Wood Furniture Manufacturing Research Articles

Spatiotemporal prediction of greenhouse gas emissions from rubber wood industry, taking Hainan as the case

The rubber wood furniture industry chain, including planting and manufacturing subsystems, emits significant greenhouse gases (GHGs), meanwhile, has huge carbon emission reduction potential. However, quite few studies have taken the whole industry chain GHGs into consideration, especially assessing and predicting those from rubber tree planting to furniture manufacturing. We took the rubber wood furniture of Hainan province as the case, explored its whole life cycle GHGs from cradle-to-gate and predicted the potential GHGs from 2031 to 2062. This study is fully based on field survey and sampling data, including that of the rubber tree planting (40-year cycle) and furniture manufacturing. The results reveal: (1) Whole industry chain of rubber wood furniture emits 3.27 × 106 kgCO2-eq GHGs per 20,000 t rubber logs consuming, where the planting accounts the most (88.20%). Transport and electricity consumption are the main GHGs sources of planting and manufacturing subsystems respectively; (2) The whole life-cycle GHGs of rubber wood furniture in 2023 of Hainan is 2.07 × 107 kgCO2-eq, which mainly come from Danzhou (24.74%), Haikou (19.55%), and Qiongzhong (15.79%); (3) The total GHGs from the rubber wood furniture industry in Hainan from 2031 to 2062 are 210 MtCO2-eq and 129 MtCO2-eq respectively, without or with felling restriction. The changes of GHGs from 2051 to 2062 are caused by the regional center shift of planting gravity; (4) Improving energy use efficiency and optimizing the location of furniture factories would reduce GHGs. This study can provide empirical support for the low carbon sustainable transformation of the rubber wood furniture industry worldwide.

Emission Characteristics and Environmental Impact of VOCs from Wooden Furniture-manufacturing Industry in China

Volatile organic compounds （VOCs） from the wooden furniture-manufacturing industry are an important emission source. To study the emission characteristics of VOCs from the wooden furniture-manufacturing industry and associated environmental impacts, nine typical wooden furniture manufacturers in China were selected to carry out sample collection and VOCs detection. The maximum incremental reactivity （MIR） method and secondary organic aerosol （SOA） formation potential method were used to quantify the corresponding contributions to the generation of O3 and SOA. The results showed that： ① The concentrations of VOCs emitted from different types of coating exhaust gas were different. The emission concentration of VOCs in solvent-based coating exhaust gas was significantly higher than that in water-based coating exhaust gas and ultra-violet （UV） coating exhaust gas, and the VOCs emission concentrations ranged between 2.82 - 155.37, 1.13 - 104.45, and 0.57 - 1.15 mg·m-3, respectively. ② The main organic group in solvent-based coating exhaust gas was esters, accounting for 45.88%, and butyl acetate （31.07%） was the main VOCs species. The main organic group in water-based coating exhaust gas and UV coating exhaust gas was alcohols, and the main VOCs species in water-based coating exhaust gas and UV coating exhaust gas were both ethanol, accounting for 46.63% and 34.32%, respectively. ③ The OFP of VOCs emitted by solvent-based coating, water-based coating, and UV coating were 149.23, 50.90, and 1.87 mg·m-3, respectively, and the primary contributing components of OFP of different types of coating were m/p-xylene （26.61%）, ethanol （36.35%）, and ethanol （23.98%）, respectively. ④ The SOA of VOCs emitted by solvent-based coating, water-based coating, and UV coating were 0.76, 0.25, and 0.01 mg·m-3, respectively. The SOA generation of various types of coating was dominated by aromatics（96.35%-98.96%）, and the main active compounds were toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. ⑤ Comparing the environmental impact of exhaust gas from solvent-based coating, water-based coating, and UV coating, it was found that the OFP and SOA generated by the VOCs emitted from solvent-based coating were much higher than those for water-based coating and UV coating. Therefore, the implementation of water-based coating and UV coating substitution strategy from the source could effectively reduce VOCs emissions and abate OFP and SOA productions.

Research on color matching model for wood panel furniture based on a back propagation neural network

The wood furniture manufacturing industry continues in the direction of customized furniture. The analysis of color collocation is important for developing customized furniture. This study summarizes the common color collocation application area for porch cabinets. After selecting the appropriate color model, C # language was used to simulate a real scene setting experimental system in the Unity graphics engine. Colors were generated randomly in the corresponding area, and subjects evaluated the harmony. Then, the Python language was used to build the BP neural network model. The BP neural network models were trained using the Hue, Saturation, value (HSV) of the depicted colors and their corresponding scores. Finally, the evaluation model of color collocation and harmony was obtained. The model can be used to improve the prediction of color matching in customized furniture, which will promote enterprise productivity and industry development.

