Wood-inhabiting Fungal Species Research Articles

<strong>Three new <em>Xenasmatella</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) species from China</strong>

Three new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xenasmatella rhizomorpha, X. tenuis and X. xinpingensis spp. nov., are proposed based on a combination of morphological characteristics and molecular BLAST analyses. Xenasmatella rhizomorpha is characterized by annual, resupinate, gossypine basidiomata with rhizomorphs, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid, thin-walled, warted basidiospores measuring 3.1–4.9 × 2.3–3.3 µm. Xenasmatella tenuis is characterized by annual, resupinate, very thin basidiomata with ceraceous to membranous, white to lilac hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid, thin-walled, warted basidiospores. Xenasmatella xinpingensis is characterized by annual, resupinate basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and subglobose to globose, thin-walled, warted basidiospores (3.5–4.9 × 3–4.2 µm).

Substrate properties, forest structure and climate influences wood-inhabiting fungal diversity in broadleaved and mixed forests from Northeastern Romania

Aim of the study: The main objective of this study was to find the factors which best explains the wood-inhabiting fungal species’ richness in beech and oak-dominated forests.Area of study: We focused on broadleaved and mixed forests found in Northeastern Romania.Materials and methods: 59 plots were randomly set up in broadleaved and mixed forest stands, in which vegetation structure, composition, and topoclimatic factors were quantified along with wood-inhabiting fungal richness. Generalized linear models were used to characterize relationship between fungal diversity and biotic and abiotic factors.Main results: 374 taxa were identified, with numerous species found to cohabitate, the highest sharing being between Fine Woody Debris and Downed Coarse Woody Debris. The best predictors of total diversity were related to the substrate, management, stand structure, and macroclimate. Higher volumes of logs and large branches in various decay stages increased fungal richness. The same effect was found in diverse forests, with large snags. Macroclimate and topoclimate positively influenced diversity, through De Martonne Aridity Index and snow cover length, both indicating macrofungi preferences for higher moisture of substrate. Silvicultural interventions had an ambivalent effect to fungal diversity, phenomenon observed through stump numbers and proportion.Research highlights: Particular environmental characteristics proved significantly important in explaining different wood-inhabiting fungal richness patterns. Substrate-related variables were the most common ones found, but they were closely linked to climate and forest stand variables.Keywords: Wood-inhabiting fungi; oak, beech and coniferous forests; substrate diversity; dead wood types; coarse woody debris; fine woody debris; climatic variables.Abbreviations used:ALT, elevation; ASPI, Aspect Index; BIO1, mean annual temperature; BIO4, temperature seasonality; BIO7, annual temperature range; BIO12, annual precipitation; BIO15, precipitation seasonality; CWD, coarse woody debris; DBH, diameter at breast height; DCWD, downed coarse woody debris; DCWD_DECAY, DCWD decay diversity; DCWD_DIV, DCWD taxonomic diversity; DCWD_SV, surface-volume ratio of DCWD; DCWD_VOL, DCWD volume; DMAI, De Martonne Aridity Index; DMAI_AU, Autumn DMAI; DMAI_SP, Spring DMAI; DMAI_SU, Summer DMAI; DMAI_WI, Winter DMAI; FAI, Forestry Aridity Index; FWD, fine woody debris; L_SNAG_BA, large snag basal area; OLD_BA, basal area of old trees; POI, Positive Openness Index; RAI, Recent Activity Index; SCL, snow cover length; SLOPE, slope; SNAG_N, snag density; STUMP_N, stump density; TPI, Topographic Position Index; TREE_BA, mean basal area of trees; TREE_DIV, tree' Shannon diversity.

Steccherinum tenuissimum and S. xanthum spp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota): New species from China.

