Wool Fabrics Research Articles

Nanoengineered Wool Textiles with Wrinkled Patterns for Enhanced Directional Radiative Cooling and Sun-Shade Effects

Nanoengineered Wool Textiles with Wrinkled Patterns for Enhanced Directional Radiative Cooling and Sun-Shade Effects

Caramel doped with aromatic compounds as halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardant strategy for wool fabric

The development of halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardant strategies is urgently needed in textile industry. In this study, a caramel product doped with aromatic compounds was developed via caramelization and aldol reactions using glucose and p-phthaldialdehyde. The modified caramel (Car@PDA) was subsequently used as a sustainable approach to improve flame retardancy of wool fabric. The flame retardancy, washing durability, heat generation, and flame-retardant mode of action of Car@PDA on wool fabric were investigated. The modified wool fabrics showed excellent flame retardancy, with the limiting oxygen index increasing to 32.5 % and the damaged length decreasing to 10.1 cm, with good self-extinguishing capacity. Car@PDA could combine with wool fibers through Schiff base reaction and electrostatic attraction, so the modified wool fabrics still self-extinguished and met the B1 flame-retardant requirements after 10 washing cycles. The modified wool showed significantly decreased heat release capacity and fire growth rate, suggesting high fire safety. Car@PDA promoted the decomposition of the fabric to form char barrier, thereby achieving an effective flame-retardant effect. In addition, the Car@PDA modification had a minimal effect on the tensile strength and handle of wool fabric. This study provides an innovative way to create bio-based, halogen- and phosphorus-free flame-retardants for protein wool fabrics.

Encapsulation of the PHMB with nanoliposome and attachment to wound dressing for long-term antibacterial activity and biocompatibility.

Concentration control of some drug are used commonly however their uncontrolled concentration renders severe side effects. Therefore, it is substantial to come up with innovation release control methods. There is a strong affinity between the phospholipid of nanoliposomes and wool cells which facilitate the diffusion of liposomes into the wool structure. On the other hand, polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) has gained popularity as an antibacterial agent; however, the compound's cytotoxicity has limited its usefulness. By compounding these facts, this work introduces a novel method for sustained drug release via internalization. In this method, PHMB was detained into nanoliposomes infiltrated the wool to generate an extremely regulated release, which was established using various techniques. SEM pictures demonstrated effective absorption of nanoliposome-encapsulated PHMB within the wool fabric. The developed wound dressing showed a sustained drug release, and consequently, perfect biocompatibility and enduring antibacterial activity.

Assessment of dyed wool fabrics with henna as natural dye

Assessment of dyed wool fabrics with henna as natural dye

Investigation of the oxidative self- polymerization of dopamine under alkaline conditions on wool fabrics

Most studies about polydopamine in the textile field have been related to cotton fibers. There are not many studies about the use of polydopamine on wool fibers. A limited number of studies have focused on the coloring of wool, whereas wool is the fiber with the highest variety of intermolecular attraction forces among all natural and man-made fibers. Polydopamine contains high amounts of catechol and amine functional groups due to its structure. In this study, different from the literature, oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine was achieved on wool fabric for different periods of time, and the coated fabrics were examined with characterization tests and spectrophotometrically. In this study, lower values were obtained than lightness (L*) values reported for other fibers in previous studies, and it was concluded that the wool-PDA interaction is superior to other fibers. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results showed that the polymerization and nano-coating formed successfully and continued to remain on the surface after washing. The lowest lightness value was obtained in the 32 h coating. However, the lowest color change after washing was in the 16 h coating (0.44%). This result showed that the coating was completed within 16–32 hours and there was only accumulation on the surface in the later times.

