Wood-based Panels Research Articles

Effect of wood adhesive modification with liquefied lignocellulosic biomass and nanocellulose on the formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds emissions of particleboards

ABSTRACT Reducing harmful emissions from wooden materials is a major challenge for the wood industry. This is particularly important for the particleboard sector, where the use of formaldehyde-based resins can cause substantial pollutant emissions. With the aim of finding a greener alternative to commercial resins, the authors applied four types of liquefied lignocellulosic biomass and two types of nanocellulose-based formulations as a partial replacement of melamine-urea-formaldehyde resin for single-layer particleboard manufacturing and tested: formaldehyde content, formaldehyde and volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions of the boards. The results revealed reduced formaldehyde content (up to −20%) and a slight decrease (max −13%) in formaldehyde emission in comparison to the panel produced with commercial resin when applying liquefied biomass in the adhesive mass. The values of VOC emissions in the particleboards developed with the alternative adhesive systems were substantially lower in comparison to the commercial panel, especially for γ-methacryloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane nanocellulose, which allowed to achieve a reduction of about 67% of total VOC emissions. Overall, liquefied wood products obtained from softwood bark showed the best performance in decreasing the emissions. The results confirmed the research hypothesis that the use of liquefied lignocellulosic biomass and nanocellulose can reduce the emissions of harmful substances from the wood-based panels.

The Effect of Water-Based Primer Pretreatment on the Performance of Water-Based Inkjet Coatings on Wood Surfaces

Wood surface staining suffers from volatile organic gas (VOC) emissions and uneven staining at knots, and these environmental and decorative performance issues are the main restrictions in the application of wood products, indoors and outdoors. Herein, the method of wood-based panel surface staining is presented for improving environmental and decorative performance using environmentally friendly water-based inks, water-based primers, and digital inkjet coloring technology. The wood-based panels’ dye coatings were prepared with oak plank as the sample substrate, a one-component water-based primer as the interfacial adhesive, and a water-based ink as a coating agent. The application amount of water-based primer was 15 g per square meter, applied twice by a roller, and the coating thickness reached approximately 20 μm. The influence of the one-component water-based primer on the interfacial properties of water-based inkjet coatings was investigated via Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, a video contact angle analyzer, and environmental scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the one-component water-based primer connected the plain board to the inkjet-printed coating. The addition of a water-based primer coating reduced the contact angle of the wood surface from 41.69° to 37.28° and increased wettability. This helped enhance the adhesion of the water-based inkjet coating, and the primer treatment in the semi-closed state covered the scar defects of the plain board while preserving the path of grain holes on the wood surface. With image editing and inkjet dyeing, the surface of the oak plank obtained a uniform staining effect on the primer coating while maintaining the original natural pore texture of the wood. This study proves that a one-component water-based primer pretreatment process for water-based inkjet printing coatings on wood surfaces has excellent modification ability and interface adhesion. It provides a feasible method of color modification for artificial panel surfaces.

Reinforcement of urea formaldehyde resins with pectins derived from orange peel residues for the production of wood-based panels

Pectin is a high molecular weight carbohydrate polymer that can be utilized in various applications in many sectors. The current study involved extracting pectin samples from orange peel residues and utilizing them as additives in water-based adhesive systems for producing composite wood panels. Three pectin types were used, named Pectin-A (extracted from orange peels with HCl), pectin-B (extracted from orange peels with H2SO4) and a commercial pectin called Pectin-C. The aim of the study was to examine the possibility of enhancing the efficacy of wood-based panels, such as particleboard, by strengthening amino resins like urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) using pectin samples. Three methods were utilized to incorporate the pectins into the adhesive systems: pectin 0.1% w/w dry/liquid resin added during the initial (1) and final (2) stage of the resin’s synthesis and pectin 0.1% w/w dry/liquid resin was incorporated into the glue mixture (3), which was then sprayed onto wood particles for the production of particleboard (PB) panels. It was found that pectins improve the performance of the final particleboards, especially when added during the UF resin synthesis. In addition, they may provide the adhesive and wood panel producers with a more environmentally friendly bio-additive for their products.

Wooden sandwich panels with auxetic core for furniture - experimental and numerical analysis

Honeycomb panels manufactured from wood and paper materials promote a high-value utilization of wood resources. However, the poor mechanical properties and uncommon thicknesses (32 and 40 mm) of paper honeycomb panels limit their application and promotion in the panel furniture industry. Hence, numerous attempts have been made to develop high-strength and low-density wood sandwich composites for the frames and partitions of cabinet furniture. This paper describes a method for manufacturing lightweight sandwich panels (18 mm thickness) with auxetic cores, made of fast-growing poplar. The mechanical properties of the panels and the negative Poisson's ratio of the perforated sheet cores were determined by three-point bending and uniaxial compression tests. The lower density, higher modulus of elasticity, and bending strength suggest that the developed panel is a good substitute for traditional wood-based panels. A numerical model for panels in bending tests is proposed and validated against the experimental analysis results. These investigations facilitate further research into optimizing the sandwich panel structure and its applicability in the architectural and furniture industry.

