Word-formation Means Research Articles

ДІЄСЛІВНІ НЕОЛЕКСЕМИ ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНО-АВТОРСЬКОГО ХАРАКТЕРУ В МОВІ ГАЗЕТ КІНЦЯ ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ: СЕМАНТИЧНИЙ ТА СЛОВОТВІРНИЙ АСПЕКТИ

The aim of the article is to study the semantic and word-forming features of verbal neolexems of individual author’s in the newspaper language of the late twentieth century. Newspapers of this period may contain neolexems, because the Ukrainian language was at a new stage of its development, Ukraine’s independence. This affected the emergence of new words, as the press daily informed about news in various spheres of life and reflects reality entirely, in dialectical development and has unbounded opportunities to replenish the language vocabulary. To achieve the goal we should solve the following issues: to identify verbal neolexems in the newspaper text of the analyzed period; to explore the means of word formation of individual-authorial verb forms; analyze the meaning of neolexems, pay attention to the semantic features of new words. This goal requires the use of appropriate research methods: structural, the internal organization of language is analyzed, where the elements are related to a certain system of relations; descriptive, it gives the opportunity to consider the features of the neolexems semantics; method of contextual analysis, the functioning of neolexemes is examined in context and their functions, stylistics and context are identified. Verb neolexems of individual author’s are much less represented compared to other parts of speech. These are words that have a peculiar semantic nature and functional and stylistic purpose. They were found to belong to the non-systemic speech phenomena, which illustrate the ways and forms of language development of a particular period, reflect the interrelation between language and speech, and update the word-forming and figurative possibilities of the Ukrainian language. Neolexems demonstrate a violation of grammatical, word-forming, semantic norms, which is due to a certain guideline – to be a source of expressiveness. Neolexems of the studied period preserve the semantics of the corresponding formation bases, but thanks to prefixes and suffixes they transform meanings, expand associations and increase the semantic volume of expression. They attract with their original interrelation between the traditional content of the word and the new semantic form. Such formations enrich the semantics of the sentence, expand the associative connections with other lexemes, consequently the context acquires a unique meaning, which enhances the expressiveness of the whole utterance. Authorial verbs, adjectives and adverbs are always expressive and original. They create not only a vivid verbal image, but also have high informativeness due to their structural features. The subject of the study will constantly need further research, as neolexems are associated with changes in language. In addition, due to the analysis of word-forming possibilities of individual-author elements it will be possible to draw conclusions about productive and non-productive ways of word formation at different stages of language development.

Rzeczownikowe formacje z pół- w ujęciu historycznym (na materiale słownikowym)

NOMINAL FORMATIONS WITH PÓŁ- IN THE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE (BASED ON LEXICAL MATERIAL) This article is dedicated to derivatives with the pół- unit that appears in general Polish. Such derivatives have already been the subject of researchers of Polish. In this text the author focused on two aspects: the morphological status of those derivatives and their historical development from the eldest times (the Old Polish period) until now. Contrary to appearances, not all derivatives with pół- are compounds. The analysis of their lexical and word-formation meanings leads one to the conclusion that many of them are simple derivatives in which the meaning of the pół- unit is far from the basic meaning, which is why it should be treated as a unit with the function of a prefix formant. Those formant meanings of pół- are of modification (more often) or mutation (more rarely) nature. The historical development of those derivatives is presented on the basis of lexical material. The derivatives have been functioning since the Old Polish times, but they have been changing both in terms of quality and quantity. SStp includes only 37 formations with pół-, but more and more of them appeared in later centuries. The highest increase in their number is noted in SW (almost a half of a thousand derivatives), after which their number has decreased (in SWJP there are 121 of them). Until now this has been a living and productive word-formation type. Three most important kinds of those formations have been distinguished in the historical perspective: 1) compounds with pół- meaning ‘a half’, which are relatively numerous and stable throughout the whole developmental period; 2) small categories (e.g. ‘one of two’, ‘the middle’, ‘a kind’), which are created by a small number of derivatives, but constitute their stem in that they are static in terms of quantity; 3) large and, at the same time, static categories, which are changing over time, i.e. they either significantly grow in number (‘not really’) or significantly decrease the number (‘a half with reference to measurements’ and exocentric compounds).

