Wood Consumption Research Articles

Influence of roof slope on timber consumption in plane trusses design

The growing world consumption of wood in civil construction is evident, especially in structural roofing systems. Despite being from a renewable source, its rational and intelligent use is of vital importance in the execution of structural designs. Because it is a system that is recognized worldwide in the design of trussing roof structures, there are several empirical assumptions for structural calculation. To reduce timber consumption, some tile manufacturers suggest a 10% (6°) slope between chords. However, after simulations of 11 slopes with angles from 5° to 15°, the timber consumption was inversely proportional to the slope, reaching a 90% difference between extreme angles. The method used to obtain the results was software designed according to the routines prescribed by the new draft standard of ABNT NBR 7190 (2021). Considering a prefabricated truss with 5 cm thickness sections, the design criterion was that of minimum height, increasing by 0.10 cm until all checks were satisfied. Finally, the minimum angle after which no strengthening is required on the bars was 10°.

Biomass valorization for energy applications: A preliminary study on millet husk

This study used millet husk which is a waste and gum Arabic as binder to develop briquettes for domestic cooking in Northern Nigeria. The objective was to investigate the effect of particle sizes, compaction pressures and binder concentrations on the physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of the briquettes. Furthermore, the study also accessed the economic viability of the usage of millet husk briquettes as fuel. Particle sizes of 0.3, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.7mm; compaction pressures of 10, 15, 20 and 25 MPa and binder concentrations (gum Arabic) of 25, 30, 35 and 40% were used to densify the millet husk mixed with gum Arabic at room temperature with the aid of hydraulic press. The caloric value (15.27 MJ/kg) was determined using ASTM D2015, other physical and chemical properties of the millet husk was determined by proximate and ultimate analysis which showed that volatile matter (76%), ash content (6.5%) and sulphur content (0.3%) are within the recommended range for domestic cooking fuels. It was found that the density (438 kg/m3 and 669 kg/m3), impact resistance index (70–93%) and compressive strength of the millet husk briquettes increased with compaction pressures and binder concentrations and decreases with increase in particle sizes, while for porosity of the briquettes, the above case was a reversal. The performance of the briquettes for domestic cooking were accessed by ignition time (109 and 140 s); burning rate (0.09 g/s and 0.18 g/s) and water boiling test which took 5 and 11 min to boil 1 L of water as compared to fuel wood that takes longer. Economic analysis showed that utilizing the millet husk generated in northern Nigeria will lead to huge savings in fuel wood consumption, monetary savings of about ₦ 9,257,869,268.62, and reduction in deforestation and its attendant problems. A structured questionnaire as used to ascertain the acceptability of the produced briquettes. Most of the respondents (90%) in a survey expressed willingness to use millet husk briquette as replacement for wood. The study concludes that millet husk is good for briquetting for energy applications with high potential to reduce energy poverty, minimal waste and reduce indoor pollution for domestic cooking therefore, making millet cultivation more profitable in Northern Nigeria.

Extraction, Utilization Pattern and Prioritization of Fuel Resources for Conservation in Hydro-electric Power Project Areas in Kullu District, Himachal Pradesh, Northwestern Himalaya

In hilly areas, fuelwood is the major source of the energy and it provides almost all of the cooking energy requirements. There are millions of people living inside the protected and unprotected areas with dependencies on these areas for essential services. Among these, fuelwood and fodder are two important and critical components of the village economy especially in the hills and the annual wood consumption is very high. Information on fuelwood resources, their extraction and availability are very scanty. Therefore, the present study was carried out to study the diversity of fuelwood species, annual collection, preference, and availability of fuel species in the forests. Forty six species (33 Trees and 13 Shrubs) were extracted for fuel by the inhabitants. Species preference ranged from 0.05-0.55 Probability Use (PU) and was highest for Cedrus deodara (0.55), followed by Picea smithiana, Pinus wallichiana and Quercus leucotrichophora (0.50, each), Alnus nitida, Quercus floribunda and Ulmus wallichiana (0.45, each) and Ulmus villosa (0.40). Use pressure ranged from 1.35-826.65 Resource Use Index (RUI and was highest for Cedrus deodara (826.65), followed by Picea smithiana (675.00), Quercus leucotrichophora (630.00), Pinus wallichiana (558.00) and Quercus floribunda (348.30). Therefore, immediate actions are suggested to sustain the current and future demand for fuelwood. Awareness among the villagers and mass multiplication through conventional and in-vitro methods for the species facing high anthropogenic pressures and their establishment and maintenance in the in-situ and ex-situ conditions may help in the conservation and management of these species.

