Wood's Lamp Research Articles

Generalized Demodicosis and Malasseziosis in a Pug Mix Dog

A 12-year-old female pug mix dog presented a skin problem with itching, and alopecia in the neck, facial, and extremity areas. Findings of scales, hyperpigmentation, and erythema are present almost throughout the body, along with crusts on the cranial and caudal extremities and a foul body odor. Wood's lamp examination revealed a yellowish-green fluorescence in the ear and ventral areas of the body. The skin tape examination revealed an infestation of Demodex sp. mites accompanied by Malassezia sp. hematological analysis indicated that the dog presented anemia. The dog was diagnosed with demodicosis with a secondary infection of Malassezia sp. The therapy provided consisted of antiparasitic drugs such as imidacloprid and moxidectin (Advocate®); the long-acting antibiotic enrofloxacin was administered at a dose of 200 mg intramuscularly, along with the oral antibiotic amoxicillin and clavulanic acid at a dose of 31.25mg/kg BW every 12 hours. Additionally, oral antifungal medication ketoconazole was given at 25mg/kg BW every 12 hours, along with ketoconazole cream. Oral antihistamine mebhydroline napsylate was administered at 25mg/kg BW every 12 hours. Furthermore, multivitamins and hair vitamins were given at a dose of 2 ml once every 24 hours. After seven days of treatment, an evaluation was conducted, and it was observed that the dog's condition had improved, indicated by a reduction in the intensity of scratching.

A Mist Under Woods Lamp: fungal infection covered by eyedrops.

A Mist Under Woods Lamp: fungal infection covered by eyedrops.

Reliability of using Wood's lamp by shelter personnel to diagnose Microsporum canis in cats.

Optimising diagnostic methods inshelters sothat they are aseconomical aspossible for the shelter isespecially important because shelters often have asignificant lack offunds and sousually donot carry out preventive screening ofcats. Dermatophyte fungi spread quickly and can infect shelter staff. The aim ofour work was toidentify the occurrence ofMicrosporum canis inshelter cats. Itaimed todetermine the prevalence ofM.canis incats atthe selected shelter and compare the efficiency ofdetection using aWood's lamp and culturing onSabouraud's agar. All cats present inthe shelter atthe time ofthe study (n=70) were examined with Wood's lamp and hair sampling followed bysubsequent culturing onSabouraud's agar. Identification offungi was based onmicroscopic proof ofmacroconidia and microconidia. The prevalence ofM.canis bydiagnosis onSabouraud's agar was 64.29% ofcats, with the help ofWood's lamp 48.57% ofcats showed positive fluorescence. The sensitivity ofthe Wood lamp examination was 71% and the specificity was 92%. Our study suggests that Wood's lamp could beused bytrained shelter personnel for the first examination ofcats atreception and could significantly reduce the risk ofspreading M.canis inshelters.

Using ultraviolet light in diagnosing scabies: Scabies' Sign via Wood's Lamp

Using ultraviolet light in diagnosing scabies: Scabies' Sign via Wood's Lamp

THE EFFECT OF MANDELIC ACID ON ACNE-AFFECTED FACIAL SKIN

As the technology of cosmetology procedures advances, new substances and hardware appear, the aesthetic meaning of the human body improves. Problematic oily facial skin causes psychological discomfort and affects people's quality of life, worsening their social and emotional wellbeing. Problems with oily facial skin include seborrheic dermatitis, acne.
 The aim of the study. To evaluate the effect of mandelic acid on facial skin affected by acne.
 Methods. Mixed method. The study was conducted in February - April 2023. A 23-year-old research participant was selected through targeted selection. The study applied: the method of comparative analysis in assessing facial skin parameters every second procedure. The monitoring method was chosen by evaluating skin changes with the help of the diagnostic device WOOD LAMP. The testing method was chosen by measuring the level of acne prevalence in the epidermis. The client's 4-chapter card was used to collect anamnesis; the use of cosmetic products at home, lifestyle, health and skin condition were examined.
 Results. After a course of procedures, a lower level of skin inflammation, skin sensitivity, fewer rashes and pigment spots, small capillaries are barely noticeable, only a network of cracked capillaries can be seen in larger areas of the face.
 Conclusions. Mandelic acids effectively reduce inflammatory processes in facial skin affected by acne, promote faster skin regeneration, and do not cause severe skin necrosis. In the central part of the face, the elements of the rash and the inflammatory area of the skin decreased significantly.