Анализ словообразовательных механизмов формирования сленговых выражений молодежной среды в китайском языке

The paper aims to identify the specificity of the word-formation mechanisms of creating slang expressions by young people in the Chinese language. The article analyzes the definitions of the notion “slang” in the Chinese linguistics. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that it considers and analyzes new slang expressions which came from the popular video platform TikTok, as well as identifies the Internet slang development tendencies in the modern Chinese language. The results of the research show the creation sources and the word-formation means of the modern slang units in the Chinese language which are characterized by social and cultural connotations.

Трансформация от политическия към медийния дискурс в България: нови думи и експресивни словосъчетания

Abstract: The study is focused the process of coining new words and new meaning of words in the language of the media through of politicians’ and public figures’ language. The hypothesis is that the changes of political discourse are reflected in the language used in the media, mainly through political jargon, which we find in titles and articles. The aim of the study is to investigate the transformation from political towards media discourse and the word formation means. These have an impact on creating differences and washing away the boundaries between political and media lexis. The new, post-1989, journalistic expression, is attractive and free of some ideologemes, totalitarian clichés and pompous slogans. It outpaces politicians’ linguistic liberation. Prominent public figures take the initiatives in this field, during the decade that followed. Through their messages, they bring more expressiveness and spontaneousness in public communication. The results of the study demonstrate that, through media projection, scores of new words and collocations become part of reporters’ and editors’ language. Thus, some words become part of the canonical lexical structure, making it more diverse, nonhomogeneous and different from the traditional. The theme of otherness is explored in the Bulgarian media and political context, identifying manifestations at the linguistic and communicative levels. Politicians increasingly use expressive words and mix them with ideologeme that are part of political rhetoric. The media disseminate these expressive words and the informative function shifts. Thus, heterogeneity at the linguistic level creates grounds to speak of a political and media rhetoric of otherness. Keywords: political discourse, media discourse, media text, derivation, linguistic expressions, vocabulary.

Synthetic and analytical way of expressing diminutivity in the Ukrainian language of the 11th–18th centuries

The main means of diminutive word formation are suffixes, which are of the greatest interest to researchers of diminutival and affectionate vocabulary, however, when studying the problem of the history of diminutive word formation, it is worth taking into account the history of other means of expressing diminutiveness, as word-forming and syntactic ways of expressing diminutiveness have always functioned alongside and interacted. These are analytical and synthetic-analytic means of conveying diminutiveness. The paper presents the results of the analysis of diminutiveness in its pure form, the primacy of diminutiveness and the secondariness of expressive shades based on the example of synthetic-analytical constructions of the 11th–18th centuries. The author determined the synthetic-analytical way of conveying diminutiveness and its role in demarcating small and emotional formations as well. Each lexeme was analyzed in a specific lexical environment, since in diachronic research it is not always possible to be guided by the general meaning, which is the basis of the evaluative word and is established by the generalization of separate multiple contexts, since in past eras diminutiveness was transmitted not only by suffixes, as in affectionate formations, but also with the help of indicator words малъ (малыи) in the 11th–13th centuries, and in the following epochs by such words as невеликий, маленький, мілкий, менший, дрібний etc. These words enable to distinguish smallness from emotionality: горка та не велика, но мала (1106–1108, сп. ХV, ЖХД, 21). A greater role in the detection of diminutive semantics is played by textual clarifications when, for instance, the size of the object was determined: свѣтлочка мала, лав три; в кѣльици малѣ, яко четыре лакоть (КПП, 135) і под. When diminutiveness is conveyed with the use of indicator words in conjunction with a common noun, we are talking about the analytical method: городъ малъ (под 1097, ПВЛ, 234), малого воза (1552, АЮЗР, 1/VІІ, 112). The presence of indicator words великий, болшій in structures with diminutive formants signals dediminution. Without such indicator words, it is often impossible to practically divide lexemes into diminutive, emotional and dediminutive. The materials of the conducted research can be used by derivationists in the study of historical word-forms, the history of the Ukrainian language, teachers, and students in the study of the relevant subject. Keywords: word-form, historical word-form, diminutiveness, pettiness, syntactic means of word-formation