Tree Conservation Challenges among the Indigenous Pastoral Rendille Community in Marsabit, Kenya

Every environment is surrounded by traditional people who have lived in the geographic location for a long time and use their particular knowledge to cohabit with the natural ecosystem. This study assessed challenges encountered towards tree conservation by the Rendille pastoral community in Kenya. Selected tree species; Olea europaea, Terminalia sp. and Hyphaene compressa, that are commonly used by the community were identified and the probable threats towards their conservation. Some of these tree conservation challenges by the indigenous Rendille were: charcoal burning and fuel wood consumption, demand of traditional tree medicinal value, climate variability extremes and demand for land for settlement by the community. The results indicate that, charcoal burning (84.4%) and demand for traditional tree medicine (77.3%) were leading causes frustrating tree conservation among the Rendille. To mitigate these challenges, the respondents indicated that, creation of awareness (89.1%) and promotion of other sources of fuel (78.9%) could be vital factors. The study recommends Integration of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) with formal education to enhance conservation of the mentioned tree species.

Experimental Study on the Bending Behavior of Steel-Wood Composite Beams

This paper proposes a steel-wood composite beam with H-shaped steel beam webs glued to the wood. As a new type of composite beam, it combines the advantages of low energy consumption of wood, high permeability, and less pollution and the advantages of light weight and high strength of steel, high degree of assembly, short construction period, and less construction waste generated. Carrying out research is of great significance to improve the mechanical properties of steel-wood composite beams and promote the development of steel-wood composite structures. In this paper, three hot-rolled H-beam-larch composite beams and one pure steel beam were tested for bending capacity. The composite beams are divided into two different combinations of A and B types. The two sides of the web are connected with larch wood by structural glue to form a composite beam. The type B composite beam is a larch wood glued on both sides of the H-shaped steel web and penetrates the bolts at the same time. Through the three-point monotonic static grading loading of the composite beam, the deflection change, failure phenomenon, and form of the specimen during the experiment were observed. Under the circumstances, the ultimate bearing capacity of the test piece was changed to study the combined effect of larch and hot-rolled H-shaped steel. The results show that the overall performance of the H-shaped steel-larch composite beam is good. Bonding wooden boards on both sides of the steel beam web can improve the bearing capacity, and the form of the member is more reasonable and effective; increasing the cross-sectional size of the H-beam in the steel-wood composite beam can further improve the bearing capacity of the composite beam; adding bolt anchorage on the basis of the structural glue used in the composite beam can further improve the bearing capacity of the composite beam. The superposition principle is used to simplify the calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of H-shaped steel-larch composite beams. Comparing the calculation results with the test results, the data are in good agreement, which can provide a design reference for the practical application of such composite beams.

