Word Formation Research Articles

Analisis Kajian Linguistik Modern dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab

This research aims to study and analyze modern linguistic studies in Arabic language learning. This research is a type of library research, the data in this research are journals, articles, websites and books that discuss modern linguistics from the aspects of meaning, objects, objectives, scope and benefits of studying modern linguistics. This research is a library research study, so the data analysis technique used in this research is content analysis technique and the data is presented in a qualitative descriptive manner. The results of this research are that linguistics is a science that studies and examines language, sounds, human signals related to language phenomena, then the scope of study of modern linguistics is first, phonology, where language is a spoken form, not written. Second, morphology is a science that studies the methods of word formation and the verbal changes that occur in these words. The third is semantics, namely the science that studies meaning and examines the branch of linguistics that is related to the theory of meaning. Fourth is syntax, which is the study of how to form sentences from different words. Then the benefits of linguistic theory in developing Arabic language teaching such as sociolinguistics, contrastive and psycholinguistics. The role of linguistics in developing Arabic language teaching is an important tool for determining language teaching targets and explanations, because linguistics is a tool used by language teachers to describe and analyze language which of course will help the language teaching process. A good learning process always starts with a thorough plan. Careful planning will show optimal results in learning. Planning is the process of preparing something that is carried out to achieve predetermined goals.

The Application of Word Formation in Students’ Essay Writing: Morphology

The Application of Word Formation in Students’ Essay Writing: Morphology

Telescoping as a specific type of word formation in modern English (based on Internet resources)

Telescoping as a specific type of word formation in modern English (based on Internet resources)

Specificity of Translating Icononyms into Diverse Structural Languages (English, French, and Tatar)

This study examines proper names functioning as titles of iconographic works (such as ‘Pokrov Bogomateri’ (the Protection of the Mother of God), ‘Voskreseniye Khristovo’ (the Resurrection of Christ), ‘Soshestviye vo ad’ (the Descent into Hell) etc.) in the context of exploring their translation into English, French, and Tatar. A comparative analysis of artionyms (icononyms) is conducted. The sources for this research include catalogs of ancient Russian painting, particularly those from the collection of the State Museum of Fine Arts of the Republic of Tatarstan (Kazan). The paper discusses the challenges involved in translating terms such as ‘umileniye’ (compassion), ‘pokrov’ (protection), and ‘успение’ (dormition) etc. On one hand, doctrinal discrepancies are noted in the target languages, which are attributed to extralinguistic factors (differences in approaches to key Christian doctrines among Orthodoxy, Protestantism, and Catholicism, as well as the absence of cultural elements from the source language in the target language). On the other hand, semantic inconsistencies are identified, which can be explained by attempts at generalization or, conversely, specification of the content of terms aimed at facilitating recipient comprehension. One of the most frequent translational transformations observed is calquing, with identified differences in word formation patterns explained by the distinct typological models of the languages being compared (synthetic, analytic, agglutinative).

Identifying Pronunciation Errors in English Among Postgraduate Students: A Phonetical Perspective

This research aims to address two primary problem statements: first, to identify the types of English pronunciation errors made by third-semester students in the postgraduate English language education program; and second, to determine the sources of these pronunciation errors among the same cohort of students. This research used a combination of phonetic and quantitative error analysis to identify the pronunciation errors among postgraduate students. The results showed that there were 16.16% of omission errors, 11.97% addition errors, 71.85% of word formation errors, and students 0% of word ordering error. For the sources of errors in the pronunciation of all students during the proposal seminar, researcher found that there was incomplete application of rule is source from omission errors such as letter /g/, /ʃ/, /dʒ/, /ə/, /ɪ/, /ɑː/, /t/, and /h/. The next source of errors false concepts hypothesized is source from addition errors such as letter /ɒ/, /ʌ/, /s/, /g/, /e/, /ɑː/, /u/, /w/, /a/, /j/, and /r/. There is also overgeneralization is source from misformation errors such as letter /aʊ/, /ɔː/, /h/, /ʒ, etc. Meanwhile for ignorance of rule restriction is source from misodering errors all students for misodering did not make that mistake.