The word-formation potential of affixes in the ancient Turkic runic texts

In the era of the Old Turkic Khaganates, a full-fledged structure of the Turkic word was formed in the runic language. Historical relics of the proto-Turkic protoforms are still preserved in the root morphemes: primary roots, verb-nominal syncretism, and sound-phonemic variability of roots. In the language of runic monuments the corpus of service morphemes after the root – the affixes – was quite well developed, so there was a quite well developed system of morphology and derivation in the Proto-Turkic language. These service morphemes can be functionally classified as formative and word-formative. The purpose of the article is to reveal the functions and meanings of Old Turkic word-formation affixes.The basic unit of affixal word-formation is a word forming component, in which the formal semantic connection between the generating and derivative stems is determined by semantic motivation. In the case of direct motivation, the meaning of a derived word is formed from the meanings of the generating word and the word-forming affix. The affixes involved in word formation have a word-forming function, and their word-forming meaning is determined by the system-forming function. The author shows the diversity of word-formation meanings. The meanings of old Turkic affixes survived in the modern Turkic languages

The specificity of Russian media neoderivatives reflecting social realia

The involvement of media speech in the society activities determines the relevance of studying the media text components in the extralinguistic aspect. The social conditionality of media neoderivatives contributes to their research in linguopragmatic and socio-cultural aspects. The purpose of the article is to identify the specifics of Russian neoderivatives reflecting current social realities. The research material include lexical and word-formation innovations in the texts of printed and electronic media of the beginning of the 21st century. In the course of the study, the methods of structural and semantic analysis of neoderivatives, word-formation analysis, content analysis, contextual analysis, descriptive and classification methods were used. As a result of the research, thematic groups of neoderivatives reflecting current Russian realities were identified (neoderivatives on pandemic topics; neoderivatives reflecting digital reality, Internet realities, business realities, etc.); the actual word-formation means and methods of creating the considered neoderivatives are determined (the usual methods of suffixation, prefixation, prefixoidation, addition of agglutinative type; the non-usual method of contamination, as well as the non-usual methods of creating polycode neoderivatives, in particular hyphenation, parenthesis, quotation, the use of ideograms and numbers, font and color selections); as a result of contextual analysis of media texts, the main functions of neoderivatives are characterized (nominative, expressive-evaluative, ludic). The conducted research is characterized by the novelty of the speech and language material and identifies the specifics of the socio-cultural and linguocognitive perception of reality in the modern language consciousness of the representatives of Russian society. The results of the research contribute to the solution of practical problems of journalism.

СИНОНІМІЧНО-АНТОНІМІЧНА ПАРАДИГМА ПРЕФІКСАЛЬНИХ ДІЄСЛІВ СУЧАСНОЇ АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ

The article is devoted to the synonymous, antonymous peculiarities of the English prefixal verbs’ formation in modern English language. The phenomenon of prefixation is interpreted in the article as one of the word and term formation ways, the inventory of verb prefixes, which are word-forming means of modern English. The semantics of synonymous-antonymous models of prefixal verbs is analyzed, their implicit potential is investigated. The specifics of English prefixal verbs in the plane of erasing the clear boundary between common vocabulary and professional language are highlighted. It is proved that the manifestations of the prefix verb ambiguity are closely related to the powerful synonymous-antonymous potential of the prefix. It is concluded that the generalized invariant feature of the prefix in terms of language, its differential features in terms of speech and their creative combination in the process of thinking are the factors of generation different meanings of the prefix verb.