Social perception of climate change and forms of use impact on the forests of Dogo-Kétou and Pobè in Benin

This study examined the local perception on the climate changes and how these changes combined with anthropogenic pressures generated by the forms of use of the forest resources, impact the sustainability of the forests of Pobè and Dogo-Kétou in southeast Benin. The data were collected through an investigation of 148 and 139 local populations sampled respectively in the municipalities of Pobè and Kétou in the studied area. An interview guide and a structured research questionnaire were used to collect the data which were analyzed using the software Ri386 3.5.1. The mains results revealed that more than 98% of the local population living around these forests perceive the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activities are the main causes. The consequences of climate change from the social perception are diversified, such as the violent winds and the scarcity of rains. The prolonged droughts are also confirmed by 61% of local population in Kétou and 81% in Pobè. In these conditions, trees have a harder time of reproduction with a poor capacity of regeneration. The analysis of the vulnerability of these forests in relation to the use values (UV) revealed that the populations living near to Dogo-Kétou forest use so much the forest resources (UV>2.5) than those of Pobè (UV<2.5). So, moderate pressure was notified on Pobè forest. The forest of Dogo-Kétou is therefore more vulnerable than the forest of Pobè from the view of the pressures linked to the categories of uses relative to food, energy wood, service wood, non-timber forest products and medicinal use. For adaptation strategies, the local population revealed the enrichment of the forests by indigenous forest species (32% in Kétou and 19% in Pobè), the reforestation (76% in Kétou and 84% in Pobè) and the creation of private plantations (39% in Kétou and 57% in Pobè). However, the establishment of ethnobotanical family gardens, the reduction of wood consumption for energy to the detriment of domestic gas, sensitization, prayer (church and vodoun) are ways to better adapt a good resilience to climate change.Keywords: Climate change, adaptation strategies, reforestation, resilience, forests, Benin.

Potential of Using Sugarcane Leaves to Produce Pulp for Paper Making

The search for alternative fiber sources among which non-wood materials have found wide application in pulp and paper production. Sugarcane leaves can be among non-wood sources for papermaking. Tanzania has a lot of sugarcane leaves, which are burned during harvesting period in sugar industries. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the Potential of using sugarcane leaves to produce pulp for papermaking. This will lead to reduced wood consumption as well as minimization of global warming impact resulting from CO2 emissions as a result of burning of sugarcane fields before harvesting. Pulping of sugarcane leaves was achieved through chemical pulping method (Soda pulping) with two different effective alkali charges (EA-12% and EA-18%) and the pulp obtained were tested for their Kappa number (33.9, 20.9), Pulp yield (35.8%, 27.2%), and Freeness (520CSF and 490CSF). The resulting pulp was used for hand sheet making and the papers obtained were tested for their mechanical properties; Grammage (58.5, 59.4) g/m2, Tensile index (30.5, 41.1) Nm/g, Tear index (9.4, 9.5) Nm2/g, burst index (3.3, 4.7) k.pa.m2/g and Elongation at break (2.57, 2.75) %, for papers made from sugarcane leaves pulp with two different treatments respectively. The overall results showed that Tanzanian sugarcane leaves has a promising potential as alternatives fibers for pulp and paper making industry.

Economic feasibility of wood-based structures—Improving urban carbon neutrality strategies

Abstract Countries and cities alike have set carbon neutrality goals for the near future. Urban areas are experiencing an increased demand for new housing developments, and buildings are responsible for one third of all greenhouse gas emissions. The relative share of construction emissions is increasing as energy production is de-carbonizing. Wooden structures have showcased potential in substantially decreasing these emissions. However, for the construction industry to utilize environmentally friendly products, the cost efficiency needs to be determined. Prior research does not present conclusive results regarding the construction costs or value of wooden buildings. This study aims to determine the economic feasibility of wood-based structures in housing. We approach this by estimating the effect of wood on Finnish dwelling prices through hedonic regression analyses. Dwelling prices are analysed with transaction data from the Helsinki metropolitan area. It is provided by the Central Federation of Finnish Real Estate Agencies. The data represents occurred transactions between 1999 and 2018. The study discovers that a wooden structure has a positive price effect in the Helsinki metropolitan region suggesting an economically feasible opportunity to create low carbon urban housing. In the city of Helsinki, the effect is statistically significant (+8.85%) whereas no significance is found in either Espoo or Vantaa. The results suggest that in Helsinki, a direct financial benefit exists for both the city and private developers. For other cities, the study encourages the increase of consumption of wood due to its environmental properties. The study implies that wooden construction is an economically feasible solution in mitigating climate change. As this may provoke an increased demand for wood in construction, further research should be conducted to analyse its effects on the economy and the environment.

