingkat angka signitifkan 0,05 yaitu 1,7171 pada taraf 0,05%. Oleh karena itu penelitian menunjukkan ada pengaruh yang signitifkan dari pengaruh media permainan tebak kata terhadap penguasan mufrodat bahasa Arab siswa.

The Influence of Guess Word Game Media on Mastery of Mufrodat Arabic

For researchers to use media that can foster enthusiasm and understanding in lerarning mufrodat mastery, namely by using the media of guessing games. The data colletion techniques in this study were interviews, observations, dokumentstion, test, and questionnaires. The result of this study are: the application of the word guessing game media to mastery of Arabic mufrodat has a positive impact, namely it can increase students enthusiasm and active role in learning, so that this learning media is suiteble to be implementen in learning Arabic, especially mastery of mufrodat, based on calculation result, the result is 1.078. and d.b = N-1 23-1=22. The T test table using one grup desaign refers to a significant number level of 0,05, namely 1,7171 at a level of 0,05%. Threfore the research shows that there is a significant influence of the influence of the word guessing game media on students Arabic mufrodat mastery.

Lived Experiences Among Grade 10 Students in Playing 4 Pics 1 Word for Vocabulary Learning

This qualitative study unraveled the lived experiences among Grade-10 (Wisdom) Students of Tuyan National High School in playing the mobile word game 4 Pics 1 Word. The data were gathered through one-on-one interviews using researcher-made questionnaires and analyzed using the Braun and Clarke (2006) six-phase framework for doing thematic analysis, particularly semantic and latent approaches. Based on the findings of the study, the themes that emerged from the students' responses were: challenged, engaged, enhanced critical thinking skills, and increased vocabulary skills which show that students have varied learning experiences. Moreover, the study found that the students’ experiences in playing the word game helped them develop an interest in learning new words, increase their self-confidence in expressing themselves, improved analyzation skills, and improved reading comprehension skills. This implies that their gamified learning experience helped them improve their vocabulary skills and attitudes toward learning vocabulary. Further, this study concludes that gamified learning, surrogated with image presentations, is lucrative to students' experiences in learning vocabulary thus gamified teaching of vocabulary should be imposed.

Permainan Kata Berpasangan Efektif Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis Bahasa Indonesia Kelas X SMA Negeri 9 Tangerang

The use of di and ke both as prefixes or prepositions in Indonesian is unavoidable. However, students often make mistakes when writing them. The lack of understanding of the difference in writing between prefixes and prepositions is the reason for this. The use of the paired word game method aims to improve students' writing skills. This research is a class action research. CAR includes four phases, namely planning, action, evaluation and reflection. CAR is carried out using two cycles. The results of research on students' abilities in learning to write text Observation Reports of class SMA Negeri 9 Tangerang have increased. The results of the evaluation of the first cycle when using paired word games showed an increase in category A (86-100) 27%, category B (75-85) 6%. The results of the evaluation of the second cycle increased even more so that category A increased to 61%, and category B increased to 39%. There were no more students with grades in categories C, D, and E. Thus it can be said that all students succeeded in achieving scores of more than 75. From the implementation of the 2 cycles, it can be concluded that learning using word games in pairs can improve students' writing skills.

Word Game Modeling Using Character-Level N-Gram and Statistics

Word games are one of the most essential factors of vocabulary learning and matching letters to form words for children aged 5–12. These games help children to improve letter and word recognition, memory-building, and vocabulary retention skills. Since Uzbek is a low-resource language, there has not been enough research into designing word games for the Uzbek language. In this paper, we develop two models for designing the cubic-letter game, also known as the matching-letter game, in the Uzbek language, consisting of a predefined number of cubes, with a letter on each side of each six-sided cube, and word cards to form words using a combination of the cubes. More precisely, we provide the opportunity to form as many words as possible from the dataset, while minimizing the number of cubes. The proposed methods were created using a combination of a character-level n-gram model and letter position frequency in words at the level of vowels and consonants. To perform the experiments, a novel dataset, consisting of 4.5 k 3–5 letter words, was created by filtering based on child age groups for the Uzbek language, and three more datasets were generated, based on the support of experts for the Russian, English, and Slovenian languages. Experimental evaluations showed that both models achieved good results in terms of average coverage. In particular, the Vowel Priority (VL) approach obtained reasonably high coverage with 95.9% in Uzbek, 96.8% in English, and 94.2% in the Slovenian language in the case of eight cubes, based on the five-fold cross-validation method. Both models covered around 85% of five letter words in Uzbek, English, and Slovenian datasets, while this coverage was even higher (99%) in three letter words in the case of eight cubes.

