Wool Textile Industry Research Articles

Investigation of Performance Properties of Wool Fabrics Treated with Bromelain from Pineapple Peel Wastes

The pilling and shrinkage of wool fabrics are major problems in the textile industry. Chemical treatments are used to improve the performance properties of wool fabrics. These processes severely pollute the ecosystem. This study is aimed to use bromelain isolated from pineapple peel waste instead of toxic chemicals used during pretreatments to prevent shrinkage and minimize pilling in the woolen textile industry. Bromelain was isolated from pineapple peels using different techniques and isolated bromelain to be used was also encapsulated. Encapsulation was preferred to increase enzyme stability and reusability and to reduce cost. Area shrinkage, pilling, tensile strength, elongation, and weight loss tests were performed on the treated fabrics. According to the findings of this study, the isolated and encapsulated bromelain from pineapple peel wastes improved the washability of the wool fabric and eliminated the pilling problem. This developed method is sustainable, low cost, high added value, innovative, and environmentally friendly.

Molecular probing of dissolved organic matter and its transformation in a woolen textile wastewater treatment station

Woolen textile industry produces enormous wastewater (WTIW) with high pollution loads, and needs to be treated by wastewater treatment stations (WWTS) before centralized treatment. However, WTIW effluent still contains many biorefractory and toxic substances; thus, comprehensive understandings of dissolved organic matter (DOM) of WTIW and its transformation are essential. In this study, total quantity indices, size exclusion chromatography, spectral methods, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR MS) were used for comprehensively characterizing DOM and its transformation during full-scale treatments, including influent, regulation pool (RP), flotation pool (FP), up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UA), anaerobic/oxic (AO) and effluent. DOM in influent featured a large molecular weight (5–17 kDa), toxicity (0.201 HgCl2 mg/L), and a protein content of 338 mg C/L. FP largely removed 5–17 kDa DOM with the formation of 0.45–5 kDa DOM. UA and AO removed 698 and 2042 chemicals, respectively, which were primarily saturated components (H/C > 1.5); however, both UA and AO contributed to the formation of 741 and 1378 stable chemicals, respectively. Good correlations were found among water quality indices and spectral/molecular indices. Our study reveals the molecular composition and transformation of WTIW DOM during treatments and encourages the optimization of the employed processes in WWTS.

Influence of liquid ammonia on the structure of wool fiber

Liquid ammonia treatment of worsted fabric was carried out by a continuous liquid ammonia finishing machine, and the effects of liquid ammonia on wool surface morphology, chemical structure and crystallinity were studied and corresponding mechanism was discussed in detail. The results showed that liquid ammonia made the surface scales of wool remove partially and decreased the content of hydrophobic lipid layer and hydrophobic property. After liquid ammonia treatment, the secondary structure of wool macromolecule was changed, manifested in increased α-helix and decreased β-sheet; the disulfide bonds were broken to form cysteine sulfonate, cysteic acid and cystine oxides. Liquid ammonia increased the content of α-crystallization, causing an increase in the crystallinity of wool. As our knowledge goes, this is the most systematic report to date on the effect of liquid ammonia on the structure of wool fiber, and provides a novel medium for the modification of wool in a large scale. Furthermore, it also provides a theoretical basis for the commercial application of liquid ammonia as a non-aqueous medium in wool textile industry.

Relationship between skin structure and wool traits for Ultrafine and Dohne Merino sheep of Uruguay

The demand in the world market for high quality fine and superfine wool is increasing, responding to greater wool textile industry demands and price incentives. There are few research studies focused on hair follicle population in fine and superfine Merino sheep in Uruguay. This study evaluates the association between wool follicle population and the most relevant economical wool traits. This work was carried out on Ultrafine Australian Merino (UAM) and Dohne Merino (DM) animals (lambs and rams). Phenotypic correlations between the secondary/primary follicles (S/P) and other wool traits (fiber diameter, staple length, clean fleece weight, scoured yield, coefficient of variation of fiber diameter and comfort factor parameter, were performed using histological skin cuts. Two skin samples were extracted from each lamb at two and nine months of age. These were processed at the skin histology laboratory to obtain a histological preparation for further biopsy, being able to differentiate the structures obtained to be evaluated. The results showed in the UAM group, S/P ratio in nine-month-old lambs was greater than two-month-old lambs (31.08 vs 23.12 P< 0.05). For DM group, there were no differences in the S/P ratio between age groups. Phenotypic correlations for wool characteristics obtained were of low to medium or null magnitude in both genotypes.