WITHDRAWN: Modeling and simulation in wooden furniture manufacturing: technologies, scenarios, changes and challenges

In the context of “Made in China 2025” and “Industry 4.0”, the traditional furniture manufacturing industry is undergoing a transformation towards digitization, informatization, and intelligence. In this regard, modeling and simulation (M&S) have been comprehensively applied in wooden furniture manufacturing, effectively enhancing product quality, manufacturing efficiency, and reducing production costs. This paper referenced the steps of a scoping review method, initially presenting guiding questions regarding the application technologies, scenarios, changes, and challenges of M&S in wooden furniture manufacturing. From a preliminary search, 307 out of 4232 papers were selected for analysis, and a further refined selection of 123 papers was chosen for the report. To provide more insightful answers to the questions, a small number of relevant review papers from external sources on other aspects of wooden furniture manufacturing, “Made in China 2025”, and Industry 4.0, were also incorporated. After summarizing and defining the themes of the literature included in the analysis, our analysis concluded that M&S technologies in wooden furniture manufacturing can be categorized into digital modeling technologies, numerical analysis, mathematics and algorithms, and intelligent M&S technologies. The application of M&S in wooden furniture manufacturing scenarios primarily focuses on wooden furniture design M&S and wooden furniture production-oriented M&S. Specifically, M&S in wooden furniture design encompasses wooden furniture digital and intelligent design, wooden furniture three-dimensional modeling and virtual exhibition, wooden furniture structure M&S, as well as assessment and design for the life cycle of wooden furniture. Wooden furniture production-oriented M&S includes wood processing with tools M&S, wooden furniture component parts M&S, wooden furniture manufacturing management M&S, and other production-oriented M&S. Consequently, we propose that the transformation brought about by M&S in wooden furniture manufacturing is not only evident in the application and depth of these technologies but is of greater significance in the transformation of the wooden furniture knowledge system, the workflow in various stages product lifecycle, and the value chain of wooden furniture enterprises. This transformation faces challenges posed by the dynamic furniture market, changing design environments, and variable production environments, which introduce new attributes such as big data, high dynamics, uncertainty, strong coupling, and multi-objectives. In the future, M&S in wooden furniture manufacturing will advance towards increasing technological applications in various wooden furniture manufacturing scenarios, which includes further applications of M&S technologies, consisting of intelligent M&S technologies in the field of wooden furniture manufacturing. This reviewing paper aims to provide methods and insights for the more reasonable and efficient utilization of M&S techniques in wooden furniture and timber product manufacturing. This serves as a reference and guide for the furniture industry’s transition from digital manufacturing towards intelligent manufacturing for higher-quality development.

Innovation Subjects Impacting Business Model Changes in Chinese Wooden Furniture Manufacturers: An Empirical Study

Abstract In the era of a digital economy, business model innovation takes on a critical significance to the transformation of conventional manufacturing enterprises. Factors for the innovation originate from both inside and outside the manufacturing enterprises. Previous studies focused on external factors, and few on the main factors of innovation. With Chinese wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises as an example, the paper focuses on the effect of innovation subject factors on the formation and practice of business model innovation planning. It was found that employees of all ages and levels have different ideas about business model innovation practice, and learning and absorptive abilities of employees, entrepreneurship, and factors at all dimensions of enterprise culture at the organizational level play an active promoting role at different stages of business model innovation, among which enterprise culture has a regulatory effect. This study enriches the research field about the effect of innovation subjects on business model innovation behaviors, and provides reference for wooden furniture manufacturing enterprises and even conventional manufacturing enterprises to facilitate the realization of business model innovation.