The Comparison of Ketokonazol and Hypochlorous Acid (Hocl) Applications for the Treatment of The Fungal Infections (Dermatophytosis)

Dermatophytosis is a mycotic disease of the skin that is resistant to treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment efficacy of a novel antimicrobial agent, Hypochlorous Acid (HOCL), on dermatophytosis of cats and dogs, in comparison with Ketaconazole.
 In this study, a total of 76 animals (26 cats and 50 dogs) without any disease other than skin fungal infection after clinical, hematological, biochemical, microscopic and Wood's lamp examinations were used. Subjects were randomly assigned to two equal treatment groups within their own species as HOCL: HP and Ketaconazole: KT. Naked eye inspection results were collected on the 8th, 11th and 15th days of all patients. The study was terminated on the 15th day by collecting the Wood's lamp and microscopic examination data together with the last inspection finding. Findings were analyzed statistically with chi-square and CART (Classification and Regression Tree) algorithm test.
 Inspection results of the treatment groups exhibited significant recovery over time (day 8, 11 and 15) for both species (p0.05). According to the microscopic examination results, a significant statistical difference was observed between the HP and KT groups (p0.05).
 As a result, it was concluded that HOCl has an effect on dermatophytosis of cat and dogs, although not as much as Ketaconazole, but further studies are needed to reveal the results more clearly.

Pediatric tinea capitis in Jilin Province: analyzing previous results from a new perspective.

To investigate the current etiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of tinea capitis in children in Jilin Province. Sixty pediatric patients with tinea capitis were enrolled between August 2020 and December 2021. Data on calcofluor white (CFW) fluorescence microscopy, fungal culture, Wood's lamp examination, dermoscopy, treatment, and follow-up were collected and analyzed. 1. Of all the enrolled patients, 48 had a history of animal contact, mostly with cats and dogs. Fifty-one strains were isolated, of which 46 were Microsporum canis (M. canis). 2. All enrolled patients were examined using fluorescence microscopy, and 59 were positive. Forty-one cases of tinea alba were examined using Wood's lamp, and 38 were positive. Forty-two cases of tinea alba were examined using dermoscopy, and 39 demonstrated specific signs. Effective treatment manifested as a fading bright green fluorescence, decreased mycelial/spore load, reduced specific dermoscopic signs, and hair regrowth. 3. Treatment was terminated in 23 and 37 cases based on mycological and clinical cures, respectively. No recurrence occurred during follow-up. 1. M. canis is the predominant pathogen causing tinea capitis in children in Jilin Province. Animal contact is considered the main risk factor. 2. CFW fluorescence microscopy, Wood's lamp, and dermoscopy can be used to diagnose ringworms and follow-up patients. 3. Both mycological and clinical cures can be the endpoint of adequate treatment for tinea capitis.

The dermoscopic characteristics of melasma in relation to different skin phototypes, distribution patterns and wood lamp findings: a cross-sectional study of 236 melasma lesions.

Melasma is an acquired, pigmentary disorder characterized by the appearance of brown to bluish-gray patches with well-demarcated or ill-defined borders, most commonly on the face. This challenging hyperpigmentation disorder is generally observed in women; sun exposure, pregnancy, oral contraceptive use, genetic influences and chemical agents are some etiopathogenetic factors. Even though readily diagnosed by clinical examination; dermoscopy, Wood lamp findings and histopathology may also help the clinicians to confirm the diagnosis and to disclose the features of the melasma such as melanin depth and melasma type. In our study, we aimed to investigate the dermoscopic properties of facial melasma in accordance with different skin phototypes, age, distribution patterns, presence of other facial dermatoses, etiological factors and wood lamb findings. In the present cross-sectional study, patients clinically diagnosed with facial melasma in a secondary care hospital were included. Demographical data, personal history, distribution patterns of the melasma, dermoscopic features, Wood lamp examination findings, the presence of any other facial dermatosis, possible underlying risk factors and skin phototypes were determined. One hundred fifty nine patients with a total number of 236 melasmas with variable distribution patterns were included. The mean age was 37.91years, whereas the mean age at the onset of the melasma was 32.43years. One hundred thirty three participants were females, whereas 26 were males. The most prevalent risk factors of melasma were exposure to UV light (62.2%), pregnancy (50.6%) and genetic predisposition (43.6%). The most common melasma localization was cheek (43.6%) followed by T zone (33.1%). The most common dermoscopic findings were brown reticular pseudonetwork (73.3%), increased vascularity and telangiectasia (51.7%) and brown clods (33.1%). Brown reticular pseudonetwork was present at a higher rate in patients with skin phototype V compared to the ones with skin phototype II (p = 0.033). Our study shows that dermoscopic findings of melasma may differ across different skin phototypes, melasma localizations, possible associated risk factors and age.