Laugh Lines: Humor, Genre, and Political Critique in Late Twentieth-Century American Poetry

Laugh Lines: Humor, Genre, and Political Critique in Late Twentieth-Century American Poetry

How is the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian War Being Portrayed in China?

China has a complicated relationship with Russia who used to be Soviet Union. Recently, Xi Jinping has aligned closely with Putin. As Russias friend, in the 2022 Russo-Ukrainian war, does China support Russia, standing the opposite of the world? Chinas official attitude can be ambiguous, but what is the real attitude? What are mass peoples attitudes in China? Therefore, this paper studies from the Minister of Foreign Affairs and the mass peoples comments to figure out Chinas real attitude behind the word games.

Game of Words for Cognitive Test Results in Class 2 Citizenship Education Learning in Elementary Schools

This researcher in the background of the facts in the field that class II SDN Pejangkungan there are some students have difficulty with intellectual ability. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the use of the game of greeting words on the results of cognitive tests in learning civics class II in elementary school. This study uses quantitative experimental research methods with nonequivalent control group design. The results of hypothesis testing using paired sample T - Test t-Test obtained the value of the count of cognitive test results = 11.235> ttable 2.045. So it can be concluded that there is an influence on the media of word games and letter cards to the results of cognitive tests in learning PKN Class II in elementary school.

Mind-stimulating leisure activities: Prospective associations with health, wellbeing, and longevity.

This study examines prospective associations within a 6-year perspective between three mind-stimulating leisure activities (relaxed and solitary: reading; serious and solitary: doing number and word games; serious and social: playing cards and games) and 21 outcomes in (1) physical health, (2) wellbeing, (3) daily life functioning, (4) cognitive impairment, and (5) longevity domains. Data were obtained from 19,821 middle-aged and older adults from 15 countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Temporal associations were obtained using generalized estimating equations. All models were controlled for prior sociodemographic, personality, lifestyle factors, health behaviors, and pre-baseline leisure activity values and all outcome variables. The Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing. E-values were calculated to examine the sensitivity of the associations to unmeasured confounding. Secondary analyses (1) under the complete case scenario, (2) after excluding respondents with health conditions, and (3) using a limited set of covariates were conducted to provide evidence for the robustness of the results. The relaxed solitary activity of reading almost daily was prospectively associated with a lower risk of depression, experiencing pain, daily functioning limitations, cognitive impairment, lower loneliness scores, and more favorable wellbeing outcomes. Engaging in serious solitary leisure activities almost daily was prospectively associated with a lower risk of depression, feeling full of energy, and a lower risk of death by any cause. Occasionally engaging in these activities was prospectively associated with greater optimism and a lower risk of cognitive impairment. Engaging in serious social activities was prospectively associated with greater happiness, lower scores on the loneliness scale, a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease, and an increased risk of cancer. Additionally, occasionally engaging in serious social activities was associated with greater optimism and lower risk of depression, pain, and mobility limitations. These associations were independent of demographics, socioeconomic status, personality, history of diseases, and prior lifestyle. The sensitivity analyses provided substantial evidence for the robustness of these associations. Mind-engaging leisure activities can be considered a health and wellbeing resource. Practitioners may consider them tools that help middle-aged and older adults maintain their health and quality of life.

Socio-cultural perception of robot backchannels.

