Wood Workers Research Articles

Developing the skills of female Early Childhood Education College students in creating wooden work teaching aids using woodcutting, engraving and veneering

Developing the skills of female Early Childhood Education College students in creating wooden work teaching aids using woodcutting, engraving and veneering

Impact of Government Intervention on Manufacturing Enterprises Innovation level, in Ethiopia

Besides alert devastation situation of Small Manufacturing Enterprises (SMEs) in the country, what support receives from the government, banking, microFinance institutions, technology transfer and their role in the local economic development are the main issues that need to be addressed. Hence, the main objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of government intervention on the Small Manufacturing Enterprises Innovation level in Tigray, Ethiopia. For this purpose, we conducted a survey of 464 small manufacturing enterprise (textile and garment, metal and wood works, input for construction, chemical products, jewellery, and agro-processing sectors) owners. The study is, stressed the primary data, adopt a Cross-sectional survey study with a mixed research approach, and the types of research are explanatory. Multistage cluster sampling was applied to select each business owner. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, propensity score matching and logistic regression were relayed for the analysis part with the help of Stata version 12. The average score innovation level of the enterprise is found at 2.89 which is assembled under the low innovators in the sample of the enterprise analyzed. Innovations activity has performed with the highest score level in the customer dimension. With regard to the PSM estimated, government intervention plays a significant role in utilizing innovation and technology transfer. Likewise, in a binary logistic regression, the study found that the intervention of the program has a positive effect on the innovation process dimension. Before and after matching, the findings of both models are similar in terms of the owner’s innovation of offering dimension, solution dimension, customer dimension, and value capture, which is positive and significant. Designing a new government policy intervention of Small Manufacturing Enterprises is among the resolutions to be applied by the government for purpose of productivity enhancement, self-employability, sustainability of the business and transforming to produce innovative products to replace imported goods.

POSITION OF THE NEUTRAL LINE AND ITS EFFECT ON DETERMINING THE ACTUAL MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WOOD UNDER TRANSVERSE BENDING

The analysis of the work of elements made of solid and glued wood under direct and oblique transverse bending with an increase in the level of short-term load was carried out. Coniferous wood, used in engineering structures, is an elastic-plastic anisotropic material for work both along and across the fibers. An exception is work on longitudinal tension. Within the limits from the beginning of loading and up to (0.9...0.95)% of the destructive wood works elastically, but in the future, as the loads increase, it also goes into the stage of nonlinear deformation. It has been established that many authors who conducted experimental and theoretical studies of the work of wooden beams indicate that the position of the neutral line of force in the cross section of the element under conditions of direct transverse bending at different levels of action of one-time loads changes its position. 108 The destruction of long wooden beams during transverse bending, due to the lower strength of wood in longitudinal compression compared to tension, begins in the compressed zone of the cross section with the formation of folds, which are often difficult to visually notice and record due to their instantaneous appearance and disappearance. in experimental studies. The final destruction of such beams takes place precisely in the stretched zone by breaking of the extreme fibers. Disproved theses on which the calculations of wooden structures, both from solid and glued wood for transverse bending, are based, which are carried out according to the current design standards of various countries using the limit state method with the prediction of the elastic work of wood from the beginning of loading to failure. It was established that the moment of resistance of the cross-section of a bending wooden element Wy can be determined only in the case when the force neutral line (plane) will pass only through the center of gravity of this section and when it is located in the middle of the beam at the height 2hх. The obtained results of the temporary resistance of wood in transverse bending, which are determined in the limit state using the moment of resistance of the cross section of the element Wy , are unreliable.

Wood dust and asthma.

Review recent developments on asthma associated with wood dust, given the increasing scale of wood handling and processing activities globally. Work in wood industries is associated with a significantly increased risk of respiratory symptoms, rhinitis and asthma. This can be attributed to traditional processing techniques and newer technologies producing complex bioaerosol exposures, which may include chemicals. Meta-analysis studies indicate strong evidence for wood dusts as occupational sensitizers for asthma, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. The global prevalence of asthma in wood workers ranges between 6-18% and for rhinitis 16-33%. Exposure estimates show wide variation. Risk factors include atopy and exposure to certain wood species, elevated current and cumulative particulate exposures. Future studies should focus on better characterization of wood dust allergens and other bioaerosol components, specific immunoglobulin E responses to different wood species, pathophysiological mechanisms underlying asthma, and modelling dose-response relationships using refined exposure metrics for dust particulate and other bioaerosol components. There is a need for improved health-based international exposure standards and effective workplace control measures to reduce exposures to wood dust particulate (hard and soft woods), endotoxin and β-glucan, to reduce the risks of asthma in wood workers.