新冠疫情对江苏地区毛纺业的影响及产业疫后发展研究

新冠疫情对江苏地区毛纺业的影响及产业疫后发展研究

Dynamic action of keratinase on wool fibre tracked by FITC-labelled enzyme

Due to pollution in the process of chemical treatments, wool textile industry has been remarkably changed to use eco-friendly reagents in preparatory and finishing operations. We previously isolated a wool-degrading bacterial strain (Pseudomonas sp.3096-4) from decomposed wool fabrics, which produces a new type of keratinase capable of degrading cuticle layers. In this study, using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelling and scanning electron microscope, we found that the Pseudomonas-derived keratinase efficiently removed the cuticle layer by protein hydrolysis and the degradation proceeded from surface to inner components of wool fibres. A 48-h treatment with the keratinase effectively removed cuticle scales on the wool surface with interior structure largely intact. This treatment significantly reinforced the strength and tenacity of wool fibres, showing its potential as a promising method in the wool textile industry.

An Examination of Some Statistics Relating to the Wool Textile Industry

An Examination of Some Statistics Relating to the Wool Textile Industry

Structural Changes and Growth Factors of China’s Textile Industry: 1997-2012

In this study, the Input-Output Structural Decomposition Analysis (I-O SDA) method is adopted to analyze the structural change in China’s textile industry during 1997-2012 and to measure the contribution rate of the growth factors (consumption, investment, inventory, exports and imports) affecting change in its gross output. Then the key factors and main driving forces promoting textile industry development are figured out. The results show that China’s textile industry has experienced great change both in scale and structure. Among the growth factors, the contribution rate of exports is the largest, followed by investment, consumption, imports and inventory. The textile industry still relies heavily on exports, investment and consumption, while the contribution rate of imports is relatively small. In addition, technological change makes a positive contribution with technological innovation. Among the industrial sectors, the cotton & chemical fibre textile industry holds dominance, with the textile manufactured goods industry exhibiting tremendous development, the growth of the knitted textile industry fluctuating, and the wool textile industry and hemp & silk textile industry progressing slowly. Finally relevant policy suggestions are proposed to promote the balanced and coordinated development of China’s textile industry.

坂巻清著, 『イギリス毛織物工業の展開-産業革命への途-』, 日本経済評論社, 二〇〇九・二刊, A5, 四一六頁, 六五〇〇円

坂巻清著, 『イギリス毛織物工業の展開-産業革命への途-』, 日本経済評論社, 二〇〇九・二刊, A5, 四一六頁, 六五〇〇円

坂巻清著, 『イギリス毛織物工業の展開-産業革命への途-』, 日本経済評論社, 2009年, iv+416頁

坂巻清著, 『イギリス毛織物工業の展開-産業革命への途-』, 日本経済評論社, 2009年, iv+416頁

An efficient wastewater treatment approach for a real woolen textile industry using a chemical assisted NF membrane process

Woolen textile industries produces a significant high contaminated wastewater streams which have raised environmental concerns as their turbidity (>40 NTU) and COD (>1500mg/L) are very high. To address their issue, usually a high level of chemical treatment is utilized; however, the addition of such level of chemicals itself creates another issue such as high concentrated sludge. In this study, chemical pretreatment (FeSO4 as coagulant, 400–800mg/L, pH 6–10,) experiments was employed to reduce COD and turbidity to maximum 200mg/L and 25 NTU respectively. The chemically assisted nanofiltration (NF) process (operating conditions: 4–8bar, COD of 50–200mg/L and pH of 6–10) by using a commercial spiral wound polyamide nano filter (TFC) was used to treat a real woolen textile effluent. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to determine the effects of operating parameters. The results showed that the best conditions for the pretreatment process were pH of 8, FeSO4 of 600mg/L. For the NF process, by increasing pH and pressure, removal efficiency of turbidity and COD increased up to 98%. However, by enhancing the color concentrations, the COD removal efficiency reduced to about 90%. The results demonstrated that NF process at optimum conditions and after chemical pretreatment has an effective efficiency for real textile wastewater treatment.