Sustainable forest management and forest products industry development in Ethiopia

The objective of this study was to examine existing knowledge on forest products development and to promote sustainable forest management in Ethiopia. Furthermore, the paper aimed to assess the development and status of Ethiopia's forest products industry in terms of resource base, manufacturing and marketing. It was found that the current annual fuelwood consumption is about 133M m3, with 90% of cooking energy obtained from woody biomass. Wood consumption for primary and secondary forest products manufacturing is expected to increase from the current 112M m3 to 158M m3 by 2033. This review reveals that the development and innovation of a sustainable forest products industry in Ethiopia should balance the production and ecological functions of forest resources. To meet Ethiopia's primary and secondary forest products needs, it is recommended that a clear policy framework be advanced and promoted, including wood technology, forest science and education, silviculture, and post-plantation management practices.

Towards sustainability of ecosystem services in North-East Nigeria

Ecosystem services are the very essence of the inhabitants of the North-East Region of Nigeria; hence the sustainability of these services is very important. The concept of sustainability is imprecise and reveals two main underlying issues which are intergenerational fairness and the moral responsibility of the current generation to its descendants on the one hand, and the role of assets provided by nature including forest and marine ecosystems in satisfying both current interests and the obligations we assume to the future on the other. Many benefits from ecosystem services accrue to the six states of Adamawa, Gombe, Taraba, Yobe, Bauchi and Borno in the North-East Region of Nigeria. The economic value of Hadejia-Nguru wetlands which forms part of the Kamadougou-Yobe River Basin of the Lake Chad Basin was estimated at over US$16 million per year. The estimated value of ecosystem services that can be attributed to inland watersheds and wetlands range between US$5000 and US$100,000 per hectare while coastal watersheds and wetlands were between US$500 and US$1,000,000 per hectare in 2007. The product of the national average of 0.284 tonnes/person/year of fuel wood consumption and number of inhabitants of 24,051,418 (2006 census projected to 2014) gave an estimated consumption of 6,830,603 tonnes/person/year for the six North-Eastern States. However, there are threats to the sustenance of ecosystem services, some of which include urbanization, progressive industrialization, overgrazing, exploitation of natural resources, depletion of wetlands, watersheds and insurgencies which have drastically reduced production of and accessibility to ecosystem services. These threats can be mitigated through development of framework for assessing demand and supply of these services, restoration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems through biodiversity approach, capacity building and forestry extension services to create awareness among the populace on the importance and value of ecosystem services.

Innovative Line for Door Production TechnoPORTA—Technological and Economic Aspects of Application of Wood-Based Materials

Material losses are caused by the machining process and the manufacturing process, as well as the use of excessive dimensional allowances applied to the machined materials. An adequate reduction of the planned machining allowances for wood-based panel components is possible when the machining line is properly designed and equipped with high-precision machines and devices. The aim of the study was to determine the size of material savings in relation to the most important construction materials when implementing an innovative technological line for processing industrial doors made of wood materials. The achieved savings improve the competitiveness of the door manufacturer on the market. In order to calculate the material savings obtained in the production of the most important models of door leaves that can be obtained in machining on the TechnoPORTA line, numerical data were compiled specifying the dimensions of semi-finished products, taking into account machining allowances applied before and after reduction. The implementation of the TechnoPORTA line makes it possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment by reducing the consumption of wood. It reduces the consumption of materials and the operating costs associated with the reduction of labor intensity, the load on machines and devices, and inventory levels.

