Wood Dyeing Research Articles

Preparation of a Novel Chitosan Based Biopolymer Dye and Application in Wood Dyeing.

A novel chitosan-based biopolymer dye possessing antibacterial properties was synthesized by reaction of O-carboxymethyl chitosan and Acid Red GR. The synthesized materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), degree of substitution (DS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), water solubility test, antibacterial property test, and dyeing performance, including dye uptake, color difference, and fastness. Results showed that the synthesized dye was combined by –NH3+ of O-carboxymethyl chitosan and the sulfonic group of Acid Red GR. According to the comprehensive analysis of XRD and water solubility, the introduction of the carboxymethyl group and acid dye molecule changed the structure of the chitosan from compact to loose, which improved the synthesized dye’s water solubility. However, the thermal stability of the synthesized dye was decreased. The antibacterial property of the poplar wood dyed with the synthesized dye was enhanced and its antibacterial rate, specifically against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, also increased to a rate of more than 99%. However, the dye uptake of the synthesized dye was lower than that of the original dye. Despite this, though, the dyeing effect of the synthesized dye demonstrated better water-fastness, and light-fastness than the original dye. Therefore, the novel chitosan-based biopolymer dye can be a promising product for wood dyeing.

Aplikasi Pengawet pada Kayu Karet dan Pemanfaatannya untuk " Flooring"

Preserving rubber wood (Hevea brasiliensis) can avoid quality decrease that caused by termite and fungi. For preserving rubber wood we can use "Blue Vitriol (Terusi)" with sulphur copper as active material. This research used 3% and 5% concentration of Blue Vitriol, while for preserving we use a simple and pressure method. The simple method contained dyeing, varnish, and submersion of rubber wood in preserving. It pressure.method used empty cell and complete cell method, with 3 time variable of pressure, they were 0.5, 1, and 2 hours.The result of this research, concluded that the most effective simple method of preserving to avoid the attack of fungi and termite was submersion for 1 hour and 5% concentrate of preservative material. While when using pressure method the effective way was using 0.5 hour and 3 % concentrate of preservative material.

Pemanfaatan Zat Warna Alam Kayu Jambal (Pelthophorumferugineum) sebagai Sensitizer pada Sel Surya Fotoelektrokimia

Abstract– The Natural dye of Jambal wood (Pelthophorumferugineum) was used as sensitizer in the fabrication of dye sensitizer solar cell (DSSC). The dye was extracted by using solid-liquid extraction method with ethanol as a solvent. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to measure the absorbance of dye solution. TiO2 thin-layer was prepared by slip coating method which the pH 5 suspension of TiO2 Degussa on HCl deposited on a glass substrate Fluorine-doped Tin Oxide (FTO).Dye adsorption was done by the immersion TiO2 thin layer in the dye solution in ethanol for 24 hours after calcination, then used as the working electrode. Counter electrode was prepared by the deposition of gold on the glass substrate.The performance of solar cells sensitized of natural Jambal wood dye was investigated through the measurements of Isc (short circuit currents) and Voc (open circuit voltage on) during irradiation with sun simulated Philips Powertone lamp. The measurement results showed that the solar cell has Isc and Voc by 56 ηA/cm2 and 394 mV respectively. Keywords– Fotoelektrokimia, Dye Sensitized Solar Cell, zatwarnaalam, Jambal.

Application of RBF neural network improved by peak density function in intelligent color matching of wood dyeing

According to the characteristics of wood dyeing, we propose a predictive model of pigment formula for wood dyeing based on Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural network. In practical application, however, it is found that the number of neurons in the hidden layer of RBF neural network is difficult to determine. In general, we need to test several times according to experience and prior knowledge, which is lack of a strict design procedure on theoretical basis. And we also don’t know whether the RBF neural network is convergent. This paper proposes a peak density function to determine the number of neurons in the hidden layer. In contrast to existing approaches, the centers and the widths of the radial basis function are initialized by extracting the features of samples. So the uncertainty caused by random number when initializing the training parameters and the topology of RBF neural network is eliminated. The average relative error of the original RBF neural network is 1.55% in 158 epochs. However, the average relative error of the RBF neural network which is improved by peak density function is only 0.62% in 50 epochs. Therefore, the convergence rate and approximation precision of the RBF neural network are improved significantly.