Introduction: Backchannels, i.e., short interjections by an interlocutor to indicate attention, understanding or agreement regarding utterances by another conversation participant, are fundamental in human-human interaction. Lack of backchannels or if they have unexpected timing or formulation may influence the conversation negatively, as misinterpretations regarding attention, understanding or agreement may occur. However, several studies over the years have shown that there may be cultural differences in how backchannels are provided and perceived and that these differences may affect intercultural conversations. Culturally aware robots must hence be endowed with the capability to detect and adapt to the way these conversational markers are used across different cultures. Traditionally, culture has been defined in terms of nationality, but this is more and more considered to be a stereotypic simplification. We therefore investigate several socio-cultural factors, such as the participants' gender, age, first language, extroversion and familiarity with robots, that may be relevant for the perception of backchannels. Methods: We first cover existing research on cultural influence on backchannel formulation and perception in human-human interaction and on backchannel implementation in Human-Robot Interaction. We then present an experiment on second language spoken practice, in which we investigate how backchannels from the social robot Furhat influence interaction (investigated through speaking time ratios and ethnomethodology and multimodal conversation analysis) and impression of the robot (measured by post-session ratings). The experiment, made in a triad word game setting, is focused on if activity-adaptive robot backchannels may redistribute the participants' speaking time ratio, and/or if the participants' assessment of the robot is influenced by the backchannel strategy. The goal is to explore how robot backchannels should be adapted to different language learners to encourage their participation while being perceived as socio-culturally appropriate. Results: We find that a strategy that displays more backchannels towards a less active speaker may substantially decrease the difference in speaking time between the two speakers, that different socio-cultural groups respond differently to the robot's backchannel strategy and that they also perceive the robot differently after the session. Discussion: We conclude that the robot may need different backchanneling strategies towards speakers from different socio-cultural groups in order to encourage them to speak and have a positive perception of the robot.

The Effect Of Random Word Games In Improving English Vocabulary Students At Seventh Grade Of SMP Negeri 2 Pancarijang

The purpose of this study was determined whether the use of random word games could improved the ability of SMP N 2 Pancarijang students in vocabulary and whether students are interested in the method of this game. This study uses a mixed research method that was a quantitative research. The population of this study was seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Pancarijang in the 2018-2019 academic year. The total population was 87 students consisting of 4 classes. Class VII3 was taken as a sample using cluster sampling techniques, the total number of samples was 24. The instruments used in this study were vocabulary tests.
 The results of this study indicate that the pre-test got an average score (29.28) while the post-test got an average score (58.85). This shows that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test. The p-value (0,000) is lower than the significant level (alpha (α) = 0.05). This means H1 was accepted. This study concluded that vocabulary teaching using the random word game improved students' ability to master vocabulary mastery in seventh grade students of SMP N 2 Pancarijang.

Фразеологізація інтернет-мемів

The article analyzes modern Internet memes, which, due to their precedent, are able to be phraseologized in mass communication. Memes are considered intertextual polycode units that arise as a verbalized reflection on the dynamic development of events and actively function in the virtual media space. It has been proven that the language of Internet memes is built on irony and sarcasm using stylistic puns and "word games", oxymorons and gradation techniques, as well as aphorisms, precedent quotes, established constructions. A special emphasis is placed on war memes, which are characterized, in our opinion, by a set of primary features: (a) a catchy word, expression, verbal / non-verbal sign must be precedents; (b) spontaneity in appearance; (c) flexibility to modifications in order to interpret different events and phenomena; (d) appeal to the background knowledge of recipients; (e) semantic unity in form and content; (e) reproduction of cultural memory and response to the digital challenges of modernity. All this enables Internet memes in language communication to phraseologize and be able to be widely replicated in the information space. It is emphasized that communicators can independently create Internet memes and distribute them on their own media resources, which emphasizes the ability of memes to be constantly modified. For illustrative material, we turned to the information of the "Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online" (SUCHO) portal, which has more than 10,000 memes as cultural markers of Ukraine. Having analyzed the memes of 2023, we can state that most Internet memes are precedent phenomena of the modern media space, and therefore have the ability to phraseologize. Therefore, Internet memes are a powerful source of new phraseology, have the ability to stylistically transform and help to strengthen the impression of a relevant informational message.