The role of analogy in the verbalization of the realities of the objective world

Background. Being in a certain language environment, a person accumulates language resources, correlates them with the realities of objective reality on a subconscious level, as well as with the communicative intention and being used analogy, models the nominative unit. The appearance of the new name is based on the so-called “finished material”, that is the word-forming means and word-forming models which are available in the language.Purpose. To describe the role of analogy in the creation of derived nominative units in language and speech against the background of modern trends of verbalization of the realities of the surrounding actuality.Methods. The abstraction and descriptive-analytical methods were used to study the role of analogy in the verbalization of the realities of actuality.Results. The use of analogies is influenced by various factors: usually when the nominators use language actively to create according to a known wordforming model a name for a new concept or to offer an expressive name to an existent name of a known reality in a particular speech situation. Sometimes the analogy is used due to lack of speech experience to fill the nominative gap in a certain communicative situation.Depending on the nominative intention of the speaker and the corresponding models-samples it is possible to define kinds of applicable analogies: proper-nominative, associative, expressive, situational-compensatory, situational-correlative, nominative-adaptive.Discussion. The analogy often accompanies the process of verbalization of the realities of objective actuality, makes it simpler, systematizes, unifies the nominative resource of the modern Ukrainian language. The perspective of the research is to identify the most productive sample structures, according to which the nominative process takes place in different onomasiological categories.

Diachronic/Synchronic Dynamism of Russian Literary Language : Democratization of Language in the aspect of a stylistic system

This paper, which focuses on the democratization of Russian literary language in the aspect of the development of the stylistic system, is a subsequent research paper studying the history of graphics and orthography of the Russian literary language and the methods and means of word formation with the material of simple words with the suffix -ka in terms of its democratization. The road to democracy of Russian literary language is characterized by the extension of the linguistic means of neutral style and its scope of use through “de-Church Slavonic”, russification, folk colloquialism, and non-normalization． During the period from the 11th to early 19th century, the development of Russian literary language and its functions can be seen as a history of constant change in the correlation between Church Slavonic and Russian. In the old Russian, Church Slavonic adopted Russian elements, the ＂Simple Russian＂ of Peter the Great replaced Church Slavic elements with Russian, and in the system of the three styles of Lomonosov, both Church Slavonic and Russian were accepted within the framework of Russian literary language． In Pushkin s artistic works, genetically and stylistically heterogeneous linguistic elements are used by the principles of proportionality and conformity． In the early and mid-20th century a functional stylistic system was established in Russian literary language, and now there is a tendency to re-integrate it within the media language. During the Soviet period, media stylistic was one of several functional stylistics of literary language, which had a “media stylistics ⊂ literary language ⊂ Russian” relationship. However, in the post- Soviet period, almost all Russian languages appear in the media, and this can be called a media language． If there is an area within the media language that can be defined as a media stylistic, the “media stylistic ⊂ literary language ⊂ media language” relationship can be established. If the media style is fused to the media language and no longer exists, the relationship will be “literary language ⊂ media language.” The language that leads to popular culture at the center of public communication is called the common language (общий язык), and in modern Russia, the media language plays this role. The Russian media language mediates the common language and the literary language, so the development of Russian literary language in the 21st century will be the history of the correlation between literary language - media language - common language.

СВОЕОБРАЗИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ И СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКОЙ МАНЕРЫ В.Г. КОРОЛЕНКО (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ РАССКАЗА "СОКОЛИНЕЦ")

In this article based on the story “Sokolinets”, the peculiarities of linguistic and stylistic manner of V.G. Korolenko are reviewed, the author’s preferences in the choice of means of expression and intensification of features which provide stylistic effect are observed. First of all, the denominative vocabulary expressing the extreme (ultimate) psychological and emotional states of the characters is marked and classified. The pronoun words and particles, which often interact with each other, creating expressive constructions with the meaning of gradation, high degree of feature manifestation, etc., are considered separately. The word-formation means, participating in the realization of author’s emotionality, strengthening of substantial and expressive sides of the utterance, are singled out. Some peculiarities of V.G. Korolenko's idiostyle are examined; the stylistic means which increase the expressiveness of the work, optimize the rhythmical-intonational structure of the poetic speech, saturate it with the semantic and stylistic information are classified. The types of repetitions attracted by the writer for the realization of his creative task and their role in the realization of the stylistic effect are determined.