Application of Gan Embroidery (Yuzhang Embroidery) in Neo-Chinese-style Woolen Clothing with the Inheritance of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Abstract This paper investigates the emergence of Neo-Chinese-style clothing and the integration of Gan Embroidery techniques in the design of Neo-Chinese-style woolen clothing in the context of intangible cultural heritage. Neo-Chinese-style clothing represents a contemporary evolution of traditional Chinese attire, amalgamating elements of Chinese traditional dress culture and making a notable presence in the modern fashion industry. This study initiates by presenting the current status of Neo-Chinese-style clothing, encompassing its styles, patterns, techniques, and its influence on the international fashion stage. Subsequently, this research places a significant emphasis on the embroidery craftsmanship within the design of Neo-Chinese-style woolen clothing, emphasizing the importance of embroidery in conferring distinctive three-dimensionality and cultural aesthetics to the clothing. Through the synthesis and analysis of design cases from both domestic and international brands, this study illustrates the application of Gan Embroidery in Neo-Chinese-style clothing design. Finally, this research summarizes the primary contributions of the study, including an enhanced comprehension of the development of Neo-Chinese-style clothing and the burgeoning role of embroidery craftsmanship in the international fashion industry. Additionally, this research explores potential future research directions to deepen our understanding of Neo-Chinese-style clothing and traditional craftsmanship.

EXPLOITING ECO-FRIENDLY NATURAL DYES FROM PLANT SOURCES: EXTRACTION AND DIVERSE APPLICATIONS

Natural pigments extracted from plant sources offer eco-friendly and sustainable alternatives to synthetic colorants. In this study, pigment samples were obtained through aqueous extraction from beetroot (S1), red cabbage (S2), and turmeric (S3). Their physicochemical properties and potential applications were thoroughly evaluated. The research problem addressed in this study is the need to overcome the limitations of natural dyes, such a slower color fastness, reduced reproducibility, and limited color range, in order to promote their wider adoption in various industries as sustainable alternatives to synthetic colorants. The pigment extracts were assessed for their suitability in textile dyeing, paper pH indicators, food coloring, ink production, and natural stamp pad formulations. Cotton and wool fabrics were dyed by adding traditional mordants, and the pigment-treated textiles exhibited distinctive color changes and varying levels of color fastness. The pigment samples demonstrated the ability to act as effective acid-base indicators, displaying characteristic color transitions in response to varying pH levels. When used as natural food colorants, the extracts imparted attractive hues to rice and cream without altering their flavor profiles. The feasibility of incorporating these plant-derived pigments in ink manufacturing and stamp pad production was also explored. Beetroot pigment exhibited superior color retention and fastness properties, while red cabbage and turmeric extracts displayed effectiveness in selected applications. The findings of this comprehensive study highlight the viability of these plant sources as natural substitutes for synthetic colorants in diverse fields. The observed performance characteristics and the eco-friendly nature of the pigments underscore their potential to serve as sustainable alternatives in various industries.

Antibacterial and mothproofing wool fabrics modified by M-Arg/PHMG and ZnO

The increasing focus on sustainable and eco-friendly materials has sparked a growing interest in wool as a natural fiber for sustainable fashion, thanks to its skin-friendly properties, warmth, breathability, renewability and biodegradability. The advancement of wool fabrics with durable antimicrobial and moth-resistant qualities could significantly enhance the utilization of wool in the production of high-quality textiles. This study investigates the synthesis of M−Arg and polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) and their application in the surface modification of wool fibers, with an evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of the treated fabrics. Initially, plasma was used to pre-treat the wool fibers, followed by the adsorption of M−Arg and PHMG and ZnO in situ on the fiber’s surface. The antibacterial effectiveness against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms was assessed through antibacterial testing of the M−Arg/PHMG/ZnO-Fiber (MPN-Fiber). Results showed that the MPN-Fiber exhibited a significantly higher antimicrobial rate compared to untreated wool fiber. The prepared MPN-Fiber inhibited E. coli and S. aureus by 99.64 ± 1.04 % and 96.47 ± 2.14 %, respectively. Additionally, the MPN-fiber has good washing resistance (20 times, lose only 10 %). The experimental results clearly demonstrated that the MPN-Fiber exhibited exemplary antibacterial and moth-proof properties, confirming the success of the innovative surface modification approach.