Wood(s): Imagining How a Materials Bank can Catalyse Circular Timber Flows in Leuven, Belgium

This paper constructs an alternative history of wood in Leuven (Belgium) to help contextualize the city’s contemporary project for a building materials bank as part of their larger efforts to make the urban metabolism more circular. Focusing on the history of Leuven’s forests, canal, and deconstruction practices, this paper aims to show how the materials bank will also intervene into the larger overlapping timber flows of the region. By analysing how (circular) wood flows were strongly intertwined with urban and landscape development projects in pre-industrial Leuven, the paper speculates on how the materials bank could revitalize broken spatial connections towards more circular timber flows in Leuven, while catalysing circular urban landscape and infrastructure development. It shifts focus from a materials bank as a circular waste management response “redirecting” wood waste flows to an integrated infrastructural question addressing path dependencies in the wood extraction, processing, consumption and disposal chain.

Assessment of Fuel Wood Energy Demand of Arba Minch Town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

The current rate of deforestation in Ethiopia is exacerbated by number of factors including increased rate of population, increased fuel wood consumption, urbanization, infrastructure development, etc. However, fuel wood energy requirement is one of the major problems causing deforestation. The current study was conducted during 2017 with the objective to estimate the fuel wood consumption of Arba Minch Town. To achieve this objective a household survey was conducted in the town. Out of 11 kebeles of the town four were selected purposely. 58 household respondents were selected for the study. People of the area using fuel wood for various purposes such as cooking, for lighting and for selling as source of income. Arba Minch forest is the source of fuel wood for majority of the households. On average basis, single house hold is using 4.01 kg of fuel wood day-1. The fuel wood consumption of other user such as hotels, govt. institutions were also recorded by conducting survey in four sub cities. Among different user group of fuel wood in the town fuel wood consumption by individual HHs were maximum (66 t day-1 or 24090 t year-1) followed by hotels (2.65 t day-1 or 969.08 t year-1) and lowest by government institutes (110 t day-1 or 40.15 t year-1). Thus, total consumption of fuel wood in Arba Minch town is 68.78 t day-1 or 25,099.23 t year-1. The demand for fuel wood consumption is in increasing trend. This growing demand of fuel wood from household is posing a threat to the remaining natural forest and associated wildlife and resources. Therefore, it is recommended that there is a need of adoption of alternative sources of energy which can replace fuel wood energy. Thus community participation in forest protection should be encouraged and illegal consumption of fuel wood in the study area should be checked.

Effects of Using Solar Water Heating System on Fuelwood Consumption in Forest Villages

Aim of study: In this study, the effects of the use of solar water heating system of forest villagers in Gumushane were investigated. 
 Material and methods: For this purpose, random selected by 70 forest village households were examined and the results were analyzed by One Sample T-Test. Within the scope of the research, face-to-face surveys were conducted with the families with the villagers who were determined with information provided by Department of Forest-Village Relations. The villagers were chosen among those who had used this solar energy heating system for at least 5 years. The data in the questionnaires were transferred to digital media and it was tried to determine how the forest villagers were affected by solar water heating systems.
 Main results: As a result, after the use of solar water heating systems; the consumption of firewood for heating has not changed. The consumption of wood used for cooking and the consumption of wood used for hot water has also decreased. 
 Highlights: Thanks to this solar water heating system, carbon accumulation in forests has increased and a positive contribution has been made to climate change.

Application strategies by selective medium treated with entomopathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as potential biocontrol against Coptotermes curvignathus.

The success of microbial termiticides in controlling termites depends on the ability of microbes to grow in different media and the functionality of the microbes as a resistant barrier or toxic bait. This study was conducted to understand the mortality rate and behaviour changes of the subterranean termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren introduced with different concentrations of Serratia marcescens strain LGMS 1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain LGMS 3 using wood and soil as bacterial transfer medium. In general, higher concentration of bacteria in soil caused a reduction in tunnelling activity and wood consumption and an increase in mortality. However, application on wood revealed a different outcome. Wood treated with S. marcescens of 106 CFU ml−1 concentration proved to be more efficient as bait than higher concentration applications as it caused a high mortality rate while still highly palatable for termites. Wood or soil treated with S. marcescens concentration higher than 109 CFU ml−1 creates a high toxicity and repellent barrier for termites. Pseudomonas aeruginosa of 109 CFU ml−1 concentrations applied on wood served as a slow-acting toxic bait. However, the ability for S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa to survive on wood is low, which made the bait unable to retain a useful level of toxicity for a long period of time and frequent reapplication is needed.

