Wood Waste Ash Research Articles

Green technology and sustainable urban drainage systems using eco-composite porous concrete: A preliminary study

Eco-composite in porous concrete is designed with the mix of concrete and a cement replacement, which have the element waste material that being recycled, for example, rice husk ash (RHA), egg shells, palm oil fly ash, wood waste ash, and many more, for the purpose of ecologically sustainable development, and also for managing stormwater quantity and quality. The various researches related to eco-composite materials have been done, mainly as the construction and building materials. Besides, the porous concrete itself is mainly being used as paving material for the construction of parking lots, sidewalks and secondary roads. Thus, the good quality of porous concrete in terms of the concrete strength, the workability, the porosity, and so on are required. Meanwhile, previous researches related to effective microorganisms (EM) as an admixture in concrete have been done. However, the previous researches of eco-composite, specifically using RHA and EM did not focus on the drainage systems. Therefore, this paper presents a preliminary study of the eco-composite using RHA and EM as a cement replacement, as a green technology and sustainable development in urban drainage systems. For the part of the research, this technology, which is drain covers (slab) as part of the drainage system has been implemented in several areas in Selangor, specifically in Shah Alam in order to mitigate the flash flood, stagnant water lead to the mosquitos fertilization issue, and vandalism of the drainage cover, which cause a safety issue for public. The early findings seem encouraging that indicates the eco-composite porous concrete can be successfully in construction.

The potential use of wood waste ash nanofiller for improvement of laminated veneer lumber production made from Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba)

The objective of this research was to improve the bonding properties of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and its strength made from Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) wood bonded using phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesive mixed with nanofiller made from wood waste ash as substitution material of industrial filler produced from wheat flour. Wood waste ash (WWA) produced from boiler installation of plywood mill was converted into nanoparticle using conventional ball milling for 144 h. WWA nanoparticle was characterized to analyze its particle size, morphology, chemical components and thermal properties. The WWA nanoparticle then added to PF adhesive as a nanofiller under various compositions based on weight: (A) PF 100% + hardener 8%; (B) PF 100% + hardener 8% + wheat flour filler 8%; (C) PF 100% + hardener 8% + WWA nanofiller 2.5% and (D) PF 100% + hardener 8% + WWA nanofiller 8%. These compositions of PF adhesive are then used to produce the LVL from Jabon wood and evaluated its bonding and mechanical properties. Compared to wheat flour filler, PF adhesive filled using nanofiller of 2.5% exhibited the improvement in LVL bonding and strength properties, and the increased values of horizontal shear strength on flat and edge direction were 94% and 107%, respectively. Additionally, the increased values of modulus of rupture (MOR) on flat and edge direction were 62% and 32%, respectively, and modulus of elasticity (MOE) on flat and edge direction was 39% and 16%, respectively.

English

English

Potential of Wood Waste Ash as an Additive in Fibre Reinforced Concrete

Potential of Wood Waste Ash as an Additive in Fibre Reinforced Concrete

The incorporation of wood waste ash as a partial cement replacement material for making structural grade concrete: An overview

With increasing industrialization, the industrial byproducts (wastes) are being accumulated to a large extent, leading to environmental and economic concerns related to their disposal (land filling). Wood ash is the residue produced from the incineration of wood and its products (chips, saw dust, bark) for power generation or other uses. Cement is an energy extensive industrial commodity and leads to the emission of a vast amount of greenhouse gases, forcing researchers to look for an alternative, such as a sustainable building practice. This paper presents an overview of the work and studies done on the incorporation of wood ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete from the year 1991 to 2012. The aspects of wood ash such as its physical, chemical, mineralogical and elemental characteristics as well as the influence of wood ash on properties such as workability, water absorption, compressive strength, flexural rigidity test, split tensile test, bulk density, chloride permeability, freeze thaw and acid resistance of concrete have been discussed in detail.

Use of Wastes in Developing Mortar – A Review

This paper is a literature review about the use of wastes in masonry mortar. Wastes such as wood waste ash, municipal solid waste, ground waste seashells, glass waste, fly ash, corn cob ash and palm oil fuel ash are used to replace cement as the binding material. Wastes of Cathode Ray Tube (CRTs) glass, plastic waste, construction demolition wastes, foundry sand and quarry dust are used as a replacement for fine aggregates. Additives such as recycled copper tailings and animal proteins also improve the properties of masonry mortar. It is learnt that certain percentages of wastes can be used as substitutes for binding materials and fine aggregates and therefore the ideal amount of waste can be determined.