Dynamics of pre-shift and post-shift lung function parameters among wood workers in Ghana.

Diseases affecting the lungs and airways contribute significantly to the global burden of disease. The problem in low- and middle-income countries appears to be exacerbated by a shift in global manufacturing base to these countries and inadequate enforcement of environmental and safety standards. In Ghana, the potential adverse effects on respiratory function associated with occupational wood dust exposure have not been thoroughly investigated. Sixty-four male sawmill workers and 64 non-woodworkers participated in this study. The concentration of wood dust exposure, prevalence and likelihood of association of respiratory symptoms with wood dust exposure and changes in pulmonary function test (PFT) parameters in association with wood dust exposure were determined from dust concentration measurements, symptoms questionnaire and lung function test parameters. Sawmill workers were exposed to inhalable dust concentration of 3.09 ± 0.04 mg/m3 but did not use respirators and engaged in personal grooming habits that are known to increase dust inhalation. The sawmill operators also showed higher prevalence and likelihoods of association with respiratory symptoms, a significant cross-shift decline in some PFT parameters and a shift towards a restrictive pattern of lung dysfunction by end of daily shift. The before-shift PFT parameters of woodworkers were comparable to those of non-woodworkers, indicating a lack of chronic effects of wood dust exposure. Wood dust exposure at the study site was associated with acute respiratory symptoms and acute changes in some PFT parameters. This calls for institution and enforcement of workplace and environmental safety policies to minimise exposure at sawmill operating sites, and ultimately, decrease the burden of respiratory diseases.

The use of information technology in the design of chippers for the production of technological chips

Currently, there is an acute problem of reducing the harmful effects of humans on the environment, the introduction of resource-saving technologies that allow the maximum use of natural raw materials with a minimum percentage of waste. In the production of products at wood working and sawmill enterprises, a large amount of wood waste is generated that requires either disposal or use for the production of wood chips and shavings used in the production of chipboard, OSB boards, fuel briquettes and pellets. Processing of wood waste is carried out in various chippers of a stationary and mobile type, while it must be taken into account that a large amount of wood waste is generated in cutting areas, lower warehouses of enterprises, therefore, mobile chippers must be used for their processing. Given that the diameter of the chipping disc can exceed 1000 mm at a speed of up to 1500 rpm, during the operation of the chipper, significant loads on the working tool and vibration occur, which can lead to its failure. Vibration during the operation of the chipper can be the result of both design errors and occur when the cutting knives are blunt.

An insight into rural entrepreneurship through tourism development and its impact on the living conditions of local communities in India

The uniqueness of Indian culture, tradition, way of life, historical, legendary things, heritages and other attractive tourist spots, especially the rural parts of our country is the most significant factor for the development of local community. The existence of bright spots like Kulu Manali, Jammu Kashmir, Ootacamund, Kodaikanal and other temples, churches, Ajmer Dharga, Taj Mahal are the most preferential points both by the domestic as well as foreign tourists. In the light of the above discussion, how these parts create entrepreneurial tendency among the local community either by the way of entering into the venture of setting many hotels, travels, tour operations, guides and sales emporiums. Each and every tourism parts in India in the local areas directly created employment and income. Moreover the prosperous and dynamic people in the rural areas may come forward to act as a liaison agent between the tourist and the localities. Automatically the tendency of the rural elites may emerge in to setup many entrepreneurial ventures. Especially in the parts of north eastern hill areas popularly known as 7 sisters of Indian states enter into displacing their handicraft works, sculptures, wooden works and other traditional hand made goods largely sold to the tourist. By this way a lot of income and employment opportunities have been emerged. In this paper the researchers seems to explain the overall entrepreneurial abilities among the local communities through the development of rural tourism in India with some expositions.

Organizing Informal Workers Globally: Comparing a Global Union Federation and a Global Informal Worker Organization Network