섬도제어 연신공정에 의한 세섬화 양모 소재의 물성 연구

In the wool textile industry, the necessity for technology development has been steadily raised to create improved fineness and yarn count of existing wool yarns with thick fineness for ensuring higher quality grades of wool yarn. Recently, through controlling fineness of wool yarn for making finer wool in relation with environmentally-friendly and high-sensitivity trend, a differentiated continuous drawing process where the quality of wool can be artificially manipulated has been suggested in the latest textile industry. This study investigated the basic conditions during the continuous drawing process which enable to manufacture wool yarn with fine count by controlling reducing agent treatment, physical drawing and drying after reducing agent treatment, and oxidizing agent post-treatment conditions. Furthermore, this study reviewed the drawing effects by applying the basic conditions for reduction and oxidation reaction in the drawing processes of wool/cashmere, wool/silk, wool/polyester blended yarns as well as such wool yarns. Also, in order to review the practicability, this study examined the physical properties and dyeability of drawn wool yarn applied textile materials in comparison with normal wool yarn applied textile materials.

Resource of Wool Fibers and Development Trend of Wool Product

A wide variety of new wool fiber materials, such as super-fine sheep wool with the average diameter of about 11 μm, rabbit wool of long-hair rabbit, Wusuli raccoon dog wool, and vicuna wool, were developed except for sheep wool and cashmere in the wool textile industry. Tibetan antelope wool was not allowed to make a processing and trade, but it may have a development in the future. Meanwhile, other natural and chemical fibers were added as the raw materials in wool textile production because of their new functional requirements including antistativity, antibacterial, deodorant, improvement of strength and abrasion resistance, anti-electromagnetic radiation and improvement of flame retardancy. The raw materials of the wool textile industry have shown a magnificent development.

The Root of the Problem

Reconstructions of ancient wool-processing techniques have generally been based on the assumption that lanolin was a by-product of the woolen textile industry. However, both ancient and modern sources point to significant procedural differences between the extraction and recovery of lanolin and the preparation of wool for spinning and weaving. The different conditions necessary to produce spinning wool or to recover lanolin are, in fact, contradictory rather than complementary, and wool working and lanolin production must therefore have been separate, albeit related industries. Recognizing lanolin as produced by boiling wool offers an explanation for a number of difficult-to-understand Linear B references and supports the interpretation of sign *145 (wool/LANA) in perfumed unguent ingredient lists as ‘wool for its lanolin’. It further enables archaeological reconstructions of these technologies and of cross-craft interactions in the Bronze and Iron Ages.

Immigrants and Apprentices: Solutions to the Post-War Labour Shortage in the West Yorkshire Wool Textile Industry, 1945–1980

After the Second World War, the wool textile industry faced a significant labour shortage as its traditional workers escaped the poor wages and conditions of wool mills for better-paying, cleaner jobs. Three broad solutions to this crisis were adopted: the employment of immigrants, mainly from the Indian Subcontinent and Eastern Europe, the re-formatting and promotion of apprenticeships and the recruitment work undertaken by the Wool Industry Training Board. Of these solutions, employing immigrants was by far the most successful in bringing workers into the industry, while the latter two were resounding failures. In prioritising the recruitment of young, white, British men, the industry, trade unions and government missed a key opportunity to train immigrants and women to take the places of the skilled workers they so desperately sought.