Switching to the Ukrainian language as a factor of hystorical memory restoration (on the example of Volodymyr Rafieienko’s novel “Mondegreen”)

The article focuses on the language and artistic senses of the novel “Mondegreen. Songs about Deaths and Love” by Volodymyr Rafieienko. The author was born in Donetsk; by 2014, he used to write his books in the Russian language, had them published in Moscow publishing houses, and was honored with prestigious Russian literary awards. In 2014, after Donetsk got occupied by the Russian troops, Rafieienko moved to Kyiv and switched from Russian to Ukrainian as the main idiom of his creative self-expression. “Mondegreen” is the writer’s first novel that he wrote in Ukrainian; therefore, numerous language and psycholinguistic transformations, depicted in the book, are of great interest to both readers and linguists. The article analyzes the main features of the novel’s language, particularly the usage of synonymic lines, specifications, quotations, word games regarding the characters’ names and toponyms, etc. In the main protagonist’s memories, the landscape of his native Donbas remains nameless. It visibly contrasts with the depiction of Kyiv: there, all the places that the character visits have their modern names, including local districts, streets, shops, and cafes. It is a symbolic representation of the refugee’s small homeland — the territory alienated from the est of the state by enemies’ aggression and disappearing from the map of Ukraine. The novel’s main storyline relates to the new linguistic and historical experience that Habinsky (the author’s alterego) acquires thanks to the Ukrainian language. Therefore, this research sheds light on the dominant idea of the novel: it demonstrates the importance of the mother tongue in the restoration of the individual’s connection with their ancestors, especially in the context of the nation’s historical memory and Ukrainians’ tragic experience during the 20th century. Keywords: code-switching, word play, citation, linguistic memory, historical memory.

Using Scrabble Word Game to Improve Students' Vocabulary Mastery

This research was conducted using the Classroom Action Research method, which was conducted to describe the application of the scrabble game to improve the vocabulary of the first graders of SMPN1 Bahorok. Classroom Action Research Method (CAR) is a method used to solve students' problems in learning English, especially vocabulary. The Kemmis and McTaggart design used in this study, which consisted of four stages; planning; action; observation; and reflection on each cycle. To support the research results, two types of data were collected; Qualitative data obtained from observations, teacher and student interviews. As for quantitative data, data from tests; pre-test and post-test. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively and statistical analysis to determine the final result of the application of the scrabble game on the student learning process in Classroom Action Research (CAR). The results of this study indicate that the use of scrabble games for vocabulary learning in class I SMPN 1 Bahorok is said to be effective and can help students increase vocabulary. Student responses indicate that students are interested in learning English because students find the activity interesting. Simultaneously, student achievement obtained from the pre-test and post-test showed a significant increase. The mean score of the pre-test students was 56.42 while the average score of the post-test students was 74.82, an increase of 18.4. From these results, it can be concluded that teaching vocabulary using scrabble games in grade I SMPN1 Bahorok is effective and can increase students' vocabulary

Using word cross game to impprove students’ vocabulary learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta

This research was conducted at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Yogyakarta. Based on the experience during the teaching practicum, it was identified that students still got problem with their vocabulary. It caused them afraid to speak English and feeling embarrassed if the word or sentence they conveyed was wrong. They also have little effort to read or look up the dictionary to know the new words. In addition, students easily got bored when learning in a conventional way. There is a problem in learning vocabulary. Based on those problems, classroom action research was conducted with two objectives: to describe the increase of students’ interest and vocabulary mastery taught using the word cross game. The subject of the research was a class consisting of 21 students. To collect the data, observation, test, and interview were done. Mixed methods were used to analyzed the data. The research was conducted in two cycles. Each cycle followed the steps of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research findings revealed that the students’ interest in learning increased. They stated that learning using cross word games is fun and exciting. The other finding revealed the increase in vocabulary mastery. It was shown by the increase in score from 54.6 in post test of cycle one to 79.14 in the post test of cycle 2. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of word cross game improved the students’ vocabulary learning.

Humor Motivation and Language Aspects in the Captain Rocking Ship Movie By Raymond Handaya

The purpose of this research is to find out and describe motivations the humor act and technique, as well as linguistic aspets in the Kapal Goyang Kapten movie. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with the technique of observing and taking notes. The results of this research are unitended humor and intended humor. But, the result that dominated is intended humor. The technique is dominated by ridicule, namely humorous techniques that are intentional and usually aim to ridicule, riddle, and so on. The linguistic aspects found in this study are reasoning as a support for humor, word game puzzles, and phonological word games.