Innovative integration of chitosan biopolymer for felt-free woolen fabric: A synergistic approach with digital textile printing

Wool, renowned for its ancient legacy and unique attributes, is a prized textile fiber with versatile applications in various domains. However, the susceptibility to shrinkage due to the scaly structure of overlapping cells (scales) in the cuticle poses a challenge, prompting the widespread adoption of chlorination to enhance resistance to felting and shrinkage. This research explores the potential of chitosan biopolymer as an effective anti-felting agent and enhancer of wool dyeability. With its non-toxic, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties, chitosan is a promising substitute for various textile finishes. Recent innovations include chitosan’s contribution to improving the digital printing process, particularly in enhancing color strength and sharpness on cotton fabric. Identifying a research gap in exploring the synergistic potential of chitosan for anti-felting, this study introduces an alkaline hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment to enhance chitosan absorption through the pad-dry-cure method. Chitosan, acting as a binder, is strategically applied in the pre-treatment to fix pigments with reactive inks during inkjet printing. Critical process parameters, such as chitosan concentration, curing temperature, and time, were optimized for area shrinkage (%) to achieve a felt-free property for wool. Subsequent optimization focuses on color strength, print sharpness, and washing durability of digitally printed patterns. The results obtained from this research were quite promising in terms of K/S value, wettability, pilling behavior, tensile strength, edge sharpness, washing fastness, and fabric shrinkage resistance.

Conjugation of chitosan oligosaccharide to papain for controllable anti-felting finishing of wool textiles

The application of protease as a biocatalyst for the anti-felting finishing of wool has been widely explored. However, commercial proteases tend to hydrolyze the non-keratinized proteins in the cell membrane complex (CMC) layer while removing wool scales, resulting in excessive hydrolysis and unacceptable fiber damage. Herein, chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) was covalently grafted to papain using carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) to prepare a less-destructive modified protease of Pap-COS. Subsequently, one-bath anti-felting finishing of wool was carried out using reducing agent and Pap-COS, aiming at achieving low shrinkage and reduced strength loss. The results reveal that Pap-COS achieved a larger particle size than native papain, accompanied by a prolongation of its half-life and a decrease in the thermal inactivation rate, demonstrating improved stability. Under the same incubation conditions, the felting shrinkage of wool fabrics treated with papain and Pap-COS was similar (approximately 5 %). In contrast, native papain caused a 20.82 % decrease in fabric strength, while Pap-COS resulted in a substantially lower decrease (8.10 %), meeting the requirements of commercial woolen products. Furthermore, the dyeing performance and wearability of the Pap-COS-treated wool fabrics were also dramatically improved. The present work provides an alternative for eco-friendly shrink-resistant finishing of woolen textiles in wool industry.

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Triallyl Isocyanurate Grafting and Thermo-mechanical Properties of Sheep Wool Fabric

Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Triallyl Isocyanurate Grafting and Thermo-mechanical Properties of Sheep Wool Fabric

Closed loop mechanical recyclability of post-consumer waste wool fabrics based on fibre length retention

Closed loop mechanical recyclability of post-consumer waste wool fabrics based on fibre length retention

Reduction Modification of Macromolecules in Wool Fabric for Improving the Adhesion with UV-Curable MXene/PUA Conductive Coating

Reduction Modification of Macromolecules in Wool Fabric for Improving the Adhesion with UV-Curable MXene/PUA Conductive Coating

Fabrication of multifunctional wool textile using the synthesis of silver-modified N-doped ZnO/TiO2 photocatalysts