Phytochemical Screening, Tyrosinase Inhibitory Effects and Kinetics of Cam Wood Dye Extracts

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme in melanin biosynthesis, as it catalyzes the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones. Cam wood dye was extracted using methanol, acetone and dichloromethane; while extracts obtained were screened for Phytochemicals as well as their tyrosinase inhibitory effects and kinetic studies. Phytochemical screening of the three extracts showed the presence of total phlobatanins in all extracts except methanolic which had minute presence. Cardiac glycosides and flavonoids were also observed in the dichloromethane extracts and methanolic extract respectively. The methanolic extracts had best enzyme inhibition (84.1%) at highest concentration considered of 400µg/ml as compared to the dichloromethane and acetone extracts with peak values of 58.5 and 51.5% respectively. The enzyme kinetics analysis of substrate showed same inhibition type for three extracts which was non-competitive and its mechanism irreversible. The Michealis-Mentens constants for the three extracts were determined to be 0.344, 0.355 and 0.214mM, for acetone, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts respectively while the values of Vmax/Km shows inhibiting extracts followed the order: methanol extract > acetone extract > dichloromethame extract. The result therefore showed that methanolic extracts of Cam wood dye was the most effective in tyrosinase inhibition.

Comparison among Parameters Affecting Vertical Vacuum Dyeing of Populus cathayana Rehd

Abstract Dyeing pale-colored plantation-grown hardwood is an effective way to meet the demand for richly colored tropical hardwoods used in decorative applications. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of wood dyeing parameters such as vacuum pressure, vacuum time, dyeing time, and dye concentration regarding the dyeing of Populus cathayana Rehd using the vacuum dyeing system. As the height increased, the color change decreased gradually. Color change and dye uptake gradually increased with increasing vacuum pressure and dye concentration. As the vacuum time and dyeing time increased, color change and dye uptake first gradually increased until water began to be discharged, leading to a decrease of the pressure gradient in the log, and then decreased.

Determining the Potential of Colorimetry in Wood Identification

Proper wood identification is the first step in allocating the appropriate utility of the wood species. This is a difficult task for it requires skills gained from a number of years of experience. To come up of with a simple, easy but reliable wood identification technique for unknown wood samples, the study was conducted to determine the feasibility of using colorimetry in identifying different wood species. Solvents used to obtain the wood dye extracts were hot water and ethanol. Light absorbance of the solution was measured using a colorimeter with three (3) light wavelengths particularly 468nm, 520nm and 650nm. Maximum light absorbance of the wood extracts varied significantly among wood samples. This showed that colorimeter readings were able to differentiate one wood sample from the other. Among the three wavelengths, 468 nm was the most successful in segregating the wood samples regardless of the solvent used. Although alcohol gave higher absorbance values, using water as a solvent provided a much clear separation between absorbance values. Hence, hot water should be used instead of alcohol. Besides being readily available, it is safer to handle and much cheaper than alcohol. Keywords - Wood Science, colorimetry in wood identification, wood dye extracts, Philippines

Wood Veneer Dyeing Enhancement by Ultrasonic-assisted Treatment

To extend the potential application of ultrasonic treatment in dyeing low-quality wood to improve decorative value, wood veneers were dyed with an ultrasonic assisted dyeing system. The effects of ultrasonic power, dye concentration, dyeing time, and temperature of ultrasonic-assisted treatment on dye-uptake, chromatic value, crystallinity, thermal stability, chemical structure, and microstructure for dyed wood veneer were investigated. The dye-uptake, chromatic value, and dyeing rate were improved by ultrasonic-assisted treatment. The effect was strengthened with an increase in ultrasonic power, dye concentration, and dyeing time and temperature. After ultrasonic treatment, the dyed wood properties such as lignin degradation, crystallization and thermal stability decreased slightly, and part of the wood microstructure such as the pit membrane and parenchyma cells was mechanically damaged. Ultrasonic-assisted treatment enhanced the permeability of wood by creating new fluid channels and sorption sites, and it is believed to be an energy-efficient and environmental wood dyeing technique.

Wood Dyeing

Wood Dyeing

Preliminary Study on Application of Computer Color Matching Technique for Wood Dyeing

Wood dyeing requires a non-subjective, repeatable method for determining the color testing and matching. Previously published method used human visual perception to determine the percent of dyestuffs. In this study, computer color matching technique was applied into the dyeing of fast growing wood for the imitation of precious wood species. The process includes measuring the color of wood samples, determining dyeset, preparing and measuring basic color samples, establishing a basic database, calculating and correcting recipes. The recipe of black walnut provided by the system was as follows: acid yellow 2G 0.19%, acid green 0.59%, acid red B 0.29%, with the chromatic difference 0.12%. It could be concluded that dyeing with computer color matching technique allows for a faster, less subjective and easily repeatable procedure that is superior to simple human visual perception.

G0900-1-4 光触媒による廃木質エタノールの生産(環境工学部門一般講演(1):資源循環・温暖化対策技術,社会変革を技術で廻す機械工学)

As for bioethanols produced with an unused wood, practical use as one of the renewable energy is expected. In the this study, the abandoned wood-based material was researched and it researched concerning the method of the oxidation decompose by the method of using the photocatalyst with a small environmental impact. The photocatalyst used is a titanium dioxide. Because it is not consumed by the reaction, and catalysis functions to the photocatalyst because of sunlight, it is thought that there is little environmental impact. The decomposition experiment of wood dyes. Moreover, the oxidative decomposition of the saw rubbish can have been able to be done by the photocatalyst and to confirm it.