Fluorescein Mapping in Vulvar Paget Disease.

Vulvar Paget disease often requires extensive and, in some cases, multiple resections to treat. A fluorescein-mapping procedure followed by a staged vulvectomy may be an effective technique to tailor resection and identify clinically occult lesions. We describe a two-step procedure; first, intravenous fluorescein sodium is injected, and the vulva is illuminated with a Wood's lamp. Representative biopsies are obtained and correlated on final pathology with the extent of disease to develop a final plan for excision. Second, using fluorescein to identify the confirmed areas of disease, the appropriate excisional procedure is performed once mapping biopsy pathology is known. We describe our experience with eight patients with vulvar Paget disease undergoing fluorescein mapping biopsies and staged vulvectomy. Using intravenous fluorescein sodium, all patients were found to have Paget disease beyond the visible margins of their gross lesions. No patients experienced a recurrence of Paget disease within a median follow-up time of 32 months, comparable with other directed methods of surgical resection. We report a technique for the injection of fluorescein sodium for the visualization of vulvar Paget disease capable of providing accurate surgical margins and identification of occult satellite lesions with a high degree of safety and a favorable cost profile. This staged approach to vulvectomy could offer improved accuracy of resection for vulvar Paget disease with few drawbacks.

Neonatal-Onset Inflammatory Tinea Capitis by Microsporum canis Due to a Woolen Hat.

Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection in children, but it is rare in newborns. We report a case of a 3-week-old infant presenting with scalp annular erythema. She had a history of wearing a woolen hat one week before the disease onset. Wood's lamp and dermoscopic findings favoured the diagnosis of tinea capitis. Further examinations of her scalp, including direct KOH examination and fungal culture confirmed the diagnosis of tinea capitis caused by treatment with oral griseofulvin was effective. Neonatal tinea capitis is often misdiagnosed due to its rarity and atypical presentation. A thorough history (including the contacting history of clothes made of animal fur), physical examination and further mycological examinations are required for diagnosis. Griseofulvin, itraconazole and fluconazole have been reported to be effective drugs for the treatment of children tinea capitis. Liver enzymes should be regularly monitored during the period of using antifungal agents.

Digital photography for the dermatologist.

Dermatology is a specialty reliant on presenting detailed and accurate visual observations. Digital photography is a highly prevalent and accessible technology that can be easily incorporated into a dermatology practice to facilitate documentation and communication of clinical findings. Dermatologists will benefit from being comfortable with digital photography and techniques to improve their photography skills. This review presents the fundamentals of photography and techniques helpful in capturing an adequate image. We explore the application of photography in the setting of microscopy, dermatopathology, dermatoscopy, and Wood's lamp. Lastly, new imaging technologies, such as multispectral and infrared imaging, are discussed.

Vitiligo, no longer a fatality in 2023

Vitiligo is an acquired auto-inflammatory disorder characterized by a depigmentation. It is a polygenic disease developed in a context of allelic variations. Its pathophysiology is complex, associating intrinsic skin defects, exposome triggering factors and innate then adaptive auto-immune activation leading to the loss of melanocytes. The diagnosis is clinical. Nevertheless, Wood's lamp is mandatory to assess the lesions and their activity, especially in fair-skinned patients. The management of vitiligo is long and aims to halt the depigmentation process and to repigment the affected areas. This requires a combination of immunosuppressive topical or systemic treatment with ultraviolet rays from phototherapy or sun exposure.

Could polymerase chain reaction be an alternative diagnostic method for dermatophytes?

Dermatophytosis are cutaneous mycoses caused by Microsporum spp., Trichophyton spp. and Epidermophyton spp. dermatophytes. Dermatophytosis resembles other skin diseases due to its various clinical manifestations such as multifocal alopecia, circular lesions, scaling, crusting, papular and pustular lesions, follicular obstruction, erythema, hyperpigmentation, miliary dermatitis and dystrophic nail growth, and its diagnosis is based on the use of many different methods. Generally used methods; clinical appearance, microscopic examination, examination with Wood's lamp and mycological culture but these methods have some disadvantages. Microscopic examination requiring expertise, fast and cost-effective method, but in some cases, microbiologists encounter specimens that are microscopically negative but give positive results in mycological culture. Examination with Wood's lamp can only be used for the diagnosis of M. canis and its specificity is low. On the other hand mycological cultures require a long time (3-6 weeks) to give definitive results, and their sensitivity may decrease due to common contaminant growth. Considering these reasons, new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods have been developed for the diagnosis of dermatophyte agents. Compared to other molecular methods, the PCR method is easy, fast and applicable for the identification of dermatophyte species that do not show typical morphological features. Although PCR-based diagnostic methods are widely used in humans in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis, its usefulness in dogs and cats has also been confirmed. As a result, the PCR method used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis; it is emphasized that it can be used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis due to the ease of obtaining samples, providing faster results compared to mycological culture, and not requiring expertise, and it is emphasized that new and different methods should be used in the diagnosis of diseases. In this study, it was aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the PCR method and its applicability in clinical practice, as well as mycological culture, which is frequently used in the diagnosis of dermatophytosis.

