Word Formation Research Articles

Framework Proposal: A Semantic Feature Analysis of Kennings to Support Their Role in Aiding Word Retrieval in Oral Old English Poetry

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of kennings’ use in Old English (OE) poetry beyond their rhetorical power, more specifically, their role as mnemonic devices. Generally, kennings are used to refer to a certain entity using a more complex and descriptive way, more than one individual tag. This way of encoding referents seems to carry more than aesthetic value for poets and bards. Seeing as Old English poetry is oral in nature, I believe there is an argument to be made for the use of specific structures that can aid word and context retrieval, especially in longer-form content. As such, kennings would function as anchors, and I argue that they function this way because they contain semantic information that supports word retrieval. The framework for analysing this type of word formation is based on semantic feature analysis, which is a protocol used in the therapy of aphasia and anomia to improve word retrieval in post-stroke patients. Beyond this analysis, this paper will argue for the importance of considering alternate, novel techniques and methodologies for the study of Old English and for the diachronic study of language altogether, hoping to help bridge the gap between different areas of research.

COMPOUNDING AS A WORD FORMATION PROCESS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVES

Compounding is a fundamental word formation process that plays a significant role in the lexical development of both English and Uzbek. This article provides a comparative analysis of compounding in these two languages, focusing on both structural and functional perspectives. In English, compounds are formed by the combination of different parts of speech and often exhibit a flexible structure, with stress patterns distinguishing compounds from phrases. In contrast, Uzbek compounds predominantly follow noun-noun constructions and maintain a head-final structure, reflecting the agglutinative nature of the language. Functionally, compounding in both languages supports lexical innovation, semantic economy, and cultural expression. This study highlights the similarities and differences between English and Uzbek compounding, providing insights into how linguistic typology influences word formation processes.

The Motivation for the Word Formation of “Mǎlù(馬路)”

The Motivation for the Word Formation of “Mǎlù(馬路)”

Новообразования в публицистических текстах региональных СМИ на эрзянском языке: словообразовательный аспект (на материале журнала «Сятко» / «Искра»)

The aim of the research is to identify the lexical peculiarity and word-formation processes in journalistic texts of regional mass media. The paper examines neologisms, lexical units created based on the internal resources of the regional (Erzya) language. The work emphasizes the important role of the media in preserving, enriching, and transmitting native languages. The scientific novelty of the research lies in conducting a structural and semantic analysis of neologisms, which, based on extensive linguistic material, allowed for identifying and characterizing the main productive word-formation models and methods of word formation in the modern language of the media in Erzya. As a result of the research, it was found that the most productive methods of word formation include suffixation, root affixation, compounding, and substantivization. It was also noted that the neologisms identified from journalistic texts perform a stylistic function of influencing the reader (listener) due to their rich emotional-expressive charge and wide semantic content.

MULTICOMPONENCE AS A STRUCTURAL PECULIARITY OF MILITARY TERMS IN FOREIGN MASS MEDIA INTO RUSSIAN TRANSLATION

This article delves into the important analysis of the structural peculiarities of multicomponent military terms, a topic of increasing importance due to the need to describe professional objects and concepts, identify complex ideas, and unearth new dimensions of the studied phenomena. The prevalence of multicomponent terminology in foreign mass media resources underscores its significance in the media landscape. The purpose of the article is to explore the structural characteristics of multicomponent military terms extracted from mass media sources, providing a Russian translation. We also seek to identify the primary formulas and constituent components of these terms. By doing so, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of how English military terms can be formed and the development of a terminological dictionary that will include the latest examples of multicomponent military terms. The scientific novelty of the research lies in its focus on a particular and specialized domain of terminological studies, which will help to comprehend the challenges associated with understanding the structural and semantic features of multicomponent military terms, their word formation and constituent components frequently used in their structural models. The results obtained can also serve as a foundation for other fields of terminology.The research methodology is a combination of different research methods, such as the method of continuous sampling, component analysis, and word-formation analysis, which are used to analyze the selected material, and the quantitative approach helps to deal with the numerical data. The systematized examples of multicomponent military terms, categorized into two-, three-, and four-component terms and compound terms with hyphenated spelling, are accompanied by the corresponding translation. The findings of this research will equip translators, researchers, and practitioners with a deeper understanding of the challenges and strategies involved in analyzing the structural models of multicomponent military terms, thereby enhancing their professional capabilities.