Affixes in jakarta post Newspaper Article: "An Honest Conversation : How Storytelling Can Make Positive Impact on Yourself and Other"

The purposes of this scientific paper are to discuss and describe about the process of word formation through affixes in Jakarta Post Newspaper article 2024 and to add learning references for readers. Word is the basic unit of language. New words are acquired by the process of word formation which can be done in several ways. One of the most commonly used ways to form new words is affixation either through prefixation or suffixation. Affixes have two types, including prefixes and affixes. Prefixes are a group of letters beginning of a word and that has meaning. Suffixes are a group of letters that added to the end of a word. The formulation of this scientific paper is to find out what kinds of affixations are in the Jakarta Post Newspaper article 2024. What are the affixation processes in the Jakarta Post Newspaper article 2024. The writer has taken data from google chrome of Jakarta Post Newspaper in one article 2024, because in the article have affixes. The title of Jakarta Post Newspaper article is An Honest Conversation: How Storytelling Can Make Positive Impact on Yourself and Other Written by Josa Lukman, The writer find out the data by using some steps, they are reading, describing, identifying, and finding. From the result of the data of the Newspaper article 2024 in Jakarta Post. The writer find out the types of prefixes and suffixes and then groups them into several diagrams that describe the process of word formation through the affixation process. Based on the research findings, the researcher suggested some suggestions, they were: For the students, for teacher and for the future researcher.

Numerative word formation in Smolensk dialects

Numerative word formation in Smolensk dialects

Word formation patterns in the perception domain: a typological study of cross-modal semantic associations

Abstract The lexicalization of perception verbs has been of widespread interest as a route into understanding the relationship between language and cognition. A recent study finds global biases in colexification patterns, suggesting recurrent conceptual associations between sensory meanings across languages. In this paper, drawing on a balanced sample of 100 languages, we examine cross-modal semantic associations in word formation. Confirming earlier proposals, we find derived verbs are lower on a proposed Sense Modality Hierarchy (sight > hearing > touch > taste, smell) than the source perception verbs on which they are based. We propose these findings can be explained by verb frequency asymmetries and the general tendency for sources of derivations to be more frequent than their targets. Moreover, it appears certain pairings (e.g., hear–smell) are recurrently associated via word formation, but others are typologically rare. Intriguingly, the typological patterning partially diverges from the patterning reported for colexification in the same domain. We suggest that while colexification is driven by conceptual resemblance between sensory meanings, cross-modal word formations tend to arise from grammaticalization processes of lexical specification, where additional material (e.g., a sensory noun) is collocated to a polysemous verb in order to disambiguate it in context. Together, these processes can account for the typological similarities and divergences between the two phenomena. More generally, this study highlights the need to consider conceptual, communicative and diachronic factors together in the mapping between words and meanings.

The Morphological Tapestry: A Linguistic Exploration

This article introduces morphological typology, exploring the patterns and structures underlying word formation and grammatical encoding across languages. A systematic literature review examines fundamental concepts, including distinctions between analytic and synthetic languages, features of agglutinating, fusional, and inflectional morphologies, and phenomena like suppletion and polysynthetic structures. Readers gain insights into language classification based on morphological characteristics, challenging strict categorical distinctions and emphasizing the continuum across types. The study highlights the diversity and complexity of morphological systems. Suppletion, where stems are irregularly replaced in inflectional patterns, and polysynthetic languages, encoding entire sentences within single complex words, are explored in depth. This work offers a concise overview of morphological typology by synthesizing reputable sources, including books, journals, and online resources. It is an accessible resource for language learners, linguists, and anyone interested in understanding the intricate morphological underpinnings of human language.

WORD FORMATION THROUGH COMPOUNDING IN GEN-Z SLANG ON TIKTOK

Language is dynamic and reflective of societal changes, with Gen-Z, the first true digital natives, playing a pivotal role in linguistic evolution. This study examines the phenomenon of word formation through compounding in Gen-Z slang on TikTok, exploring its linguistic structures and meanings. By analyzing the common compounding patterns in Gen-Z slang, we gain insights into the creative processes and social influences shaping language use among this demographic. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data was collected from TikTok videos and comments between January 2023 and May 2024. The findings reveal 15 distinct compound words, with compound nouns being the most prevalent, followed by compound verbs and compound adjectives. Endocentric compounds were more common than exocentric ones. This research highlights the innovative nature of language within Generation Z, reflecting their values of self-expression, technological engagement, and creative problem-solving. The study underscores the role of social media in shaping contemporary language and provides a foundation for further exploration of linguistic innovations and their implications for language development and cultural expression in the digital age.

IMPLEMENTATION OF ELECTRONIC CUSTOMER RELATION MANAGEMENT (ECRM) PROGRAM IN SHAPING POSITIVE WORD OF MOUTH AT PT MANDIRI UTAMA FINANCE

This study aims to analyze the implementation, implementation process, obstacles, and impacts of Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM) on the formation of Positive Word of Mouth at PT Mandiri Utama Finance. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive research method. The research approach is carried out with case study approach. This research is expected to provide solutions to businesses at the company in determining strategic steps as well as making regulations or implementing appropriate policies, and providing input for the next implementation of E-CRM. The results show that the company's overall satisfaction was 6.35 or equivalent to 96%. The implementation process and obstacles in forming a positive word of mouth are identified as the main obstacles in the implementation process. The use of social media and other digital media plays an important role in the development of positive words of mouth.