The mycological efficacy and safety of selenium sulfide 1.8% versus ketoconazole 2% shampoo in pityriasis versicolor: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

Although it has long been used as a topical treatment of pityriasis versicolor (PV), the efficacy of topical selenium disulfide as compared to topical ketoconazole in the treatment of PV remains unclear. This study aims to assess the mycological efficacy and safety of SeS2 1.8% shampoo and ketoconazole 2% shampoo for the treatment of PV. A double-blind randomized controlled trial was performed in patients with PV during September-December 2018, based on block randomization. Physical examinations, scale provocation test, Wood's lamp, and potassium hydroxide examination were conducted. Intention to treat analysis was performed to evaluate the mycological efficacy. The mycological efficacy and side effect were not significantly different between the ketoconazole group and the selenium group; 94% vs 86% (RR=2.3(95%CI 0.6-8.5), p=0.182), and 22% versus 8%. SeS2 1.8% has the same mycological efficacy and side effect as compared to ketoconazole 2% in the treatment of PV.

Malassezia Folliculitis (MF) Patient Profile in Mycology Division of Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic General Academic Hospital Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Period of 2018-2020

Malassezia folliculitis (MF) is a chronic infection of pilosebaceous follicles caused by Malassezia spp. Clinical features of MF may include perifollicular papules and itchy erythematous pustules. This study evaluating the profile of MF patients in the period 2018-2020 in the Mycology Division of Dermatovenereology Outpatient Clinic of Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital Surabaya. Retrospective descriptive study aimed at evaluating MF patients including the number of cases, patient baseline data, history taking, physical examination, supporting examinations, and therapy. Based on the tabulation of data obtained 154 new MF patients. The majority of patients were aged 17-25, were females, were students. The most clinical characteristics were red nodules accompanied by moderate itching, the longest duration of complaints were <1 months, the most endogenous predisposing factors were hyperhidrosis and exogenous was humidity and high temperature, the most localized status was in the thoracalis posterior, the most dermatological status was erythematous papules, the supporting examinations carried out were KOH 20% and showed blastospores with the predominance grade 4+, the most Woods lamp examination revealed bright green yellow color, dermoscope examination showed erythema. Most systemic therapies was ketoconazole 2x200 mg and topical was ketoconazole shampoo 2%. There was an increase in the number of MF patients. The diagnosis of MF is based on anamnesis, physical examination and then matched with supporting examinations.

Study of the effectiveness of a new antifungal agent for the treatment of animal dermatophytosis

Relevance. Small domestic animals often suffer from dermatophytosis chronically, while remaining active carriers. In clinical medicine, there is a certain arsenal of drugs with antifungal activity, both ofsystemic and local action, the use of which often causes side effects. In this regard, the search, development and implementation in public health and veterinary practice of highly active and low-toxic drugs that can specifically affect pathogenic fungi without adverse effects on the body is relevant. On the basis of screening microbiological studies, a thiadiazole derivative was selected, which in preliminary experiments showed antifungal activity.Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the St. Petersburg State Chemical Pharmaceutical University for 21 days. 19 cats in the analyzes of which a fungus Microsporum canis was detectedwere used in the experiment. An ointment based on a thiadiazole derivative was rubbed into the affected area of the skin once a day in an amount of 0.01–0.05. The therapeutic efficacy of ointments was evaluated for 21 days according to the following parameters: specific glow of lesions in the rays of a Wood's lamp in the presence of a pathogen; results ofseeding and microscopic examination of the material; coat recovery time; local irritant action.Results. When animals were treated with 3% thiadiazole ointment, on the 10–12th day the inflammation regressed, and abundant small-lamellar peeling was observed on the skin in the foci. By 12–15th day the surface of the foci was cleared, and the skin acquired a pale pink color. The restoration of the coat was observed at the end of the application of the ointment — on 21st day. The specific glow of regrown hairs in the rays of the Wood's lamp ceased. The results of seeding and microscopy of regrown hairs became negative. Negative reactions when applying the ointment to the skin of animals were not observed. The results of the study indicate high efficacy and good tolerability of 3% thiadiazole ointment.