Photocatalysts and noble metals have attracted considerable attention for their potential in addressing global environmental pollution through photochemical processes. At low temperatures, multifunctional self-cleanable wool fabric was developed through green photo-sonosynthesis of N–Ag/TiO2/ZnO. A narrower bandgap of the hybrid photocatalyst, the surface plasmonic resonance effect of silver nanostructures, and nitrogen doping resulted in synergistically enhanced self-cleaning activity. The self-cleaning activity was evaluated by monitoring the discoloration of methylene blue stains on the wool fabric exposed to natural sunlight, using CIELAB color space and ΔE measurements. The ΔE value of the N–Ag/TiO2/ZnO-sonicated wool was superior, showing a value of 45.9 compared to 15.7 for the control and 28.7 for the sample coated by the stirrer. Furthermore, the nanocomposite construction improved tensile strength, enhanced fabric hydrophilicity, and reduced the yellowness index. Additionally, the synthesis of TiO2 and silver particles on ZnO particles increased surface resistance to acid, reducing ZnO acid solubility. The reflectance of the non-treated wool ranged from 5 to 20 % within 200–380 nm, while the reflectance of the Ag/TiO2/ZnO-sonicated sample remained constant at 4 %, exhibiting protection against UV rays. AATCC test revealed 100 % bacteria reduction against E. coli and S. aureus and 99 % against C. albicans fungus for N–Ag/TiO2/ZnO-sonicated sample. Moreover, cell culture assays demonstrated a viability of over 70 %, indicating non-cytotoxicity.

Enzymatic coloration of wool fabrics and its comparison with conventional dyeing

Enzymatic coloration of wool fabrics and its comparison with conventional dyeing

Vapochromic wool fibers for hazardous ammonia detection using xanthohumol biomolecule from natural extract of common hop (Humulus lupulus L.)

Ammonia is a colorless gas, yet it can be fatal if inhaled or ingested in high enough concentrations. Herein, a solid-state colorimetric smart wool (WL) sensor for ammonia was developed. Common hop (Humulus lupulus L.) is a natural resource of spectroscopical dyestuff known as xanthohumol (XN). Wool fabrics were dyed with different concentrations of xanthohumol extract using the high-temperature high-pressure method in the presence of a mordant. The coloration parameters and absorption spectra were employed to explore the yellow-to-white colorimetric shift of the wool fabric after it was exposed to aqueous ammonia. The wool fabric showed an excellent detection limit of 5 to 125 ppm. When the ammonia concentration was increased, the absorbance spectra demonstrated a hypsochromic shift from 498 nm to 367 nm. This could be attributed to changes in the molecular structure of xanthohumol that happen owing to intramolecular charge delocalization. Using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the mordant/xanthohumol nanoparticles were measured to have diameters of 15–40 nm. The xanthohumol-finished wool fabrics showed good colorfastness properties. The incorporation of mordant/xanthohumol nanoparticles into wool fabrics showed no negative effects on their stiffness or air-permeability.

Enhanced coloration and functionality of wool fabric by Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin coated magnetic nanoparticles

The functionality and excellent low temperature dyeability of wool fabrics play a crucial role in expanding their potential applications in the fields of healthcare and technical textiles. The study proposes a highly effective modification method to impart coloration enhancement and functionality for wool fibers using lipoic acid (LA) as a coupling agent to bind hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) capped magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4). The structure and morphology of the modified wool fabrics (MWF) were characterized by various measure techniques including FT-ATR, FE-SEM/EDS, XRD, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). The results demonstrated the successful immobilization of HP-β-CD capped Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of wool fibers through LA. The MWF exhibited enhanced wettability, anti-wrinkle performance, improved UV resistance, effective antioxidation, and good antibacterial effect against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus). These properties were found to be dosage-dependent on LA. In addition, the dyed MWF with Curcumin and Acid red 1 demonstrated higher color strength compared to untreated wool, and the color strength (K/S value) reached to 17.1 and 23.4 respectively when using 4% (o.w.f) dye concentration at 80℃ without any pH adjustment. Furthermore, the dyed MWF with both dyes exhibited the improved rubbing and washing colorfastness. This study presents a potential effective approach for enhancement in the bio-functionality and dyeability of wool fabrics.