Melamine Acetate Preparation as a Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Additive for Particleboard Production

Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin binders for wood-based panel production often use melamine as an additive to improve both mechanical properties and environmental compliance. Direct fortification for efficient use of melamine remains a problem due to low solubility. Pizzi & coworkers suggested the use of more soluble melamine salts and demonstrated success in terms of product performance. However, their preparation method showed low productivity and inefficient use of material and energy. In their scheme, a batch reactor fed with 1 kg of water and 75 g of a stoichiometric amount of melamine and acetic acid produced only around 25 g of solid melamine acetate crystal. In contrast, the remaining 50 g remained dissolved in 991 g of water, which requires high of energy to evaporate. This paper reports an attempt to increase batch productivity and work towards the more efficient use of material and energy. The experiment showed that the successive addition of melamine and acetic acid to the batch up to the solubility limit of melamine at the same reaction condition increased melamine and acetic acid fed from 75 g to 165 g. This was followed by a significant increase in dry crystal yield from 25 g to 117 - 132 g. Feeding the mother liquor to the next batch decreased the water use to only 8% of the original requirement. This resulted in a highly efficient process, eliminating the need for energy-intensive melamine acetate recovery from the mother liquor. The addition of 2% - 4% wt. of the product to UF resin resulted in particleboard with significantly lower thickness swelling, an increase in MOR & IB strength, and lower formaldehyde emission.

Strong, durable and eco-friendly plywood bonded with chemically-upcycled wasted disposable masks

In the post-COVID-19 era, the effective upcycle of wasted disposable medical masks (DMMs) is crucial to minimize negative environmental impacts. This study focuses on the preparation of a strong, durable and eco-friendly three-ply plywood by bonding veneers with chemically-upcycled polypropylene filter (PPF) from DMMs. Alkaline pretreatment was used to enhance the surface polarity and wettability of PPF. Acacia tannin pretreatment cross-lined the phenolic hydroxyl group of acacia tannin with wood constituents and acted as a coupling agent to connect PPF and wood. Electrochemical activation and hot-pressing were applied sequentially (“two-steps”) and simultaneously (“one-step”). Both methods improved mechanical properties compared to the untreated plywood (CK). The “one-step” method showed the highest mechanical properties (bonding strength: 1.2 MPa, modulus of rupture: 65 MPa, and modulus of elasticity: 6.3 GPa). Electrochemical activation magnified acacia tannin’s coupling effect, creating continuous and uniform bond lines among wood-PPF interface. The “one-step” plywood withstood significant deformation in hygro- and thermal-environments, with less strain distribution due to simultaneous electrochemical activation and hot pressing. The formaldehyde emission from both “two-steps” and “one-step” plywoods was as low as 0.07 mg/L, significantly lower than that prepared by the conventional resins. This strong, durable and eco-friendly plywood provides an effective approach to upcycle DMMs and manufacture formaldehyde-free wood-based panels of high-value.

Recycling of Waste Bamboo Biomass and Papermaking Waste Liquid to Synthesize Sodium Lignosulfonate/Chitosan Glue-Free Biocomposite.

The development of the paper industry has led to the discharge of a large amount of papermaking waste liquid containing lignosulfonate. These lignin black liquids cause a lot of pollution in nature, which runs counter to the current environmental protection strategy under the global goal. Through the development and use of lignosulfonate in papermaking waste liquid to increase the utilization of harmful substances in waste liquid, we aim to promote waste liquid treatment and reduce environmental pollution. This paper proposes a new strategy to synthesize novel glue-free biocomposites with high-performance interfacial compatibility from papermaking by-product sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan (L/C) and waste bamboo. This L/C bamboo biocomposite material has good mechanical properties and durability, low formaldehyde emissions, a high recovery rate, meets the requirements of wood-based panels, and reduces environmental pollution. This method is low in cost, has the potential for large-scale production, and can effectively reduce the environmental pollution of the paper industry, promoting the recycling of biomass and helping the future manufacture of glue-free panels, which can be widely used in the preparation of bookcase, furniture, floor and so on.

Utilization Potential of Tree-of-Heaven Species Biomass—A Review

Climate change and the subsequent increase in global mean air temperature already present a significant impact on forest vegetation. Especially in the near future, several forest species are expected to be in danger of extinction or compelled to migrate to colder regions. Some common species will be replaced by highly climate-tolerant species, primarily exotic plants, among others. The tree of Ailanthus, or “tree-of-heaven”, as it is widely known, constitutes a rapidly growing plant, considered to be native to parts of China, while since the middle of the 18th century, it gradually spread to Europe and North America. This species demonstrates a preference for warmer, drier environments, although it can also survive in a variety of habitats and endure pollution of urban areas. It is a species with several uses, such as for animal feed, fuel, timber, pharmaceutical applications, etc., while its suitability for specialized applications of high-added-value is constantly being investigated. Its wood has a desirable appearance and characteristics that are comparable to those of other hardwood species of similar densities/weight. This article discusses some of the most important characteristics of Ailanthus wood and presents a comprehensive and constructive review of the chemistry, pharmacology, traditional and innovative uses, quality control, biological resistance, potential utilization in bioenergy and biofuels and wood products (e.g., wood-based panels, other advanced structure materials, etc.), use challenges and limitations, in order to contribute to the utilization potential assessment of this species biomass.