Investigation into the long-term stress relaxation behaviors of white oak (Quercus alba L.) based on the time–temperature–moisture superposition principle

ABSTRACT Curving woodworks exhibit wide applications in wooden furniture manufacturing due to the conformable visual and tactile experience, are welcome among consumers. However, the corresponding long-term shape stability facing the stress relaxation is an attention-worthy issue with the fundamental insights about the mesoscopic behaviors of vessels have not been provided. Here, we proposed the investigation into the effect of vessels on stress relaxation behavior of white oak (Quercus alba L.). Results demonstrated that stress relaxation modulus of specimen decreased with the elevation in MC and temperature, and vessel-containing specimens displayed more evident stress relaxation. Providing more physical connotation, Zener model is more suitable for the numerically investigation into the stress relaxation than logarithmic model. The time-temperature-moisture superposition principle (TTMSP) allows us to predict the~10 d and ~1 d stress relaxation behavior of white oak facing different temperatures and MCs. Additionally, stress relaxation of white oak with vessels is more evident, which can be attributed to the stress concentration and resultant deformation around the vessel. We believe that this work is beneficial for obtaining a mesoscopic understanding of vessels on stress relaxation behaviors of wood. It thus paves a way to exploit the methodologies to improve the shape-stability of curving woodworks.

Discerning the supply chain of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture industry: Status, challenges, and remedial measures

Supply chain management has been identified as the major constraint on the growth of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture sector. Therefore, a study to examine the characteristics of supply chain among Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the wood industry registered with the Malaysian Timber Industry Board was conducted. The results revealed that most of the respondents were micro- and small-sized enterprises, with a sales focus on the domestic and contract-market. They were predominantly wooden furniture manufacturers, who had a relatively low level of knowledge about supply chain management. The respondents also indicated that their major challenges include lack of finances, small volume of production, and the lack of government support. The factor analysis and regression analysis conducted revealed that for Bumiputera entrepreneurs to gain better supply chain management they need to improve their frequency of engagement, trust, culture, and maturity with their supply chain actors and partners. The results of this study are unique, as it implies that policymakers should take heed of improving supply chain management, to reverse the flagging fortune of Bumiputera entrepreneurs in the Malaysian wood products and furniture sector.

Species profile and reactivity of volatile organic compounds emission in solvent uses, industry activities and from vehicular tunnels

A survey was conducted of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released from sources of solvent use, industry activities and vehicle emissions in Guiyang, a capital city of China. Samples were collected by canisters and analyzed by GC-MS-FID. The species profiles of VOCs emitted from sources were obtained. Results showed that xylenes, ethylbenzene, acetone and dichloromethane were the characteristics species for painting, 2-propanol and ethyl acetate for printing, α-pinene for solid wood furniture manufacturing, and 2-butanone for biscuit baking. These characteristics species could be as tracers for the sources respectively. In most of samples from the solvent use, the benzene/toluene (B/T) ratio was less than 0.3, indicating that the ratio could be as the indicator for tracing the solvent use related sources. The results also suggested that the toluene/xylene (T/X) ratio be as the indicator to distinguish the VOCs sources of painting (<2) from the printing (>2). Aromatics contributed the most to ozone formation potential (OFP) of most painting and non-paper printing sources, and oxygen-containing VOCs (OVOCs) were major species contributing to OFP of the sources from food production and paper printing. The OFP of the VOCs emissions from vehicle in tunnels and from other manufactures were dominated by both aromatics and alkenes. The α-pinene could explain 56.94% and 32.54% of total OFP of the VOCs sources from filing cabinet and solid wood furniture manufacturing, which was rarely been involved in previous studies of VOCs source profiles, indicating that the species of concern for VOCs sources are still insufficient at present.

Composition, seasonal variation and sources attribution of volatile organic compounds in urban air in southwestern China

The composition, seasonal variation and sources attribution of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were investigated in a plateau city in China. Air samples were collected simultaneously by canister at three sites and covered four seasons. 113 VOCs species were determined by GC–MS–FID. Higher concentration of α-pinene (0.98 ± 2.25 ppb) in urban central site was observed in this study than in most others reported. Results of the ratios of α-pinene/isoprene, source profile of VOCs and backward trajectory of air mass identified that both biogenic emission and wooden furniture manufacturers were contributors to the significant high concentration of α-pinene. And high concentration of α-pinene (>2 ppb) accompanied by significant high concentration of isopentane, for air mass passing through the dense area of both wooden furniture factories and gas stations. In addition, the highest concentrations of alkanes, anthropogenic alkenes, alkynes, aromatics and halohydrocarbons appeared in winter, caused by the lowest temperature and mixed layer height in winter. For biogenic alkenes, the highest concentration was found in spring or summer as plants flourishing. Finally, results of the ratios of species and PMF model showed that local vehicle, fuel evaporation and household were the dominant VOCs source with contribution to 42.7%–53.5% of the total VOCs concentration.