Bio-coloration and Antibacterial Function of Wool grafted with pomegranate peel polyphenols catalyzed by laccase

With the deterioration of environmental problems and world energy consumption, the improvement of textile dyeing has been paid more and more attention by researchers. The application of natural dyes in the dyeing of wool fabrics had become a research hotspot. However, the main drawback of the application of natural dyes lies in the poor color stability on wool fabrics. Therefore, research on environmentally and economically friendly dyeing processes has gained crucial importance. In this paper, the effect of pomegranate pigment on the functional dyeing of wool fabric under the catalysis of laccase was discussed. The dyeing effect of different methods on wool fabric was compared and the laccase catalytic dyeing process was optimized. Firstly, the properties of pomegranate peel pigment were analyzed by Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrum (UV-Vis) and Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Then the surface morphology and properties of wool fabric were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), microscope and FTIR. Lastly the function and stability of dyed wool fabric were tested by color characteristic value, UV resistance, antibacterial property, color fastness and tensile strength. The results showed that better dyeing effect of wool fabric were obtained by dyeing firstly with pomegranate peel and then catalysis with laccase. The optimum process of laccase catalysis was as follows: catalysis time 8 h, laccase dosage 3.3 U, temperature 50℃, pH 5. The results of SEM, FTIR and microscope tests showed that the phenolic compounds in the pigment of pomegranate peel was catalyzed by laccase to form the deepened coloration polymers and the phenolic polymers were finally combined with the wool fabric. Laccase-catalyzed dyed wool fabric showed good performance stability, such as color fastness to rubbing and soap-washing, strong antibacterial property, great enhancement of UV resistance and excellent tensile strength. The application of laccase in the natural dyeing process of textiles can provide a better way to improve the dyeing properties.

Highly Soft, Abrasion-Resistant, and Moisture-Absorbent Wool/PA56 Blended Yarns for Seating Fabrics.

Biobased nylon (PA56) not only has the same physical properties as nylon (PA6/PA66) but its production method is also more environmentally friendly. PA56 fabric has the advantages of moisture absorption, perspiration, high-temperature resistance, and flexibility, which have been widely studied by scientific researchers. Wool has the advantages of beauty, environmental protection, and anti-wrinkle. However, pure wool fabrics have low strength and are easy to shrink when washed, which has always been a problem. Hence, this work adopted the ring spinning method to prepare wool/PA56 blended yarn with wool content of 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 100 wt%. Thus, to examine the effects of different blending ratios and twists on yarn performance, PA56 was blended with wool. The results showed that findings indicate that yarn performance is influenced by both yarn twist and blending ratio. The yarn thickens and takes on more linear density as the blending ratio and yarn twist increase. As the wool ratio increases, the yarn's breaking stress and breaking strain decrease. It is obvious that the strength and elongation at break of pure PA56 yarn are 2.09 cN/Dtex and 33.92%, respectively. When the wool content was 100 wt%, the strength and elongation at break of the blended yarn were 0.66 cN/Dtex and 21.15%, respectively. With the amount of wool blending, the yarn hairiness index's H-value initially rises and subsequently falls. The percentage of blended wool reaches 50% at 2.14; less blending might exacerbate the yarn's stem, resulting in neps and unevenness features. The quality of the yarn improves as the blending percentage rises. The yarn has the advantages of resource saving, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness and has a broad application prospect in the automotive interior field.

Natural Dyeing of Cotton, Wool and Viscose Fabrics with Sodium Copper Chlorophyllin

This study investigates the optimal dyeing concentrations of cotton, wool, and viscose fabrics with sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC). Using SSC above the optimal concentration increases the amount of SCC in the wastewater, which is a disadvantage. Pre-finished 100% cotton, wool and viscose 1 x 1 rib knitted fabrics were dyed with varying SCC concentrations. Optimal dyeing concentrations were determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, showing dye absorption decreasing as SCC concentration increases. Equilibrium was reached at approximately 7 ml/L for cotton and viscose, and 3 ml/L for wool. Color measurement values and K/S values of the dyed samples were obtained according to the CIELab color system. The K/S values of dyed cotton, viscose, and wool fabrics rose as the concentration of SCC increased, reaching a peak at 9 ml/L for viscose and 12 ml/L for cotton and wool. Rubbing and perspiration fastness were rated good to excellent.