Language Patterns on Music Festival Posters from the 80s Era to the 2020s Era

Differences in eras can affect language patterns in naming posters at music festivals. This study aimed to discover the differences in language patterns in music festival posters from the 80s to the 2020s. At the morphological level, we used Yule's theory (2010) to analyze word formation. Then, at the syntactic level, we used Morley's theory (2000) to examine phrases. We also used a content analysis to examine data collected from newspapers and social media. The results of the study showed that at the morphological level, the most commonly used in naming music festival titles from the 80s to the 2020s is the type of word borrowing and clipping. The borrowing word formation type is used up to 18 times, while the clipping word formation type is used 6 times. In addition, at the syntactic level, the results found are included in the category of noun phrase types from the 80s to the 2020s.

Derivational Suffixes Analysis Found in “Every Summer After” Novel by Carley Fortune

This study specifically concentrated on conducting an in-depth analysis of the various types of derivational suffixes. Derivational affixes were one of the most interesting topics to analyze, as they influence the formation of words from simple to complex ones. The data used in this analysis was sourced from the novel "Every Summer After" by the esteemed author Carley Fortune. Carley Fortune is a #1 Canadian national bestseller and has been honored with an award for her exceptional work as a journalist and author. This data was meticulously examined through the application of a qualitative analytical method. The research findings have been thoroughly explored using both formal and informal explanations. The analysis was based on Plag's theory (2003) and supported theory up by Carstairs-Mccarthy's theory (2002). This comprehensive approach helped in understand the findings in depth. This comprehensive linguistic analysis of the novel meticulously identified four distinct types of derivational suffixes: nominal, verbal, adjectival, and adverbial. The results revealed a notable prevalence of nominal suffixes, a total of 249 instances, and a smaller number of verbal suffixes, amounting to just 3 instances. Furthermore, this study found 96 instances of nominal suffixes, 86 instances of adverbial suffixes, and 64 instances of adjectival suffixes in the text. This thorough analysis provides a detailed examination of the intricate language intricacies found within Fortune's novel. Furthermore, it enhances the overall understanding of how derivational morphology is utilized in contemporary literature.

SYSTEMATICITY OF THE FORMATION OF POTENTIAL WORDS AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE TRANSPARENCY OF THE LEXICAL SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

The work is devoted to the study of potential nouns and adjectives. The purpose of the study is to identify the place of potential words in the word-formation system of the Russian language. The following methods of linguistic analysis were used in the work: a synchronous-descriptive method, including observation, comparison, juxtaposition, generalization, interpretation of linguistic data, and system analysis method. The material for the description was mainly the works of E. Yevtushenko. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that potential words are a product of speech, not language. But they represent part of the general word formation and stand out in it. Potential words are laid down by the word-formation system of the language itself, created based on productive models of the Russian word-formation system. They can fill in the empty cells of word-formation paradigms using productive word-formation models. The study of trends in the development of modern Russian word formation has an undoubted theoretical significance for the development of the science of word formation, which makes it possible to study the mechanism of the emergence of new words. Also, it makes it possible to practically apply the findings in university teaching of word formation, lexicology of the Russian language, in the practice of compiling dictionaries, etc. KEYWORDS: derivation, methods of derivation, morphemes, derived word, potential word (potentialism).

Filipino Acronyms: How Filipinos Use Acronyms

Language is dynamic and is constantly changing. It also proves that language and technology are related. Because technology uses language. Social media sites have become communication platforms, that involve more language. One of the word formation processes that has become increasingly popular is the formation of acronyms. This study aimed to assess and analyze Filipino acronyms and classify them according to their use and how they are formed. The data were analyzed through document analysis. The acronyms reviewed in this study are listed and derived from YouTube videos. From the results of the study, it is found that in Filipino, acronyms are mostly used in science and technology and in social media sites that have sprung up due to technology, and acronyms were formed due to human needs. In this age of social media, whether young or old, these words need to be known and used to keep up with the modern era. People need to learn it to be able to understand the modern world they live in and to be able to continue to express themselves through language.

Disorders of word formation in adolescents under operation for congenital heart defects

Literary data on the speech status of children with congenital heart defects are presented. The results of a study of word-formation function in adolescents after radial correction of septal congenital heart defects are described. Purpose. To assess the speech status of adolescents operated on for congenital heart defects using the example of word formation. Material and methods. A prospective study of the word-formation function of 37 adolescents in the early postoperative period after radical correction of septal heart defects under artificial circulation was conducted at the Research Institute of Complex Problems of Cardiovascular Diseases. Results. The most difficult task was the formation of diminutive nouns. The respondents completed this task with a score of 55.31 %. Teenagers coped better with tasks on the formation of different categories of adjectives. Score of the task of forming relative adjectives — 60.54 %. The children coped with the task of forming possessive adjectives even more successfully — by 63.24 %. The respondents were most successful in completing the task of forming qualitative adjectives — by 81.44 %. Conclusion. Despite successful cardiac surgery, patients require interdisciplinary monitoring in the postoperative period.