Musculoskeletal Disorders

BACKGROUND: Carpentry and related jobs are the major occupations for a large number of people in the rural and urban areas of India which is mainly unorganized. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Carpentry work is unorganized informal sectors, particularly in developed countries such as India, and there is a lack of data on musculoskeletal disorders and the issues are being undermined nowadays, so we intend to study and evaluate the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among carpenters, analyzing major causes behind such predicaments with a special emphasis on working posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For the present study, 148 male carpenters aged between 20-60 years were randomly taken from different wooden furniture manufacturing units in West Bengal, India, and 148 referent subjects from different working sectors with similar socioeconomic status who have been categorized depending upon their experience. Socio-demographic features along with physical measures, physiological status, working posture, and discomfort at different body parts were evaluated following standard protocol. RESULTS: Based on the observations, it was found that most of the carpenters were suffering from work-related health predicaments, mainly musculoskeletal problems due to awkward working posture. Some of the working postures adopted by carpenters were identified as very strenuous. They complain about pain during working hours and also during the rest period. It was observed that the head, neck, shoulder, arm, elbow, wrist, upper back, lower back, waist, leg, knee, and ankle were majorly affected areas due to their repetitive nature of work with awkward posture. Body part discomfort rating showed that the lower back was mostly stressed and the elbow and leg were least. It was also found that their working place and their working environment and unergonomic tools make work more strenuous. CONCLUSION: So, some ergonomic interventions are required to improve the quality of life of the carpenter work, and scheduled rest-pause may enable the workers to recover from strain.

Application of Mirror Materials in Wood Furniture Manufacturing Process Based on Big Data Analysis

With the development of the national economy, the interior decoration work has received extensive attention, and the traditional decoration methods have been unable to meet its actual work needs. The application of mirror materials in interior decoration can not only enrich the technical methods of interior decoration, but also improve the decoration quality and comfort, so as to meet people’s growing decoration needs, achieving the purpose of promoting the sound development of interior decoration. Mirror material is one of the decorative materials widely used in modern indoor environment. It not only has decoration, but also can expand space. In recent years, the advent of the era of big data has promoted the reform of the design industry. Using big data thinking to assist the innovative design of furniture products will also become an important trend in the development of the furniture industry. According to the characteristics of customer demand in the era of big data, this paper designs and develops a set of customer demand analysis system based on big data by using cloud computing and big data mining technology. By collecting the behavior data of users when using products, this paper combines the mirror material with the manufacturing process of wooden furniture. The mining algorithm is applied to find out the improvement goal and direction of wood furniture manufacturing process based on mirror material, so as to enhance the competitiveness of furniture enterprises. The method proposed in this paper can obtain the furniture design elements according to the functional zoning and theme information and input the furniture design elements and zoning elements into the design element matching evaluation model to obtain the design matching element information.

Investigation on noise exposure characteristics of workers in wooden furniture manufacturing industry and textile industry

Objective: To investigate the occupational noise exposure characteristics and distribution of workers in wood furniture manufacturing industry and textile industry, so as to provide the basis for the establishment of noise source database and the prevention and control of noise hazards in China. Methods: In March 2020, a total of 653 workers in wood furniture manufacturing industry and textile industry were selected by cluster sampling method. A general questionnaire survey was conducted to measure the characteristics of noise exposure and analyze the changes of 8 h equivalent A-level (L(Aeq, 8 h)) and kurtosis of different industries and types of work. Results: The noise exposure L(Aeq, 8 h) of workers was (91.2±6.9) dB (A) , the median kurtosis and mean kurtosis were 37.0 and 105.0, respectively. 84.1% (549/653) of the workers had L(Aeq, 8 h)≥85 dB (A) , 49.0% (320/653) and 68.5% (447/653) of the workers had median kurtosis and mean kurtosis >10. The L(Aeq, 8 h) level of the textile industry was higher than that of the wooden furniture manufacturing industry, while the median and mean of kurtosis levels of the textile industry was lower than the wooden furniture manufacturing industry (P<0.01) . The L(Aeq, 8 h) levels of spinners and weavers were higher, and the median and mean of kurtosis of nailers were higher (P<0.05) . The mean and median of kurtosis were highly correlated among workers of two industries (r=0.80, P<0.01) . The L(Aeq, 8 h) was positively correlated with mean and median of kurtosis among workers of wooden furniture manufacturing industry (r=0.33 and 0.35, P<0.01) , while it was negatively correlated with mean and median of kurtosis among workers of textile industry (r=-0.45 and -0.40, P<0.01) . Conclusion: Indicators for noise exposure characteristics, such as L(Aeq, 8 h) and kurtosis vary greatly by industries and type of works. Multi-indicator joint measurement is conducive to comprehensive assessment of noise exposure and its health effects.