With economic globalization and with the precarization and informalization of work, efforts have increased to build global labour alliances among formal workers on the one hand and to organize informal workers on the other. These two endeavours overlap considerably. Global labour organizations have taken on a growing role in organizing and advocating for informal workers. I explore this overlap by comparing two global labour federations: one arising from heterogeneous networks of informal workers—the International Domestic Workers Federation (IDWF)—and a longstanding one of formal employees that has increasingly attempted to include informal workers—the Building and Wood Workers International (BWI). For both cases, I draw on five sources: secondary literature; archival material from the two federations; seven semi-structured interviews with experts on and members of these federations, plus a meeting with a small group of BWI leaders; and observations of several IDWF and BWI events. This comparison yields two striking findings. First, despite contrasting environments and historical legacies, the two federations show much convergence in strategy. Second, they clearly differ in their degree of adherence to the standard trade union model, as a result of differences in assets and challenges. The BWI is strongly wedded to the conventional model and struggles to reach informal workers, while enjoying a robust inflow of membership dues. The IDWF is committed to welcoming a variety of organizations and readily mobilizes informal workers, while suffering from an anemic inflow of membership dues. These challenges must be met not just for the survival of the BWI and the IDWF but also for the prospect of organizing globally to defend informal and precarious workers. Abstract With economic globalization and with the precarization and informalization of work, efforts have increased to build global labour alliances among formal workers on the one hand and to organize informal workers on the other. These two endeavours overlap considerably. Global labor organizations have taken on a growing role in organizing and advocating for informal workers. I explore this overlap by comparing two global labour federations: one arising from heterogeneous networks of informal workers—the International Domestic Workers Federation—and a longstanding one of formal employees that has increasingly attempted to include informal workers—the Building and Wood Workers International. The contrast reveals similarities, divergences and trade-offs, with important implications for the future potential for building global organizations of informal workers.

Thorn

How does our own perspective limit our ability to understand the different perspectives of others, and what can we do to minimize our own bias? In this work of historical ethical fiction, Timothy the builder, the most important carpenter in the community, has gotten word of a talented upstart who seems perfectly content to stay poor while producing exquisite wood work. Timothy visits the carpenter on several occasions, first to hire him (he refuses) then to threaten to put him out of business. In each case Timothy is unable believe the reasons the carpenter gives for being disinterested in playing the competing businesses game. Even after Timothy’s loyal assistant leaves him for the carpenter, he is still unable to overcome his own bias and see the alternative perspective.

Respecting the Manning Family: Jane Manning James and Her Family in Wilton, Connecticut

Respecting the Manning Family: Jane Manning James and Her Family in Wilton, Connecticut

Willingness to Pay for Wood Work Enterprises to Recover Deforested Softwood Trees in Eastern Ethiopia

Willingness to Pay for Wood Work Enterprises to Recover Deforested Softwood Trees in Eastern Ethiopia

How Russia’s trade with China influences carbon dioxide emissions in Russian regions

The Sino-Russian partnership has become one of the hottest issues in contemporary international politics. Significantly, the highest potential is in the movement of both countries to Carbon Neutrality. China pursues the goal to reach its carbon peak by 2030, aiming to achieve net-zero carbon dioxide emissions. The Russian government is also involved in new programs concerning emissions reduction. The two countries plan to collaborate on a new level of responsibility and transregional interconnection. The paper aims to analyze the influence of Russia’s trade with China on carbon dioxide emissions in Russian regions. The authors present a review of carbon dioxide emissions between the two countries, explore the processes of trade in several categories of products and outline forward forecast tendencies. The paper uses complicated forecasting modeling in Python to assess the prospects of trade collaboration between Russia and China untill 2030. It makes forecasts of the volumes of carbon dioxide emissions and environmental trends till 2030. The research results show that the highest levels of emissions are observed in the industries “Mineral products”, “Chemical products” and “Animal husbandry and fishing products and services”, while “Wood works and furniture”, and “Agriculture products and services” produce considerably fewer emissions.

Seduction, deception and technology.

This paper proposes that exploring the use of internet pornography creates a potentially beneficial, albeit defensive liminal space that can be used therapeutically. The content of compelling sexual scenes can be viewed as the psyche's way of mastering internal trauma and masking an inner emptiness. However, from a Jungian perspective, the use of internet pornography can also be seen as a patient's distorted way of trying to make dissociated affects more bearable by triumphing over them. The sexual use of technology can express intrapsychic conflict encapsulated in what Stoller called 'microdots'. Stoller's microdots are unique scripts - a kind of emotional code that gives clinicians an opportunity to reveal unconscious processes and transcend them through meaning making. Wood's work at the Portman Clinic on the chosen 'compelling scenarios' of pornography-addicted patients is also examined with this Jungian lens. Jung's idea of the transcendent function is used to show the value of holding the tension of fantasy and frustration provoked by intimacy. The paper illustrates how they come together within the therapeutic relationship to stimulate something new.