Measuring linguistic complexity in Chinese: An information-theoretic approach

The measurement of linguistic complexity has been a heated topic in linguistics. While previous studies have mainly centered around English and other European languages, Chinese seems neglected to some extent, and the existing Chinese linguistic complexity metrics have room for improvement. Against these backdrops, the present study applied an information-theoretic approach - the Kolmogorov complexity system - to measure Chinese linguistic complexity and examined its reliability and validity. To this end, a corpus of c.a. 60 million characters was compiled, based on which the morphological, syntactical and overall Kolmogorov complexity metrics and 18 other complexity metrics used in previous studies were calculated and subjected to a series of correlation analyses. The results show that the three Kolmogorov complexity metrics are significantly correlated with each other and with most of the previously-used metrics at the character, lexical, syntactic and collocation tiers, indicating that the Kolmogorov complexity metrics are reliable in measuring Chinese. In terms of validity, a comparison between the Kolmogorov complexity of Chinese and nine European languages and a comparison between the Kolmogorov complexity of Chinese L1 and L2 of different proficiencies show that the Kolmogorov complexity precisely and parsimoniously captured the linguistic features of Chinese. The morphological Kolmogorov complexity reflects the richness of Chinese morphemes and the flexibility of word formation, and the syntactic Kolmogorov complexity supports the view that Chinese is a topic-prominent language. This study both extends the generalizability of Kolmogorov complexity and refines the measurement of the Chinese language.

Особенности функционирования англоязычного заимствования to go в современном немецком языке

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the functioning of the English-language loan word “to go” in the German language. The article examines the processes of adaptation of the Anglicism “to go” to the lexical and semantic system of the recipient language at different language levels, defines the areas of use of the Anglicism, and establishes the functional potential of loan word. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that the functioning of the English-language loan word “to go” in German is studied from the perspective of a structural and semantic description of new nominations that arose as a result of word and phrase formation. It is established that the Anglicism “to go” is a semantic pseudo-loan word that has retained its form from the source language, but has a different content in the German language. Using the examples of consideration of standard and non-standard cases of borrowing, it is shown that loan word is a productive component in (hybrid) word and phrase formation. The spheres of use of loan word are considered, as well as the mechanisms of its further adaptation to the new lexical and semantic system. As a result of the study, it was found that the functional potential of borrowing varies depending on the use of Anglicism in phrases or in composite words. The cases of the influence of the English language on the word-formation system of the German language are revealed.

Особенности китайских экономических терминов и их перевода на русский язык

This article is devoted to the problems of Chinese terminology, which appeared relatively recently, as well as the translation of Chinese economic terms. The aim of the research is to identify the characteristics of Chinese economic terms and find the best ways to translate them into Russian. The study involved analyzing 942 economic terms from 115 Chinese media texts. These terms were then classified based on two key criteria: their form and their partial affiliation. The scientific novelty lies in difingn these criteria which are crucial for understanding the nature of Chinese economic terms and can significantly impact the choice of translation method when rendering them into Russian. This approach represents a significant advance in the field, as previous classifications of Chinese (non-economic) terms only focused on word formation and did not consider other important factors. By considering both form and partial affiliation, we can gain a more comprehensive understanding of the terms and make more accurate translations. The results showed that 98% of Chinese economic terms are word combinations that reach up to 12 components, in other words, hieroglyphs, in the composition (the most common are two-component ones), between which attributive and copulative types of relations are distinguished. When translating such multicomponent terms into Russian through various translation transformations, in most cases they formally correspond to one lexeme, which does not always reflect the completeness of the meaning (semantic, stylistic, pragmatic). Therefore, the depth of perception of Chinese economic reality would help to convey the inclusion of a linguistic and cultural commentary from the translator due to significant differences in the economy, culture and mentality of the two countries.