The Haworth the Brontës Knew

Welcome to Haworth. You are 70 of the 700,000 to 1,000,000 people who visit Haworth every year.1 Bradford Council welcomes you to Haworth too. Since the demise of the wool textile industry in the 1960s, the local council has been extremely solicitous of visitors — tourism is now the largest employer in Haworth, and the council’s marketing department wishes to persuade many more millions to visit in the years to come. ‘Immerse yourself in the cultural heritage of Haworth,’ reads their promotional leaflet, ‘step back in time and [. . .] discover what Haworth was like at the time when the Bronte sisters lived there.’2 The council’s leaflet is misleading, of course. The Haworth that we see today is very different from the Haworth that the Bronte sisters knew; it is the product of 150 years of selective development. Tourism has been of economic importance to Haworth since the time when Mr Bronte and Mr Nicholls still occupied the parsonage, and the village has changed continuously since then in response to visitor expectations — ‘The Bronte Tea Rooms’, ‘The Old Apothecary’ and now, filling every shop window each spring, the 1940s overlay as well. So, what created the visitor expectations that drove the generations of canny Haworth entrepreneurs — and the planners — to produce the tourist village that is Haworth today? I do not think there is much doubt about the answer to that question: it was Elizabeth Gaskell. From its publication in 1857 until quite recently, Gaskell’s description of Haworth in The Life of Charlotte Bronte had been accepted as unquestioningly as had her portraits of the Brontes, and her account of their lives. The blurb on the back of my 1968 reprint of her hagiography describes the book as ‘[. . .] the greatest and most accurately written account of the life of Charlotte Bronte’. In her book, Mrs Gaskell lays great emphasis on the importance of the village in the development of her heroine’s character — her opening chapter is devoted to this — and yet her description of Haworth is no more accurate than the leaflet put out by the council’s marketing department: ‘Haworth village [. . .] is situated on the side of a pretty steep hill, with a background of dun and purple moors [. . .] grand from the ideas of solitude and loneliness which they suggest’.3 Picturesque;

Special Interest Protectionism and the Antebellum Woolen Textile Industry

Abstract. Academic and nonacademic work focusing on special interest lobbying tends to ignore America's early history in favor of the 20th century, leaving the origins of the organized commercial lobby vague. Using the antebellum woolen textile industry as a case study, this article finds that this industry was one of the first to demonstrate the potential benefits of interstate, interindustry coalitions for rent‐seeking activities. Using pressure tactics frequently observed today, but innovative for the time, the industry was not only successful in obtaining relatively high legislated tariffs by 1828, it also altered the traditional congressional avenues for obtaining information from aggrieved parties. This article clearly demonstrates that organized and public lobbying by commercial interests has a longer history than is typically recognized.

Seamless Industrialization: The Lanificio Rossi and the Modernization of the Wool Textile Industry in Nineteenth-Century Italy

The town of Schio, 20 miles north of Vicenza in the north-eastern part of Italy, was one of the major European wool manufacturing centres in the second half of the nineteenth century. Schio was famous for the Lanificio Rossi, a woollen mill founded in 1817 by Francesco Rossi and developed by his son Alessandro between 1845 and 1898. By the 1880s the Lanificio was a joint-stock company and, with 5,000 employees, the largest firm in the country. Alessandro Rossi, its chief director and major stakeholder, was at the forefront of the industrial debate dominating the Italian economy in the period following the unification of the country and his firm provided an economic, entrepreneurial and social model for many industrialists to follow. The article examines the most salient features of the Lanificio and how it represented an important (and sometimes controversial) example of Italian industrialization. The Lanificio did not rest on the passive acceptance of foreign technologies and values, or a blind pursuit of the most advanced economies through the adoption of exogenous productive and managerial solutions. The classic paradigm of the so-called 'second comers' is interpreted in the Lanificio's case within the complex association between the preservation of local manufacturing traditions and the necessity to embrace and support a new industrial philosophy.

Thermoanalytical characterisation of modified keratin fibres

In the wool textile industry, several processes serve to improve the commercial properties of the fibres such as fineness, softness, length, strength and lustrous. For example, wool is chemically treated with reductive agents then stretched and set. This leads to modifications of the original protein structure causing changes in thermal behaviour, dyeing, colouristic and wet resistance properties. A multidisciplinary approach was used to investigate treated and untreated wools, with the aim of exploiting the nature of the structural changes. SEM and TEM revealed changes on the cuticle and cortical cell morphology; structure modification were studied by FT-IR and DSC.

The Culture of Credit in Eighteenth-Century Commerce: The English Textile Industry

In this article, I seek to expand the relatively narrow focus of most work on commercial credit in eighteenth-century England by incorporating culture into an economic analysis. I argue that the various credit regimes that operated in the regional branches of the English wool textile industry are best understood as having a cultural dimension. A comparative analysis of business strategies in these regions suggests that the different cultures of credit had important implications for the development of the textile industry during the eighteenth century, shaping the character of the entrepreneurship of each region's merchants and producers.