Wooden low-rise construction. New constructive and technological solutions

Currently, Russia is in dire need of a large-scale expansion of the construction of low-rise residential buildings, both in urban areas and in rural areas. As of today, various technologies are used in low-rise construction, including those with the use of wood. The feasibility of expanding the choice of wood as the main building material is due to a number of known advantages over other building materials. However, upon a detailed examination of the territory of the Russian Federation as a whole, it should be noted, despite the fact that our country has huge reserves of forest resources, forests are distributed over the territory of our country extremely unevenly. In order to increase the efficiency of wood consumption for the needs of low-rise housing construction, it is proposed to improve the panel construction technology from wood and wood materials by simplifying the structural scheme of the building, increasing its spatial rigidity and reducing the labor intensity of installation. This improvement is realized due to the organic combination of the advantages of frame and panel technologies with the elimination, if possible, of their main structural, installation and operational shortcomings. The proposed technology for erecting a building from wooden panels makes it possible to simplify the design scheme, increase its spatial rigidity and reduce the labor intensity of installation, which gives impetus to further improvement of design solutions for residential buildings, industrial buildings and public facilities designed on the basis of wood and wood materials, ensuring the rational use of material in sparsely wooded areas of our country.

Rendimento gravimétrico da carbonização e caracterização qualitativa do carvão vegetal em clones de híbridos de <i>Corymbia</i> spp para uso industrial

Na presente pesquisa, objetivou-se avaliar os rendimentos gravimétricos da carbonização e as características qualitativas do carvão vegetal de clones de híbridos obtidos dos cruzamentos de espécies de Corymbia, e identificar os mais adequados para uso siderúrgico. Seis clones, aos 6 anos e 5 meses de idade, foram utilizados na pesquisa e amostradas cinco árvores de cada material genético. As carbonizações laboratoriais foram realizadas à temperatura final de 450°C, taxa de aquecimento de 100°C.h-1 e tempo de residência de 30 minutos. Os rendimentos gravimétricos da carbonização foram determinados em relação à madeira seca. O carvão produzido foi qualificado, considerando-se a análise química imediata, poder calorífico superior, densidade energética, consumo específico de madeira e a eficiência energética. Na avaliação do experimento, foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições (árvores). A análise multivariada de componentes principais foi empregada para obter a variância dos vetores normalizados, considerando as características avaliadas nos carvões. Os resultados obtidos indicaram o elevado potencial para a utilização dos materiais genéticos de Corymbia, para fins energéticos, sobretudo para a produção de carvão vegetal siderúrgico. O clone 1 foi o destaque para a produção de carvão vegetal e lenha, pois apresenta maiores densidades aparentes e energéticas, maior teor e rendimento em carbono fixo, além de possuir menor consumo específico de madeira por tonelada de carvão vegetal produzido. Os clones 2 e 4 foram os que mais se distinguiram dos demais, respectivamente, em decorrência de seu maior teor de cinzas e por apresentar maior consumo específico de madeira na produção de carvão. O uso de clones híbridos de Corymbia, para a produção de carvão vegetal, pode ser uma boa alternativa, em razão de seu rápido crescimento e qualidades semelhantes de madeira e carvão vegetal a outras espécies que já são usadas para a finalidade energética.