Trichoscopic Evaluation of Tinea Capitis.

Tinea capitis is a widespread fungal infection that is even more common in rural areas of the world predominantly among children. The diagnosis of the infection and the identification of the responsible dermatophyte are determined by potassium hydroxide mount microscopy, Wood's lamp examination and mycological culture of the skin scrapings and hair samples. Nevertheless, this conventional setting has several limitations such as lack of availability, low sensitivity and specifity, and particularly prolonged turnaround time for fungal culture. Trichoscopy is a well-proven practical and beneficial aid to faciliate the diagnosis of scalp and hair disorders. Studies performed during the last 15years revealed several characteristic trichoscopic findings of non-inflammatory tinea capitis namely comma hairs,corkscrew hairs, Morse code-like hairs and zigzag hairs. Thereby, trichoscopy has proved itself in the establishment of prompt diagnosis of TC, identification of the responsible fungus enabling to appropiate treatment on time, and evaluating treatment response by screening the clearance of the trichoscopic features.

Tinea of vellus hair: shining under the Wood's lamp.

We herein reported a simple and cheap method to diagnose the tinea of vellus hair, which is long-neglected and always wrongly treated.

S1044 Prevalence of Vitiligo Among IBD and Celiac Disease Patients: Results From a Population-Based Study

Introduction: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with skin manifestation; Erythema :odosum and pyoderma gangrenosum being the most common but other skin disorder have been reported in IBD. Vitiligo is a rare autoimmune disease that is diagnosed based on clinical findings and examining the skin by wood lamp that reveals depigmentation patches. In the past, case studies (Shafa S et al) and case reports have suggested a link between Vitiligo and IBD. Using a large database, we aim to describe the epidemiology and risk of Vitiligo in IBD patients. Methods: We used a multi-instituitional database (Explorys Inc, Cleveland, OH), an aggregate of electronic health record data from 26 US healthcare systems. In this database, we identified patients with a Systemized Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms diagnosis of IBD, CD, and vitiligo from 1999 to the present. We assessed the association of vitiligo in IBD patients without CD and CD patients without IBD and compared them with individuals with neither IBD nor CD. Results: Out of the 70,383,890 patients in the database, we identified a total of 50,020 patients with vitiligo (0.1%), 412,950 patients with IBD (0.6%), and 136,690 patients with CD (0.2%). Among those with vitiligo, there were 450 (0.4%) CD patients (without IBD), 880 (0.3%) IBD patients (without CD), 50 (0.2%) patients with both celiac and IBD, and 48,640 (0.07%) patients with neither CD nor IBD (control group). The prevalence of vitiligo was 0.4% in celiac disease (without IBD) and 0.3% in IBD (without CD). The risk of vitiligo was higher in the CD-only group [OR 5.65 (5.15–6.20)] and IBD-only group [OR 3.24 (3.03–3.46)] compared to the control group (Table). In the IBD-only group, vitiligo was more commonly associated with females compared to males [OR 1.44 (1.19–1.74), P< 0.0001], in adults aged 18–65 compared to elderly patients [2.52 (2.08–3.06), P< 0.0001], and in Caucasians compared to non-Caucasians (OR 9.0 [7.25–11.17], P< 0.0001) (Figure). Conclusion: Utilizing a large population database, we report a distinct increased association of vitiligo in IBD and CD. Further studies are necessary to confirm this association and discover the mechanism behind this association.Figure 1.: Gender-, Age- and Race-Based Prevalence ratio of vitiligo in individuals with IBD without history of celiac disease in the United States. Table 1. - Odd’s ratio comparing the prevalence of vitiligo in celiac disease and in IBD to patients with vitiligo without celiac or IBD OR, 95% CI, p-value*Compared to patients with vitiligo without celiac nor IBD Vitiligo in Celiac disease (Excluding those with IBD) OR 5.65 (5.15-6.20), P< 0.0001 Vitiligo in IBD (Excluding those with celiac) OR 3.24 (3.03-3.46), P< 0.0001 Univariate analysis used to calculate OROR; odds ratio, CI; confidence interval, IBD; Inflammatory bowel disease.

Looking for a grey needle in a 'hair' stack! Using a Wood's lamp for evaluating canities.

Looking for a grey needle in a 'hair' stack! Using a Wood's lamp for evaluating canities.