Factor Affecting Purchase of Quality Wood: Understanding Perceptions of Wood Workers Using Logistic Regression Model

Woodworkers purchase wood from farmlands as well as from the timber markets, transport them and later convert them into usable products keeping in mind their profitability and customer relationship. Wood with problems not only devoid woodworkers with profit, in turn, affect customers with low quality products. This research is, therefore, formulated to understand factor affecting wood workers ‘choice of quality wood in Multan timber market, Pakistan. A total of 60 respondents were interviewed by administering questionnaire using snow-ball sampling technique. The wealth of information obtained thus analyzed using logistic regression technique to draw meaningful inferences. The results revealed that wood problem related to Insect’s pests and diseases (B= .234, Wald 3.687, sig .05), wood defects (B=-.294, Wald 3.833, Sig -.050) and perception of safe transportation (B= 3.833, Wald= 5.479, sig =.019) positively affect wood workers’ choice of quality wood purchase. The research concluded that woods available in timber markets should be free from insect pests and defects damage to save woodworkers and customers premiums. This might entail trainings organized by government for consumers and wood workers to identify wood problems and purchase quality woods.

Impact of climate change on wood and woodworkers-Cryptostroma corticale (sooty bark disease): A risk factor for trees and exposed employees.

Climate changes have promoted an increased fungal infection of maple trees with Cryptostroma corticale, the causative agent of sooty bark disease. The hosts of C. corticale are maples, and since the early 2000s the fungus has been appearing more frequently in European forests, due to the droughts and hot summers of recent years. Infestation by C. corticale discolors the wood and makes it unusable for further processing, which leads to considerable economic damage in the timber industry. Therefore, the occurrence and spread of sooty bark disease raise serious problems. In addition to forestry and economic problems, the conidiospores of C. corticale can also cause health problems in exposed wood workers and they can trigger hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Since the spores, which are deposited over the entire area under the bark of infected trees, can spread during processing, exposed workers must take special precautions to protect themselves against exposure. If an occupational disease is nevertheless suspected following exposure to C. corticale, valid diagnostics are required to confirm possible HP and derive appropriate therapies and exposure reduction or avoidance. Diagnosis of HP is based on several criteria, one of them is the detection of specific IgG in patient's serum against the potentially triggering antigens, in this case C. corticale antigens. To produce a diagnostic tool to measure C. corticale specific IgG, which is not commercially available so far, spores and mycelial material from ITS-sequenced strains of C. corticale was prepared and analyzed. These biochemically characterized extracts of spore and mycelial antigens were biotinylated and coupled to Streptavidin-ImmunoCAPs. To validate these diagnostic test tools the first step is to measure the concentration of C. corticale specific IgG in sera of healthy non-exposed and healthy exposed subjects to establish cut-off values. Suitable participants were recruited and the individual exposure to C. corticale and symptoms experienced during or after working with infected maple trees were recorded using questionnaires. Finally, diagnostic tools for serological testing in suspected cases of HP by C. corticale were created and evaluated. The following article provides recommendations for the treatment and disposal of infected damaged wood and for occupational health protection procedures. Secondly, the diagnosis of HP induced by exposure to C. corticale as an occupational disease is described including the verification of newly developed serological test tools for antigens of C. corticale.

Architectural improvements to increase reverberation and reduce flutter echo in two music rehearsal rooms

New music rehearsal rooms at a small college suffered from flutter echo and very short reverberation times. The architecture of these rooms included visually elegant designs which the college wanted to retain if feasible. We coordinated with the college, the architect, and a wood worker to develop concept ideas for improvement which would be cost effective and retain the elegant architectural. By using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulation and mock-up listening tests, we evaluated the acoustic properties of these concept options. After completion of these tests and simulations, a design was implemented in each room based on acoustic performance and visual impact. We will present measurement results pre- and post-renovation, along with our methodology used for the FDTD analysis and mockup testing.