THE ORIGINALITY OF V.G. KOROLENKO’s LINGUISTIC AND STYLISTIC MANNER(BASED ON THE STORY “SOKOLINETS”)

In this article based on the story “Sokolinets”, the peculiarities of linguistic and stylistic manner of V.G. Korolenko are reviewed, the author’s preferences in the choice of means of expression and intensification of features which provide stylistic effect are observed. First of all, the denominative vocabulary expressing the extreme (ultimate) psychological and emotional states of the characters is marked and classified. The pronoun words and particles, which often interact with each other, creating expressive constructions with the meaning of gradation, high degree of feature manifestation, etc., are considered separately. The word-formation means, participating in the realization of author’s emotionality, strengthening of substantial and expressive sides of the utterance, are singled out. Some peculiarities of V.G. Korolenko's idiostyle are examined; the stylistic means which increase the expressiveness of the work, optimize the rhythmical-intonational structure of the poetic speech, saturate it with the semantic and stylistic information are classified. The types of repetitions attracted by the writer for the realization of his creative task and their role in the realization of the stylistic effect are determined.

WORD-FORMATION MEANS OF VERBALIZITION OF CONCEPTS "PERSISTENCE" AND "STUBBORNNESS" IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE

This article is devoted to the analysis of word-formation means of objectification of spiritual concepts “persistence” and “stubbornness” in the Russian language. The study of semantic features, derivational relations between lexical units in word-formation nests allows us to identify several cognitive features of the studied concepts. Comparative analysis shows similarities and differences between concepts “persistence” and “stubbornness” in terms of the word-formation means of their representation. The similarities lie in the fact that units in both word-formation nests are expressing “action, behavior” and “sign, property”. The differences are manifested in the fact that the word-formation field of the concept of "persistence" is characterized by metaphorical motivating connections in terms of describing the object, and the features of the representation of the concept of "stubbornness" in the word-formation aspect are mainly manifested in productivity in terms of the formation of verbs, in indicating the carrier of the property, and also in the high degree of its representation.

Аналіз структурно семантичних характеристик термінів аграрного спрямування в перекладацькому аспекті

Abstract. The article summarizes the theoretical experience of studying the structural and semantic characteristics of scientific and technical terms and agricultural terms in particular. It has substantiated the fact that the agrarian sphere is experiencing a rapid emergence of terms-innovations that are quickly passing all stages of structural-semantic assimilation. A significant percentage of terms are formed as a result of rethinking their previous meanings, which leads to the emergence of so-called semantic terms. Analysis of structural and semantic features of agricultural terms showed that their formation occurs through derivation, terminologization of common vocabulary and assimilation of borrowings. The paper also analyzes examples of the functioning of English-language multicomponent clusters and the peculiarities of their translation. The purpose of research is to clarify the structural and semantic features of agricultural terminology, to identify and describe the processes of formation of one- and multi-component agricultural terms, to determine the main word-forming types of agricultural terminology. Results of research. Agrarian terminology, which is a set of words and stable phrases corresponding to the concepts functioning in this area (objects, phenomena and actions), is a mobile and flexible part of common vocabulary, and therefore requires systematization. The main carriers of these concepts are nouns, a certain number of verbs and adjectives which most serve as definitions in multicomponent clusters and are not independent. Word-forming means are mainly Latin-Greek morphemes, word stems and phrases. Depending on the participation of language in term formation, the terms of the agricultural sector are divided into three types: simple terms or word-terms; complex terms; terms-phrases or multicomponent clusters Agrarian terminology uses such ways of word formation as lexical-semantic, lexical-syntactic, morphological, abbreviation, and morphological-syntactic. Many commonly used lexical items acquire meanings inherent in the agricultural sector, becoming terms with a narrower meaning. Modern scientific literature on agricultural topics contains terms that have two or more meanings in this area, the clarification of which is only disclosed by the context. In translation, such ambiguity causes blurring of meaning, vagueness, substitution of terms and ultimately distortion of the content as a whole. It is important to consider the lexical and grammatical environment of the term. Due to the context, the following translation issues can be addressed: a) the word is used in its common or special narrow meaning; b) the choice of one of several meanings of a polysemous term in a particular context. From agrarian vocabulary, terminological units move into colloquial language, sometimes becoming jargons or terminoids that function in limited areas of engineering and technology, forming a layer of stylized new scientific and technical terms. Professional slang is usually short, expressive and to some extent stylistically colored. The most successful of them are fixed in the terminology system over time and receive official recognition in a certain subject area, being fixed in dictionaries, and some pass to other areas and into the common language. Specifics of functioning the terminological combinations require appropriate methods of their translation, among which there are a few main ones: literal translation of lexical units is carried out with the help of calque; replacement of parts of speech; explanatory translation of terms; translation with word order changes, primarily in attributive group. Conclusions. Agro-biological terminology tends to be poly-variant in translation, polysemy and homonymy. In order to overcome the difficulties in translating professional texts, it is necessary to work more actively with special vocabulary, thoroughly study the issues of ambiguity, synonyms and antonyms, word formation and methods of translation. The above considerations open opportunities for the practical application of these methods of translation of agro-biological terminology, and for further creative search for the correct perception of professionally oriented texts.