Factor Determinants on Availability and Consumption of Rubberwood in Peninsular Malaysia

Rubberwood sawntimber has become one of the major contributors to the Malaysian furniture export and economic growth in the past two decades as its demand from wooden furniture manufacturing has increased tremendously. Factors affecting availability and consumption of rubberwood sawntimber are identified through the multiple regression models. The results of the regression analyses have been statistically diagnosed and modified to generate the best models. Availability of rubberwood sawntimber is influenced by replanted area, price of rubberwood log, latex price and previous production of rubberwood sawntimber. Consumption of rubberwood sawntimber is influenced by national income and prices of other light hardwood species that are mainly consumed by sawmills, i.e. Dark Red Meranti and Red Meranti. The findings could be used as a guideline for the policy maker to develop strategies for further strengthens the wood based industry as a whole.

Monitoring Consumer Purchasing Behavior for Wood Furniture before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Monitoring consumer buying behaviors in terms of their preferences and attitudes has been known as an important driver for the success and development of various industries, including a wood furniture manufacturing. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the purchasing behaviors of furniture consumers in the period before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two surveys were conducted in Croatia, the first in April and May 2020 with the assumption that consumer purchasing behaviors will change during the COVID-19 pandemic in the following year and the second one during March 2021. Differences regarding consumer purchasing behaviors and preferences for wood furniture between respondents regarding demographic and economic factors before and during the pandemic were found. The coronavirus pandemic is teaching us all hard lessons about resilience and adaptability, and new opportunities and solutions are essential. Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly important to produce information. Research offers insights into future design and building communication to better meet the information needs of different types of consumers and to more broadly increase the acceptance and appeal of wood furniture in society in the spirit of sustainable and bio-based circular economy.

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT AND INNOVATION IN SMEs MANUFACTURERS OF WOOD FURNITURE IN TEQUISQUIAPAN, QUERÉTARO, MEXICO.

ABSTRACT The furniture sector has traditionally been a resource and labor-intensive industry characterized by the coexistence of both local craft-based firms and large volume producers. This work analyses management in the relationship between financial practices innovation processes in furniture companies. Financial management and the innovation are relevant factors for what wooden furniture manufacturers companies, remain in the market, this implies to transmit and systematize knowledge and ideas for product development with innovative designs and making competitive advantages. Research shows that lack of financial management skills and the application of innovative practices are more factors affecting the competitiveness of these productive entities. Keywords Furniture companies, financial management, innovation, small and medium enterprises.

Investigation and analysis of noise hazards in three key industries in Shenzhen City

Objective: To understand the basic situation of noise hazards in wood furniture manufacturing, stone processing and special equipment manufacturing industries in Shenzhen City, and to provide basis for preventing and controlling noise hazards. Methods: In August 2019, stratified random sampling ws used to select 21 wood funiture manafacturing, 15 stone processing and 24 special equipment manufactruing as survey object. Through the methods of occupational health field investigation, noise intensity measurement and occupational health examination data collection, the noise hazards of 60 enterprises in three industries were statistically analyzed. Results: There were 154, 44 and 113 noise detection points in wood furniture manufacturing, stone processing and special equipment manufacturing enterprises, and 101, 27 and 78 out of standard points respectively, and the exceeding standard rates were 65.6% (101/154) , 61.4% (27/44) and 69.0% (78/113) , respectively. There were 1670, 172 and 856 workers exposed to noise in the three industries. Among them, 1198, 134 and 703 people had taken occupational health examination. The physical examination rates were 71.7% (1198/1670) , 77.9% (134/172) and 82.1% (703/856) , respectively. The abnormal rates were 19.1% (229/1198) , 51.5% (69/134) and 37.8% (266/703) , respectively. Conclusion: High intensity noise working environment, too long noise exposure time, incorrect wearing of personal protective equipment and neglect of occupational health examination are important reasons for hearing loss of noise exposed personnel.