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Steccherinum tenuissimum and S. xanthum spp. nov. are described based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Steccherinum tenuissimum is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with an odontioid hymenial surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, strongly encrusted cystidia and basidiospores measuring 3–5 × 2–3.5 μm. Steccherinum xanthum is characterized by odontioid basidiomata and a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and covering by crystals, colourless, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB–and has basidiospores measuring 2.7–5.5 × 1.8–4.0 μm. Sequences of the ITS and nLSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS + nLSU sequences showed that two new Steccherinum species felled into the residual polyporoid clade. Further investigation was obtained for more representative taxa in Steccherinum based on ITS + nLSU sequences, which demonstrated that S. tenuissimum and S. xanthum were sister to S. robustius with high support (100% BP, 100% BS and 1.00 BPP).

<p><strong><em>Trechispora daweishanensis</em> and <em>T. xantha spp. nov.</em> (Hydnodontaceae, Trechisporales) found in Yunnan Province of China</strong></p>

Two wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora daweishanensis and T. xantha spp. nov. are proposed based on morphological features and molecular evidence. Trechispora daweishanensis is characterized by basidiomata with an annual growth habit, a tuberculate hymenophore, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring 3.8–5 × 2.7–3.5 µm. Trechispora xantha is characterized by resupinate, cracked basidiomata with a buff-coloured hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring 4.3–5.7 × 3.2–4 µm. Sequences of ITS and nLSU gene regions of the studied samples were generated. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences supported the novelty of these two species. Furthermore, we provide a key to the known species of Trechispora in China.

<p><strong><em>Peniophorella cremea sp. nov.</em></strong><strong> from China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Peniophorella cremea sp. nov. is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Peniophorella cremea is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with odontioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring as 7–9.5 × 2.7–3.3 µm. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequences showed that P. cremea forms a monophyletic lineage with high statistical supports (100% BS, 100% BP and 1.00 BPP).

<p><strong>Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of <em>Cinereomyces</em> (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in southern China</strong></p>

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Cinereomyces fimbriatus sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The species is characterized by resupinate, brittle basidiomata with cream pore surface, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, broad allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (3.6–4.6 × 0.8–1.1 µm). The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on ITS sequences showed that C. fimbriatus formed a monophyletic lineage with strong supports (100% BS, 100% BT, 1.00 BPP) sister to C. lindbladii.

Armillaria xiaocaobaensis sp. nov. from China

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species from Yunnan Province, China, is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. Armillaria xiaocaobaensis is characterized by a central stipe, striate to furrowed orange yellow to pinkish brown pileus surface, membranous annulus, and ellipsoid, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, and slightly thick-walled basidiospores averaging 7.7 × 4.9 μm. TEF1 sequence analyses support A. xiaocaobaensis as a distinct taxon in Armillaria.

<p><strong><em>Scytinostroma yunnanense sp. nov. </em></strong><strong>(Russulales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analyses in China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Scytinostroma yunnanense, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidences. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with cream hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing simple septa, fusiform to cylindrical cystidia and basidiospores (4.5–5.5 × 4.2–5.2 µm) are acyanophilous, subglobose to globose, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, amyloid. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS sequences showed that the new species formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then was sister to S. duriusculum.

Morphological and molecular identification of two new species of Tubulicrinis (Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales) from southern China

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Tubulicrinis xantha and T. yunnanensis spp. nov., are described based on morphological and molecular characters. Tubulicrinis xantha is characterized by resupinate, furfuraceous basidiomata with buff to yellowish hymenial surface, amyloid lyocystidia and cylindrical to allantoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (5.3–6.3 × 1.2–1.6 μm). Tubulicrinis yunnanensis is characterized by pruinose basidiomata with primrose to olivaceous hymenial surface and encrusted lyocystidia and cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores (4.2–6.2 × 1.2–2 μm). Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS and ITS + nLSU sequences showed that T. xantha grouped with T. martinicensis , and T. yunnanensis grouped with T. glebulosus . • ●Phylogenetic analyses revealed that both species grouped in the Tubulicrinis. • ●Two new species of Tubulicrinis were described. • ● Tubulicrinis xantha grouped with T. martinicensis. • ● Tubulicrinis yunnanensis grouped with T. glebulosus.

Morphological and molecular identification of four new resupinate species of Lyomyces (Hymenochaetales) from southern China.