English and Kiswahili Lexical Localization in Kibena

This paper has examined how English and Kiswahili borrowed expressions have been localized in Kibena. The study was guided by Kachru theory of language dominance and deficit, which deals with language contact and lexical borrowing between donor and recipient languages. In this study English and Kiswahili were the donor language and Kibena was the recipient language whereby the Kibena speakers consciously or unconsciously localized English and Kibena words in Kibena during communication process. The study employed a mixed approach and a descriptive research design in data collection, presentation, and discussion. Data were collected from fourteen written texts and fifty respondents through a questionnaire, interview, and documentary review. The data were analyzed using conceptual and rational content analysis methods. The findings underscore the significance of language contact in developing Kibena lexical knowledge through new lexical creation, borrowing, or localization in order to fill the lexical gap and for prestige attainment. The study realized that English and Kiswahili lexical which were localization in Kibena influenced the development of new words in Kibena through loan blend words formation, neologism creation and word to word translation techniques. The language contact was found to be among of the language’s vocabularies enrichment through words borrowing, naturalization, and adaptation. It is recommended that other research be done on the role of the phonological adaptation process of English and Kiswahili words into Kibena during lexical localization.

Языковая компрессия на уровне словообразования в английском экономическом дискурсе

The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the structure and semantics of word-formation compressions in English economic discourse. Clarifying the meaning of the term "linguistic compression" gives the author the opportunity to determine the means of expressing compression at the word-formation level in the economic sphere. The research has a scientific novelty, which consists in the fact that as a result of the first comprehensive analysis of the means of compressive word formation in English economic discourse, productive word-formation models were identified and described, as well as the originality of their structure and content was determined. As a result of the study, the predominance of models of compressive word formation formed by word composition was revealed, among which the uncomplicated N + N model, the substantive conversion model V + Prep (Adv), complex phrasal words (collapsed linguistic units) and compound words. It is noted that abbreviation in English economic discourse is a fairly effective way to implement linguistic compression due to the fact that it is characterized by the highest degree of compression. The predominant are initial three-component abbreviations with a substantial basic component, truncated syllabic type abbreviations (apocopa) and graphic abbreviations, characterized by rich semantic content in combination with a compressed form of expression.

Analysis of Prefixes in the Novel "Belahan Jiwa" By Nuniek Kr: Exploration of the Purpose and Impact of Writing

The aim of this research is to analyze the prefixes contained in the novel "Belahan Jiwa" by Nuniek KR. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Several instruments that can be used in this research are text selection, text annotation, morphological classification, context analysis, meaning interpretation, analysis notes and validation. The technique used in this research is the reading and note taking technique. The steps used in this technique include reading, analyzing and understanding the structure, marking certain parts according to analysis needs, recording data in the form of sentences and words related to the word formation process, grouping data or classifying data based on the word formation process and analyzing and concluding data based on the results of reading and recording the word formation process in the novel "Belahan Jiwa" by Nuniek KR. Based on the results of the analysis carried out, there are 8 (eight) uses of prefixes, namely the prefixes ber-, me-, mem-, per-, se-, di-, ke-, and ter-. In the novel "Belahan Jiwa" by Nuniek KR, it can be seen that there are 51 words that use the prefix ber-, for the prefixes me- 59, mem- 19, per-11, se-24, di-13, 14th and ter-25th.

Building a Strong English Civil Engineering Vocabulary

Vocabulary acquisition means the process of learning and acquiring new words and their meanings. Building a strong vocabulary is essential for effective communication, reading comprehension, and overall language proficiency. Civil engineering involves designing, constructing, and maintaining infrastructure projects like roads, bridges, and buildings. To be successful in this field, it is important to have a good understanding of technical terms and concepts in English, which is the universal language of communication. Building a robust civil engineering English vocabulary is crucial for effectively communicating with colleagues, clients, and stakeholders, as well as understanding complex engineering principles and procedures. One way to improve the civil engineering vocabulary is to familiarize with key technical terms and definitions. Another important aspect of building a strong civil engineering vocabulary is to study the different types of materials, tools, and techniques used in the industry. In addition to technical terminology and materials, it is also important to learn common abbreviations and acronyms, suffixes and prefixes used in civil engineering. Word formation is also a key aspect in enhancing civil engineering vocabulary. One effective way to expand the civil engineering vocabulary is to read industry publications, technical manuals, and research papers. Lastly, practice and repetition are key to building a strong civil engineering vocabulary. The present article deals with all these essential points in building a strong civil engineering English vocabulary.

Current word formation models of the English vocabulary buildup (based on 2022–2023 words of the year)

Current word formation models of the English vocabulary buildup (based on 2022–2023 words of the year)

KOMPÜTER TERMİNLƏRİNİN METAFORİKLƏŞMƏSİ

Metaphorization of Computer Terms Summary In the process of forming computer terms, metaphorization occurs at different levels. The productivity of a particular method of term formation is determined by the features of a computer terminological system. Numerous linguistic facts show that a model based on existing similarities, including similarities in external features and functions, plays an important role in the formation of computer terms. Key words: cognitive linguistics, metaphor, computer term, word formation, metaphorical transfer