Sentiment analysis of comments of wooden furniture based on naive Bayesian model

In this paper, the sentiment analysis method based on machine learning is used to analyse the commodity reviews of wooden furniture which are sold well on MeiLeLe Furniture Website, and then extract the potential and valuable information generated in the interactive process by users and businesses, such as user attitudes and emotional tendencies, user preferences for the commodity attributes of wooden furniture to achieve the goal of improving the industrial design process of wooden furniture manufacturers, providing effective suggestions for merchants, improving the quality of wooden furniture commodities, and then improving the export level of our country. In order to obtain the information, the "Octopus Collector" is used to crawl the commentary information of wooden furniture commodities. The original data are needed to be cleaned and labelled manually before training the emotional tendency. In this paper, naive Bayesian algorithm is used to calculate the prior probability by using the training data with manual labelling, and a text classifier is constructed to classify the emotional tendency of the experimental data. Afterwards, it visualizes the positive emotional tendency of the commentary data to understand the commodity attributes that consumers are more concerned about when buying wooden furniture online. The experimental results show that consumers pay more attention to the quality factors, price factors and appearance factors of wooden furniture. Effective suggestions can be put forward to the merchants in these aspects.

Anatomical structure and physical properties of the 13 years old solomon-clone teakwood planted in Bogor, Indonesia

Anatomical structure, fiber dimension, and several physical properties of the 13 years old solomon-clone teak (Tectona grandis) wood planted in Bogor District, West Java Province, Indonesia have been studied. Macroscopic characteristics were observed directly by handy loupe, while microscopic characteristics were observed through microtome specimens. Fiber morphology was measured through maceration specimens, while physical properties were measured by modification of British Standard 373.1957. Results showed that anatomical structure and fiber length of this solomon-clone teakwood were not significantly different from those of common teakwood. The wood consists of 53% fiber, 29% vessel, 10% axial parenchyma, and 8% ray parenchyma; with 905.44-1199.36 μm fiber length and 2.50-6.72 μm cell wall thickness. Average of wood density and specific gravity was 1.04 g/cm3 and 0.51, respectively. Compared to those of 29 years old conventional teakwood as well as 4 and 5 years old faster grown teakwood planted at the same area, specific gravity of this wood was higher. In general, this solomon-clone teakwood is suitable as raw material for wooden furniture manufacturing. This wood is classified as the Strength Class of III, has decorative figures, wood grain is straight, wood texture is fine and even, lower in volumetric shrinkage, and without crystal or silica.

The evolution pattern of Input and output of Chinese forest products industry

Based on the data of China Statistical Yearbook of Industry and China Statistical Yearbook, this paper analyzes the evolution characteristics of the input and output of China’s forest product industry. The results show that from 2000 to 2018, the capital factor input of China’s forest product industry showed a trend of increasing year by year on the whole, while the labor input stabilized after 2008, and the paper industry even decreased. Before 2016, the total revenue of the main business of forest product industry showed a trend of annual growth, and then the growth rate declined or even declined. After 2011, the profit margin of assets in the forest product industry fluctuated and declined, and the total labor productivity increased year by year from 1999 to 2016, but the growth rate slowed down greatly after 2014.In addition, the granger causality test method is introduced to find that: for wood processing industry and wood furniture manufacturing industry, in general, there is a significant causal relationship between output scale and output quality, that is, there is a mutually reinforcing mechanism of action; The relationship between the two is not significant in the paper industry.

Source Composition Spectrum of Volatile Organic Compounds in Typical Industries in Sichuan

In this study, typical industries that act as sources of volatile organic compound (VOCs) emission in Sichuan, including automobile manufacturing, wooden furniture, wood-based panel manufacturing, and paint production, were selected and GC-MS national standard analysis to study the organized emission VOC components of every procedure. The spectra of VOCs in the automobile industry were obtained by means of total emission normalization. The results showed that the VOC components of automobile manufacturing, wooden furniture, and oil paint manufacturing enterprises were mainly aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygen-containing compounds, accounting for more than 70% of total VOCs; the emissions from automobile part manufacturing enterprises were mainly aromatic hydrocarbons, with a ratio of over 90%. The proportion of oxygen-containing compounds in the wood-based panel manufacturing industry was found to be up to 97%, mainly caused by the emission of formaldehyde, which accounts for 75%, followed by isopropanol, acetone, and other substances. The proportion of aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin in synthetic resin enterprises is relatively high at over 80%. The olefin species are mainly 1,3-butadiene and 1-butene. Although there are some differences in emission species between different industries, they are mainly composed of aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the identification and control of components with high concentration, activity, and toxicity for aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenates. The source, process, and end process control should be monitored to achieve the effect of total emission reduction.