Studies on Color Interaction Parameters and Color Fastness Properties for Dyeing of Cotton Fabrics with Binary Mixtures of Jackfruit Wood and other Natural Dyes

Bleached cotton fabric (after sequential pre-mordanting with myrobolan and then with aluminum sulfate applied in sequence) has been dyed with a pre-fixed concentration of purified binary mixtures of jackfruit wood (JFW) and other natural dyes, like manjistha (MJ), red sandalwood (RSW), mariegold (MG), sappan wood (SW) and babool (BL) in different proportions to obtain a variety of compound shades with varying color strength (K/S values) and related color parameters. Data on color fastness ratings for such dyed cotton fabrics to washing, light, and rubbing show somewhat moderate to poor washing fastness and light fastness properties in some cases, but quite a good rubbing fastness in all cases. To improve the wash and light fastness of these dyed cotton fabrics, the dyed cotton fabrics were further treated with selected cationic dye-fixing agents and also with an UV- absorber compound, respectively. 1% CTAB and 1% Sandofix HCF post-treatment rendered these dyed fabrics one grade higher washing fastness and 1% benztriazole treatment also increased the light fastness rating by half to one unit in most cases. The chemical interaction for these improvements of washing and light fastness properties by the said after-treatments have been discussed to explain the observed effects.

Recuperação de um acervo: uso da Radiação Gama (Cobalto 60) na descontaminação de objetos do acervo do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros - USP

The Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros (IEB) from the University of Sao Paulo received the charge from Sao Paulo's Federal Justice to take care of part of the collection from Banco Santos that was severely attacked by insects and micro-organisms (moulds) when stored in a warehouse that was flooded by intense rainfall. A chemical treatment to eliminate the biodeteriorating agents was tried but it was not effective. As the heap has a large amount of Xylograph wood dye, printings and manuscripts from cordel literature an urgent way to treat was searched and after the study and previous experience on wood irradiation process it was decided to submit promptly the heap to gamma irradiation. After the treatment the peaces were restored by IEB staff and now is being part of IEB collection and available for the scientific research community.

The Effects of the Color Developments on the Sun's Rays by Sappan wood Dyeing

The Effects of the Color Developments on the Sun's Rays by Sappan wood Dyeing

Emergency Response Spill Cleanup of Wood Treating Waste

Abstract The use of chromated copper arsenate (CCA) solution for pressure treating wood is an accepted method for extending the useful life of wood. However, the wood treating solution can be hazardous to the environment if spilled or improperly handled. In the spring of 1989, a fire at a wood treating plant in western Canada resulted in the accidental spill of a large amount of treating solution containing 3% CCA, along with a spill of an organic based wood dye. These two solutions combined with firefighting effluents and rain water to produce in excess of 100,000 US gallons of wastewater. The wastewater was contained on-site in ditches, portable pools, and tanker trucks. The British Columbia Ministry of the Environment (MOE) ordered the treatment of the waste prior to discharge to a nearby water course. A skid-mounted reverse osmosis/ion exchange treatment system was employed for the cleanup operation. Approximately 90,000 US gallons of the wood treating waste were processed over a 3 week period. The system was operated in a 70% recovery mode, where 70% of the feed wastewater was treated for discharge and the remaining 30% of concentrate was recovered for reuse in the wood treating plant. The quality of the treated effluent was confirmed by the MOE as suitable for discharge. The CCA level in the feed wastewater was reduced by >99.9% to <0.05 mg/L in the treated effluent. Wood dye was not visibly detected in the treated effluent. The productivity of the system decreased over the first 2 weeks of operation as the reverse osmosis membranes conditioned to the wastewater, and eventually attained a stable performance during the last week of operation as fouling became controlled. The results of this cleanup operation indicate the effectiveness of reverse osmosis followed by ion exchange polishing for treating spills of this nature, as well as other wastewater streams containing low concentrations of organic and inorganic contaminants.

木材の脱色と染色

木材の脱色と染色

Wood dyeing

The possibility of elimination of chromium in dye effluents during application of afterchrome dyes has been investigated. Eight commercially available azo mordant dyes were used in dyeing of wood fabric and aftertreated with iron (II) and iron (III) salts. Colour and lightfastness of received dyeings was compared with those obtained with the use of traditional chromium-aftertreated method. The structure of some complexes formed on wool fibre was characterised by negative ion fast atoms bombardment spectroscopy (FAB) and HPLC analysis. It was found that mordant dyes with ortho, ortho′-hydroxyazo chelate system aftertreated with iron salts form metal–dye complexes of 1:2 type.