Analisis Kajian Linguistik Modern dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

This research aims to study and analyze modern linguistic studies in Arabic language learning. This research is a type of library research, the data in this research are journals, articles, websites and books that discuss modern linguistics from the aspects of meaning, objects, objectives, scope and benefits of studying modern linguistics. This research is a library research study, so the data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis technique and the data is presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this research are that linguistics is a science that studies and examines language, sounds, human signals related to language phenomena, then the scope of study of modern linguistics is first, phonology, where language is a spoken form, not written. Second, morphology is a science that studies the methods of word formation and the verbal changes that occur in these words. The third is semantics, namely the science that studies meaning and examines the branch of linguistics that is related to the theory of meaning. Fourth is syntax, which is the study of how to form sentences from different words. Then the benefits of linguistic theory in developing Arabic language teaching such as sociolinguistics, contrastive and psycholinguistics. The role of linguistics in developing Arabic language teaching is an important tool for determining language teaching targets and explanations, because linguistics is a tool used by language teachers to describe and analyze language which of course will help the language teaching process. A good learning process always starts with a thorough plan. Careful planning will show optimal results in learning. Planning is the process of preparing something that is carried out to achieve predetermined goals.

The Application of Word Formation in Students’ Essay Writing: Morphology

The Application of Word Formation in Students’ Essay Writing: Morphology

Barrier Function to Skin Elasticity in Talking Head

In this paper, we target the problem of generating facial expressions from a piece of audio. This is challenging since both audio and video have inherent characteristics that are distinct from the other. Some words may have identical lip movements, and speech impediments may prevent lip-reading in some individuals. Previous approaches to generating such a talking head suffered from stiff expressions. This is because they focused only on lip movements and the facial landmarks did not contain the information flow from the audio. Hence, in this work, we employ spatio-temporal independent component analysis to accurately sync the audio with the corresponding face video. Proper word formation also requires control over the face muscles that can be captured using a barrier function. We first validated the approach on the diffusion of salt water in coastal areas using a synthetic finite element simulation. Next, we applied it to 3D facial expressions in toddlers for which training data is difficult to capture. Prior knowledge in the form of rules is specified using Fuzzy logic, and multi-objective optimization is used to collectively learn a set of rules. We observed significantly higher F-measure on three real-world problems.

Telescoping as a specific type of word formation in modern English (based on Internet resources)

Telescoping as a specific type of word formation in modern English (based on Internet resources)

Specificity of Translating Icononyms into Diverse Structural Languages (English, French, and Tatar)

This study examines proper names functioning as titles of iconographic works (such as ‘Pokrov Bogomateri’ (the Protection of the Mother of God), ‘Voskreseniye Khristovo’ (the Resurrection of Christ), ‘Soshestviye vo ad’ (the Descent into Hell) etc.) in the context of exploring their translation into English, French, and Tatar. A comparative analysis of artionyms (icononyms) is conducted. The sources for this research include catalogs of ancient Russian painting, particularly those from the collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). The paper discusses the challenges involved in translating terms such as ‘umileniye’ (compassion), ‘pokrov’ (protection), and ‘успение’ (dormition) etc. On one hand, doctrinal discrepancies are noted in the target languages, which are attributed to extralinguistic factors (differences in approaches to key Christian doctrines among Orthodoxy, Protestantism, and Catholicism, as well as the absence of cultural elements from the source language in the target language). On the other hand, semantic inconsistencies are identified, which can be explained by attempts at generalization or, conversely, specification of the content of terms aimed at facilitating recipient comprehension. One of the most frequent translational transformations observed is calquing, with identified differences in word formation patterns explained by the distinct typological models of the languages being compared (synthetic, analytic, agglutinative).