Study on the Utilization of Paper Mill Sludge as Partial Cement Replacement in Concrete

A major problem arising from the widespread use of forestry biomass and processed timber waste as fuel is related to the production of significant quantities of ash as a by-product from the incineration of such biomasses. A major portion (approximately 70%) of the wood waste ash produced is land-filled as a common method of disposal. If the current trend continues with waste products, such as paper mill sludge landfills, a large amount of space would be required by 2020. A revenue study was conducted as a result of investigations into the use of paper mill sludge as recycled materials and additives in concrete mixes for use in construction projects. The study had to provide the assurance that the concrete produced had the correct mechanical strength. Concrete mixes containing paper mill sludge were prepared, and their basic strength characteristics such as the compressive strength, flexural strength, ultra pulse velocity and dynamic modulus elasticity were tested. Four concrete mixes, i.e. a control mix, and a 10%, 20%, and 30% mix of paper mill sludge as cement replacement for concrete were prepared with a DoE mix design by calculating the weight of cement, sand and aggregate. The performance of each concrete specimen was compared with the strength of the control mix. As a result, when the percentage of paper mill sludge in the concrete increased, the strength decreased. Overall, a high correlation was observed between density and strength of the concrete containing paper mill sludge.

Investigation of Biomass Ash Sintering Characteristics and the Effect of Additives

In this work, the effects of three additives (sewage sludge, marble sludge, and clay sludge) on the sintering behaviors of two types of biomass ash (wheat straw and wood waste ash) were investigated. The ability of the additives to abate sintering was evaluated by performing standard ash fusion characterization and laboratory-scale sintering tests on mixtures of biomass ash and additives. The possible mechanisms underlying the anti-sintering effects of the additives were examined using a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM–EDX) analyses of residues from the sintering tests. The best anti-sintering effect was achieved when marble sludge was used. The diluting effect of the marble sludge on the biomass ashes is considered to be the main reason for the decreased degree of ash sintering. In addition, Ca from the marble sludge may promote the formation of high-temperature melting silicates and phosphates with low K/Ca ratios. These c...

Characterisation of High Calcium Wood Ash for Use as a Constituent in Wood Ash-Silica Fume Ternary Blended Cement

The potential stabilization of high calcium wood waste ash (HCWWA) derived from the wood biomass energy production for use as cementitious material using another industrial by-product, silica fume, was investigated. Throughout the study, both HCWWA and DSF were characterized in term of their respective chemical composition and mineralogical phases. Besides, physical characteristics of HCWWA and DSF in terms of particle grading and specific surface area were established in order to evaluate their suitability as for use as constituent material in blended cement. Additionally, compressive strength properties of high strength mortar produced using HCWWA and DSF blended cement were investigated. Results indicated that the use of HCWWA as a partial cement replacement did not have significant adverse effect on the workability of fresh mortar. The enhancement of the compressive of mortar was observed for mortar mixes containing DSF and HCWWA levels of cement replacement up to 16%.

Potential of Wood Waste Ash as an Additive in Concrete

The enormous amount of wastes produced during wood processing operations in many countries provides challenging opportunities for the use of wood waste as a construction material. In this research, wood waste (sawdust and wood shaving) ash (WWA) of pretreated timber of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30% by weight of cement was added as a supplement to a concrete of mix proportion 1:2:4:0.56 (cement:sand:coarse aggregate:water cement ratio), and the strengths and the water absorption of the matrix were evaluated. Also, the metal leachability of WWA was analyzed. The compressive and the flexural strengths of WWA concrete for the ages investigated ranged from 12.83to28.66N∕mm2, and 3.65to5.57N∕mm2, respectively, with the lowest values obtained at 30% additive level of ash. When compared with the strength of plain concrete (control), the compressive and flexural strengths of WWA concrete were between 62 and 91% and 65 and 98%, respectively, of the former. The trend of the water absorption of WWA concrete was a reversal of those of the strengths, that is, the highest water absorption values were recorded for concrete specimens with the highest additive level of ash. A batch leaching test also performed at an ash-leachant volumetric ratio of 20 produced leachate containing chromium, arsenic, iron, copper, and zinc at the following concentrations: 410, 6720, 150, 280, and 1690μg∕L, respectively, when leached at a pH of 4, and 400, 10,670, 0, 100, 1470μg∕L, respectively, when leached at a pH of 5. These concentration levels exceed the EPA fresh water acute criteria limits.

Adsorption property of carbon-zeolite porous material prepared from wood waste and coal fly ash

Adsorption property of carbon-zeolite porous material prepared from wood waste and coal fly ash