Four new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Lyomyces bambusinus, L. cremeus, L. macrosporus and L. wuliangshanensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological and molecular evidence. Lyomyces bambusinus is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with colliculose to tuberculate hymenial surface and broadly ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth basidiospores. Lyomyces cremeus is characterised by resupinate basidiomata with smooth, cream hymenial surface and ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled to slightly thick-walled basidiospores. Lyomyces macrosporus is characterized by pruinose basidiomata with reticulate hymenial surface, presence of three kinds of cystidia and larger basidiospores (6.7–8.9 × 4.4–5.4 µm). Lyomyces wuliangshanensis is characterized by coriaceous basidiomata and ellipsoid, hyaline, slightly thick-walled, smooth basidiospores. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences revealed that the four new species belonged to Lyomyces. Lyomyces bambusinus grouped with L. sambuci. Lyomyces cremeus clade was sister to a clade comprised of L. microfasciculatus. Lyomyces macrosporus was sister to L. allantosporus. Lyomyces wuliangshanensis was closely related to L. mascarensis.

<p><strong><em>Heteroradulum yunnanensis</em> <em>sp. nov. </em>(Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses in China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Heteroradulum yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiomata with odontoid hymenial surface (50–100 µm long), more or less pronounced yellow stains in older basidiomata, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, clamped generative hyphae and two to three-celled basidia and cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, IKI–, CB– basidiospores measuring as 17–24 ×5–8 µm. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrRNA gene regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that Heteroradulum yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and then grouped with H. adnatum.

Morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses reveal two new species of Peniophorella from southern China

Two new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Peniophorella fissurata and P. yunnanensis, are proposed based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. Peniophorella fissurata is characterized by resupinate basidiomata with smooth to tuberculate hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, fusiform cystidia, and allantoid, colorless, thin-walled, smooth basidiospores measuring 9–11 × 3–3.9 μm. Peniophorella yunnanensis is characterized by an annual basidiomata with grandinioid hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, presence of three types cystidia, and ellipsoid, colorless, smooth, thin-walled basidiospores (8–9 × 4.7–5.5 μm). Sequences of ITS gene region of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. These phylogenetic analyses showed that P. fissurata was sister to P. pubera. Peniophorella yunnanensis formed a monomitic lineage and then grouped with P. odontiiformis and P. rude.

<p><strong><em>Gloeodontia yunnanensis</em> <em>sp. nov. </em>(Russulales, Basidiomycota) from China, evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Gloeodontia yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphological features and DNA data. The species is characterized by an annual, resupinate basidiomata with smooth hymenial surface, a monomitic hyphal system with thin-walled, clamped generative hyphae and obclavate cystidia and subglobose to globose, hyaline, thick-walled, asperulate, strongly amyloid, acyanophilous basidiospores measuring 3.3–4.3 × 2.5–3.5 µm. Sequences of ITS and 28S gene regions of the studied samples were generated and phylogenetic analyses were performed with Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference methods. The analyses based on ITS+28S sequences showed that G. yunnanensis nested in the Gloeodontia clade and formed a monophyletic lineage with strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP).

<p><strong><em>Trechispora yunnanensis</em></strong><strong> <em>sp. nov.</em> (Hydnodontaceae, Basidiomycota) from China</strong></p>

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Trechispora yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological characteristics and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiomata, rigid and fragile up on drying, cream to pale greyish hymenial surface; a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections, IKI-, CB-; ellipsoid, hyaline, thick-walled, ornamented, IKI-, CB- basidiospores measuring as 7–8.5 × 5–5.5 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood (ML), maximum parsimony (MP) and bayesian inference methods (BPP). The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that T. yunnanensis formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% ML, 100% MP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to T. byssinella and T. laevis. Both morphological characteristics and results of molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the placement of the new species in Trechispora.

Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Eichleriella (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota) in China

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Eichleriella xinpingensis, is described based on a combination of morphological features and molecular evidence. The species is characterized by an annual, resupinate basidiocarps with soft leathery to ceraceous hymenial surface covered by blunt-pointed spines, a dimitic hyphal system with clamp generative hyphae, two-celled, narrowly ovoid to obconical basidia and broadly cylindrical, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, basidiospores measuring as 6.5–10 ×3.5–4.5 µm. Sequences of ITS and LSU nrDNA regions of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses showed that E. xinpingensis belonged to the Auriculariaceae and was closely related to E. tenuicula.

Perenniporia mopanshanensis sp. nov. from China

A new poroid, white-rot, wood-inhabiting fungal species, Perenniporia mopanshanensis, is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. This species from Yunnan Province, China, is characterized by resupinate basidiomes with a cream to buff to straw pore surface, dimitic hyphal system with strongly dextrinoid, unbranched, interwoven skeletal hyphae, and ellipsoid, non-truncate basidiospores (5.5–6.5 × 4–5 μm) with hyaline, distinctly thick, smooth, strongly dextrinoid walls. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P. mopanshanensis is a distinct taxon in the Perenniporia sensu stricto clade and is sister to P. bannaensis.

Phlebiopsis yunnanensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Ceriporiopsis kunmingensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps with pale cinnamon-buff to ochreous color when dry; generative hyphae unbranched and subparallel along the tubes; presence of hyphal ends; allantoid basidiospores, 4.5–5 × 1.5–2 μm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS + nLSU sequences showed that C. kunmingensis belonged to the phlebioid clade, formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP), and was closely related to Phlebia aurea, and then grouped with P. livida and P. subserialis. Both morphological and molecular characters confirmed the placement of the new species in Ceriporiopsis.

Xylodon kunmingensis sp. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from southern China

Abstract A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Xylodon kunmingensis, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidences. The species is characterized by an annual growth habit, resupinate basidiocarps with cream to buff hymenial, odontioid surface, a monomitic hyphal system with generative hyphae bearing clamp connections and oblong-ellipsoid, hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, inamyloid and indextrinoid, acyanophilous basidiospores, 5–5.8 × 2.8–3.5 μm. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS sequences showed that X. kunmingensis belongs to the genus Xylodon and formed a single group with a high support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and grouped with the related species X. astrocystidiatus, X. crystalliger and X. paradoxus. Both morphological and molecular evidences confirmed the placement of the new species in Xylodon.

Podoscypha yunnanensis sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses

A new wood-inhabiting fungal species, Podoscypha yunnanensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by annual, gregarious basidiocarps with spathulate to flabelliform pilei, a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae, caulocystidia cylindrical with an apex, and ellipsoid to subglobose basidiospores measuring 3–3.5(–4) × 2.5–3(–3.5) µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analyses based on molecular data of ITS sequences showed that P. yunnanensis belonged to the genus Podoscypha and was closely related to P. fulvonitens and P. mellissii. Phylogeny based on ITS+nLSU sequences demonstrated that the new species formed a monophyletic lineage with a high support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP).

Morphological and molecular identification of a new species of Perenniporia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) in North America

A new poroid wood-inhabiting fungal species, Perenniporia bostonensis sp. nov., is proposed based on morphological and molecular characters. The species is characterized by resupinate, cream to buff pore surface; a dimitic hyphal system with skeletal hyphae strongly dextrinoid, unbranched, interwoven and a distinct wide lumen; ovoid to broad ellipsoid, non-truncate, hyaline, distinct thick-walled, smooth, dextrinoid basidiospores, 3.5–4.5 × 3–4 µm. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene sequences of the studied samples were generated, and phylogenetic analyses were performed with maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and bayesian inference methods. The phylogenetic analysis based on molecular data of ITS+nLSU sequences showed that P. bostonensis recognized in Perenniporia sensu stricto. The new species formed a monophyletic lineage with a strong support (100% BS, 100% BP, 1.00 BPP) and was closely related to P. bannaensis and P. koreana. Both morphological and molecular characters confirmed the placement of the new species in Perenniporia.