Identifying Pronunciation Errors in English Among Postgraduate Students: A Phonetical Perspective

This research aims to address two primary problem statements: first, to identify the types of English pronunciation errors made by third-semester students in the postgraduate English language education program; and second, to determine the sources of these pronunciation errors among the same cohort of students. This research used a combination of phonetic and quantitative error analysis to identify the pronunciation errors among postgraduate students. The results showed that there were 16.16% of omission errors, 11.97% addition errors, 71.85% of word formation errors, and students 0% of word ordering error. For the sources of errors in the pronunciation of all students during the proposal seminar, researcher found that there was incomplete application of rule is source from omission errors such as letter /g/, /ʃ/, /dʒ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ɑː/, /t/, and /h/. The next source of errors false concepts hypothesized is source from addition errors such as letter /ɒ/, /ʌ/, /s/, /g/, /e/, /ɑː/, /u/, /w/, /a/, /j/, and /r/. There is also overgeneralization is source from misformation errors such as letter /aʊ/, /ɔː/, /h/, /ʒ, etc. Meanwhile for ignorance of rule restriction is source from misodering errors all students for misodering did not make that mistake.

Affixes in jakarta post Newspaper Article: "An Honest Conversation : How Storytelling Can Make Positive Impact on Yourself and Other"

The purposes of this scientific paper are to discuss and describe about the process of word formation through affixes in Jakarta Post Newspaper article 2024 and to add learning references for readers. Word is the basic unit of language. New words are acquired by the process of word formation which can be done in several ways. One of the most commonly used ways to form new words is affixation either through prefixation or suffixation. Affixes have two types, including prefixes and affixes. Prefixes are a group of letters beginning of a word and that has meaning. Suffixes are a group of letters that added to the end of a word. The formulation of this scientific paper is to find out what kinds of affixations are in the Jakarta Post Newspaper article 2024. What are the affixation processes in the Jakarta Post Newspaper article 2024. The writer has taken data from google chrome of Jakarta Post Newspaper in one article 2024, because in the article have affixes. The title of Jakarta Post Newspaper article is An Honest Conversation: How Storytelling Can Make Positive Impact on Yourself and Other Written by Josa Lukman, The writer find out the data by using some steps, they are reading, describing, identifying, and finding. From the result of the data of the Newspaper article 2024 in Jakarta Post. The writer find out the types of prefixes and suffixes and then groups them into several diagrams that describe the process of word formation through the affixation process. Based on the research findings, the researcher suggested some suggestions, they were: For the students, for teacher and for the future researcher.

Numerative word formation in Smolensk dialects

Numerative word formation in Smolensk dialects

Word formation patterns in the perception domain: a typological study of cross-modal semantic associations

Abstract The lexicalization of perception verbs has been of widespread interest as a route into understanding the relationship between language and cognition. A recent study finds global biases in colexification patterns, suggesting recurrent conceptual associations between sensory meanings across languages. In this paper, drawing on a balanced sample of 100 languages, we examine cross-modal semantic associations in word formation. Confirming earlier proposals, we find derived verbs are lower on a proposed Sense Modality Hierarchy (sight > hearing > touch > taste, smell) than the source perception verbs on which they are based. We propose these findings can be explained by verb frequency asymmetries and the general tendency for sources of derivations to be more frequent than their targets. Moreover, it appears certain pairings (e.g., hear–smell) are recurrently associated via word formation, but others are typologically rare. Intriguingly, the typological patterning partially diverges from the patterning reported for colexification in the same domain. We suggest that while colexification is driven by conceptual resemblance between sensory meanings, cross-modal word formations tend to arise from grammaticalization processes of lexical specification, where additional material (e.g., a sensory noun) is collocated to a polysemous verb in order to disambiguate it in context. Together, these processes can account for the typological similarities and divergences between the two phenomena. More generally, this study highlights the need to consider conceptual, communicative and diachronic factors together in the mapping between words and meanings.

The Morphological Tapestry: A Linguistic Exploration

This article introduces morphological typology, exploring the patterns and structures underlying word formation and grammatical encoding across languages. A systematic literature review examines fundamental concepts, including distinctions between analytic and synthetic languages, features of agglutinating, fusional, and inflectional morphologies, and phenomena like suppletion and polysynthetic structures. Readers gain insights into language classification based on morphological characteristics, challenging strict categorical distinctions and emphasizing the continuum across types. The study highlights the diversity and complexity of morphological systems. Suppletion, where stems are irregularly replaced in inflectional patterns, and polysynthetic languages, encoding entire sentences within single complex words, are explored in depth. This work offers a concise overview of morphological typology by synthesizing reputable sources, including books, journals, and online resources. It is an accessible resource for language learners, linguists, and anyone interested in understanding the intricate morphological underpinnings of human language.