Methodology of monitoring wood sources and consumption in the Czech Republic

Currently, it is difficult to identify correct data on wood sources and their consumption in the Czech Republic. Official statistics of wood production are relatively limited to obtaining data that accurately captures the objective wood production, which would enable the observation of the direction or consumption of particular tree species or products. This uncertainty is then transferred to the wood flow for industrial and energy processing, and it is not possible to compose a detailed picture of how much wood and which sources enter into the wood processing and how large the total material flow is. The aim of this paper is to present an option for how to determine this lack of valid information that enables clear outcomes necessary for decision making by means of the recalculation of wood sources consumed in the Czech Republic, using the data of processing capacities and foreign trade. The reverse model better expressed a conversion value of roundwood into the products and allowed optimal approximation in the wood sources assessment.

Termiticidal activity of oil from Jatropha curcas L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss against Coptotermes sjostedti Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

BackgroundCoptotermes sjostedti Holmgren (Isoptera:Rhinotermitidae) is one of the major termite species found infesting woods and other plant materials in Africa. Bioassays were carried out at the Arboretum of the Department of Forestry and Wildlife Resources Management, University of Calabar, Nigeria to investigate the effect of oils from the kernel of Jatropha curcas L. and Azadirachta indica oils A. Juss against the African subterranean termite (Coptotermes sjostedti Holmgren). Treatments comprised of the plant oils and Solignum (a synthetic termiticide, serving as positive control) applied at the rate of 5, 10 and 15 mL per 100 cm3 of the wood from seven plant species. Untreated woods also served as control. Seven wood species were placed in a test arena and artificially infested with 50 termites per unit. The setup was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Data on termite mortality and wood weight loss were recorded.ResultsThe use of 10 and 15 mL of J. curcas oil caused more than 90% mortality of C. sjostedti, after 96 h, kept wood consumption by the insect below 6.0% after 3 months, and these outcomes were similar to that of Solignum at the same concentrations. About 35.0–65.2% reduction in weight was observed among untreated woods from the tested woods, indicating their susceptibility to C. sjostedti attacks. Correlation analysis shows a significant (r > − 0.900; P < 0.0001) negative association between termite mortality and the rate of wood consumption.ConclusionThe use of J. curcas oil at 10 mL per 100 cm3 of wood could be a potent alternative to Solignum for the control of C. sjostedti.

UNDERSTANDING THE DYNAMICS OF THE BRAZILIAN MARKET FOR NATIVE FOREST WOOD: A CASE STUDY FOR MINAS GERAIS STATE, BRAZIL

ABSTRACT Understanding the Brazilian market for native wood helps forest managers and can guide conservation policies. This study aimed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of supply and demand of the Brazilian native wood for four products namely, charcoal, roundwood, firewood, and sawn wood. We used the consumed wood volume from 2006 to 2016 in Minas Gerais (MG) tracking its supplier in Brazil accounting for 31 million cubic meters. These data were used as input for calculating mean centers and performing grouping analysis. The wood supply centers for the energy sector in Brazil have moved from Cerrado to the Caatinga biome. This change is consistent with historical patterns of agricultural expansion in Brazil. The largest mesoregions producing wood were: East of Mato Grosso do Sul State, South of Goiás State, and Center-South of Bahia State. The solid wood supply centers have moved from the North to Midwest regions but remained within the Amazon biome for almost all the years. This pattern is likely a consequence of timber regulation practices in the Amazon. The mesoregions: Madeira-Guaporé and East of Rondônia State, Southeast and Northeast of Pará State, and North of Mato Grosso State were the most important suppliers of solid wood to MG. Wood consumption for energy is centered in the Center and North regions of MG State, especially in Sete Lagoas, a hub of pig iron and cement industries. Solid wood products are dispersed in MG State, being Belo Horizonte, Conselheiro Lafaiete, Ubá, and Uberlândia the distribution centers of native wood for the furniture industry within MG. The spatial statistics helped to exploit the activity of the native wood market in Brazil and provides essential information for decision-makers that was not previously available.