메이지 국가 건설기 일본 미술과 다카무라 고운

With the Meiji Restoration, Takamura Kōun(1852∼1934), a craftsman specializing in carving Buddhist icons, lost his traditional job and got new ones. Instead of Buddhist icon commissions, which decreased because of Haibutsu kishaku(literally “abolish Buddhism and destroy Shākyamuni”), Kōun produced crafts for export and monuments of historical heroes. “Old Monkey,” the first Meiji wooden work designated as an important cultural property, was carved by Kōun to submit it to the World’s Columbian Exposition in 1893 in Chicago and the two most famous modern Japanese monuments, the “Kusunoki Masashige Statue” in front of the Imperial Palace and the “Saigō Takamori Statue” in Ueno Park, were produced under the direction of Kōun. Kōun’s transformation from ‘craftsman’ to ‘sculptor’ was closely intertwined with the Meiji government’s art administration, which used art as a tool for “Shokusan Kōgyō”(encouragement of new industry) and an apparatus for the construction of national identity and reinforcement of nationalism. However, Kōun’s son, Takamura Kōtarō(1883-1956) as a representative modernist of the Taishō era, could not accept Kōun’s work as art. To Kōtarō, strongly influenced by the art theory of modernism asserting that art should be the self-expression of autonomous individuals, Kōun seemed a figure lacking self-consciousness as an artist and an anachronism living in the modern era with a craftsman’s ethos. This article explores the ways in which the craftsman’s ethos of Kōun, which has been considered as a limitation for him and the legacy of the old days, worked for the production of “art for the nation” that the new era of Meiji required. By examining how Meiji artist Kōun, distinguished from Edo craftsmen and Taishō modernists, used his skills for the nation and succeeded in life and career, I explore the relationship between nation-building and art in Meiji Japan.

The Effect of Job Engagement on Employee Performance with Employee Loyalty and Turnover Intention as a Variable Mediating at One of Manufacturing Company in Semarang City

Abstract The purpose of this study is to examine and Analyze the effect of job engagement on employee performance with employee loyalty and turnover intention as a mediating variable at one of manufacturing company (musical instrument furniture, wood working and plastic injection) located in the industrial area of Wijaya Kusuma, Semarang, Central Java. The sample technique used is random sampling by using questionnaires and was distributed to 120 respondents consisting of contract employees with a minimum working period is 3 months, with returned data as many 117 questionnaires, and which later was proceeding as many 113 questionnaires. The data is then processed and analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) which is operated by AMOS. The result of this study was found there is a significant effect between job engagement on employee performance; there is also a significant effect between job engagement on employee loyalty; then there is a significant effect between job engagement on turnover intention; then there is a significant effect between employee loyalty on employee performance; and in addition, there is a significant effect between turnover intention on employee performance. The findings are discussed in the light of previous evidence, and the implications can be used for the company.Key word :Job Engagement;Employee Performance; Employee Loyalty; Turnover Intention and Manufacturing Company

Are we any closer to understanding why fish can die after severe exercise?

AbstractPost‐exercise mortality (PEM) may occur when fish exercise to exhaustion and are pushed so far beyond their physiological limits that they can no longer sustain life. Although fish exercise to overcome a variety of natural challenges, the phenomenon of PEM is most often observed as the result of interactions between fish and humans. The seminal work of Black (Can J Fish Aquat Sci, 15:573, 1958) and Wood et al. (J Fish Biol, 22:189, 1983) provided a foundation for exploring the potential causes of PEM in fish. With no “silver bullet” explaining PEM being apparent, contemporary research has continued to focus on physiological mechanisms of exhaustion in fish, including factors such as oxygen delivery, ion regulation, hormone signalling, and cardiac function. This paper provides an overview of these studies, and reviews the continuous improvement in data collection methods, tools, and experimental protocols used to examine the PEM phenomenon. These studies of exhaustion have played an important role in informing management actions for activities such as bycatch revival and fish passage. Since the contribution of Wood et al. (Journal of Fish Biology, 22(2):189–201, 1983), the combined efforts of fundamental and applied research have yielded a greater understanding of why fish die after severe exercise, yet much remains to be explored through future work.

Machining Properties of Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) Wood and Its Utilization Potential for Furniture Manufacturing

There is no comfortable and environmentally friendly way to avoid using wood for manufacturing different kinds of furniture as well as other uses. Thus, it is highly needed to identify machining properties in any wood working of its selection for particular utilization. The study was conducted to ascertain planing, boring, shaping, mortising, turning, etc. machining properties of Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood species grown in the south-eastern region of Bangladesh. Some related handtool properties of this wood were also tested. In both machining and handtool property tests, the evaluation was based on the frequency of defects of the property samples. All of the property sample defects were assessed by both visual and tactile inspection, and the percentage of property tests was determined. Each property sample was classified five quality grades based on sample defects. Shellac and carpa polishing materials were also applied to determine finishing quality. Five furniture were manufactured with this wood and put under service test as well. The results introduced overall good working qualities, and the Eucalyptus camaldulensis wood could be suitable for the materials of furniture. Among different operations, only mortising property resulted in 100% qualified grade in machining and handtool tests when shaping and boring rated the same in machining tests. This wood exhibited 100 % and 90 % excellent shaping and mortising quality in machining tests respectively. Planing property yielded no excellent or good result in handtool tests. The property value of different tests should just be considered as indicatory.