THE ASSOCIATIVE WAY WORD-BUILDING OF THE INFORMAL NAMES

The article is devoted of the question of studying the derivation of informal names (nicknames, call signs) by phonetic and semantic associations. The author proves of this problem being adequate, actual and perspective. The associativity as a means of wordformation in onomastics of different years outlined and defineed in works by O. Verbovetska, N. Brener, Y. Karaulov, M. Khudash, O. Nakhimova, N. Fedotova and other. N. Khrustyk studied the associativity as the associative way word-building in derivatology. The purpose of our research is to study the derivation of nicknames and call signs by associativity as a means of word-formation. The object of the research is the ways wordbuilding. The subject of our research is the associativity as a means for the formation of the nicknames and call signs of the Ukrainian language. To teach the aim we should solve such problems: to study a mechanism for the production of the nicknames, call signs by a means of associativity; to define way of word-building of this derivatives. Metodology. The empirical method, the observation of language material, the descriptive method, the method of derivational analysis are used. Findling. The research results show, that the associative way word-building is the method for the formation onyms (nicknames, call signs) by phonetic and semantic associations. The article specifies the specifics of the mechanism for the derivation of the nicknames, call signs by a means of associativity. Practical value. The metodology, derivational analysis, elaborated classifications of the ways word-building of informal names (nicknames, call signs) in this article can be used in the process of writting textbooks in word-formation of the Ukrainian language at a high school. Results. The associative way word-building is proved an existence in derivatology.

Мовна картина Covid-ного світу: український контекст

The article deals with the changes of Ukrainians’ linguistic picture of the world in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic. The peculiarities of the linguistic picture of the world and the national linguistic picture of the world are determined. Neologisms, phraseological modifications and some samples of modern folklore are analyzed. It was found that the peculiarity of COVID neologisms is the adaptation of foreign borrowings and the use of typical Ukrainian means of word formation. COVID phraseologisms are modifications of phrases already existing in the mind of the Ukrainian speaker. As for folklore, modern Christmas and New Year folklore under conditions ofCOVID-19 is a kind of transformation of traditional carols and congratulations. Anecdotes about the pandemic stand apart from previous folklore samples and reflect not only Ukrainian modern realities but also its past. Memes also serve as a source of traditions, history, culture of Ukrainian people. Understanding the verbalized picture of the COVID world is impossible without knowledge of these aspects of the nonverbal world, as well as previous experience of verbalization.

Variation of word-forming means in modern Russian: traditions and innovations

The author considers the conditions necessary to discern variable means of forming lexical units. The aim of the paper is to identify the rising trends which characterise variation in the sphere of word formation in the modern Russian language. These trends are described analysing the traditional criteria which determine the potentiality of varied morphemic division and identifying the means of word formation. The employed research methods included observation and description, morphemic and word-formation analysis, classification and systematisation. The material of the study is the derived lexemes obtained from contemporary media and advertising texts. The author describes the factors determining the possibility of employing the variation approach to identify ways of word formation. Additionally, new trends which broaden the sphere of derivational phenomena and undermine the entire derivational system of the Russian language are examined.

КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ ОБРАЗЫ И МОТИВЫ ПОВЕСТИ В.Г. РАСПУТИНА «ДЕНЬГИ ДЛЯ МАРИИ» (филологический анализ)

The article presents a philological analysis of the story by V.G. Rasputin “Money for Maria”. The author sees the task of such an analysis in a harmonious combination of elements of literary and linguistic approaches. The subject of the research is a system of linguistic means of different levels, united around the dominant psychological characteristics of the main character – the state of anxiety and expectation. The motif of uncertainty is considered as the central in the story with a number of semantic associated oppositions: light – darkness, dream – reality, own – someone else’s, peace – anxiety, real – unreal. It is shown that the whole system of pictorial means of the story correlates with these oppositions. It is identified such key imagessymbols as wind, money, snow, etc. Elements of the “form” – the twists and turns of the plot, features of the composition, the lack of resolution of the event conflict, the entire system of linguistic expressive means – serve to express a borderline, a turning point in the fate of the main characters. The article considers syntactic, morphological, word-forming means associated with the hierarchical system “motive – semantic oppositions – key images-symbols”. The approach presented in the article contributes to the most accurate interpretation of the author’s artistic intention. The text of the story appears, on the one hand, as a complex aesthetic phenomenon, and on the other, as a specially organized system of linguistic means, subordinated to the author’s intention.

LINGUOSTYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF WORD-FORMING AND MORPHOLOGICAL MEANS IN JOURNALISTIC TEXT

In modern media, materials which are characterized by skillful organization of language tools to reveal the topic and focus on the recipient, are highly valued. Having professional journalistic skills and a thorough knowledge of the language helps to create texts according to such requirements. Actual in this context is the formation of skills in the years of study related to the observation of the linguistic and stylistic skills of practicing journalists. The purpose of the article is to present the sequence and example of linguistic-stylistic analysis of a journalistic text to clarify the place and role of word-forming and morphological means that form the semantic background and communicative orientation of the message.
 Methodological bases of linguistic and stylistic analysis of word-forming and morphological means are a set of approaches that take into account: selection of the publication according to certain criteria (relevance of the topic, genre, authorship, etc.); the structure of tokens and grammatical features of individual parts of speech that create the semantic and stylistic expressiveness of a particular journalistic text. Among the research methods are linguistic analysis, compositional-textual and functional-semantic analysis, the method of establishing semantic-functional paradigms, the quantitative method, and others.
 Results of the research. A linguistic and stylistic analysis of O. Suprunenko’s publication «Chym Pakhne Yevropa» («What does Europe smell like?») (Post-Postup. 2008) demonstrates the course of consideration of word-forming and part-of-speech means of a professional text; shows a way of coherent and consistent presentation of their own observations and opinions. In the analyzed text there is objective information, which includes specific names, words with direct meaning, construction terminology, quotes. Subjective information is the author’s reasoning about the topic covered. The tone of its disclosure is informative and skeptical, which aims to provoke a corresponding reaction from the reader. Stylistic originality of the presentation of the theme is manifested in the use of appropriate linguistic and stylistic means: individual innovations, the expressive potential of grammatical categories of nouns, adjectives, verbs, as well as in the creation of ironic imagery.
 Stylistic analysis of the text by language levels is an effective means of forming language and speech competence, as it develops the skills of identifying stylistic means in the text and determining their functions to reveal the author’s intention. This form of work also has a research and creative purpose, as it encourages careful study of the stylistic potential of certain means of speech and independently explain their feasibility in a particular text.

The Impact of Coronavirus on English Word-stock

In December 2019, the news of the coronavirus outbreak spread worldwide for the first time. At present, this historical event has already influenced merely all aspects of life. The language is one of the first that reflected the massive events occurring throughout the world.In the frame of this article, an attempt is made, firstly, to figure out dozens of new words, expressions and new definitions emerged in English due to global changes. Secondly, are considered the semantic changes some words have undergone as a result of extralinguistic processes i.e., narrowing of meaning, semantic broadening, etc. Thirdly, are emphasized the main word-formation means of coining new words and expressions: suffixation, compounding, abbreviation, etc.