Potential of adhesive bonding technology for joining thermo-mechanically modified wood composites in automotive application

Wood composites are a sustainable alternative to lightweight materials, but most often only possess low to medium mechanical properties. The stiffness and strength of wood-based panels can however greatly be enhanced by a densification process. In this context the question arises as to whether the increase in density and the associated compaction of the cell structure have a lasting effect on the adhesion of binders and the overall bonding ability. This paper therefore investigates the extent to which thermo-hydro-mechanical compression at different pressure levels affects the adhesive infiltration into laminated beech veneer composites. For this purpose, not only the mechanical properties of the plywood are analysed, but also the infiltration of polyurethane and polyvinyl acetate adhesives by fluorescence microscopy. Results show that although the infiltration capacity of the adhesives is impaired by the densification, higher degrees of compression are also accompanied by superior mechanical properties.

Mechanical properties of structural particleboard and termite and decay resistance

The mechanical properties and termite and decay resistance performance of wood-based panel used in wooden houses were evaluated. The physical and mechanical properties, along with the resistance levels, of commonly used wood-based panels, including oriented strand board, structural particleboard, and particleboard for use in interior, were compared. The structural particleboard complied with the physical, mechanical, and formaldehyde emission standards of the International Organization for Standardization and Japanese Industrial Standard, surpassing the requirements for oriented strand board. The structural particleboard exhibited excellent water resistance and a consistent performance. Decay tests classified the particleboard and structural particleboard as “Resistant,” with mass losses of 7.82 to 12.72% (white rot) and 14.69 to 16.55% (brown rot). Pine (Pinus densiflora) and oriented strand board exhibited no decay resistance, with mass losses exceeding 45%. The particleboard and structural particleboard demonstrated superior termite resistance, resulting in 100% termite mortality in three days without chemical treatment. The structural particleboard exhibited excellent water, decay, and termite resistance, which can be an advantage in wooden-house construction in terms of maintenance.

Preparation a novel high performance glucose-based wood adhesive with hyperbranched cross-linked network by air oxidation

Utilizing biomass resources to develop environmentally friendly and sustainable adhesives, replacing traditional petroleum-based adhesives, has become an effective way to solve resource shortages and environmental pollution. Glucose, as the most widely distributed reducing monosaccharide in nature, has great potential to replace aldehyde-based adhesives in the production of artificial boards. In this study, G-PEI adhesive was prepared from glucose and PEI by one pot one-step method on the basis of air oxidation and Maillard reaction. The crosslinking mechanism between glucose and PEI was confirmed through detailed Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR), 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. The results showed that the improvement of G-PEI adhesive bonding properties was attributed to the formation of cross-linking network and the synergistic effect of covalent bond and hydrogen bond. As a biomass adhesive prepared without additional oxidant, the maximum wet strength in boiling water of wood-based panels prepared with G-PEI adhesive reaches 1.55 Mpa under the hot pressure condition of 200 °C. Even if the hot-pressing temperature drops to 160 °C, the wet shear strength in boiling water can still reach 0.67 MPa, which is better than relevant reports. This study revealed a method for the simple preparation of high performance wood adhesives by oxidizing glucose through air.

The characterizations of nanofluid type urea formaldehyde resins

For reducing the emission of formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde (UF) resin adhesives used in the wood-based panel industry are mainly synthesized by adding urea in stages to reduce the molar ratio of formaldehyde and urea. Although the lower molar ratio UF resin has lower formaldehyde emissions, it also has the defects of longer curing time and lower bonding strength when being used in wood-based panel products. In this study, nanofluid type UF resins adhesives were prepared by dispersing SiO2 and TiO2 nanoparticles with six concentrations levels, 0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1% into UF resins with 1.0 and 1.3 M ratio by the assistance of ultrasound, respectively. It was found that the excellent thermal conductivity of the nanofluid type adhesives could eliminate the defects of the low molar ratio UF resins. When nano-SiO2 and nano-TiO2 were incorporated, the viscosity increased as the nanoparticles concentration increased, the maximum viscosity increased by 11.7% (1.0UF) and 15.0% (1.3UF) with nano-SiO2, the free formaldehyde content, curing time, and pot life of UF resins declined in varying degrees with nanoparticles loading level increased, the maximum amount of free formaldehyde content reduced by 41.2% (1.0UF) and 43.9% (1.3UF) with nano-TiO2, the maximum reduction of curing time was 25.80% (1.0UF) and 42.6% (1.3UF) with nano-TiO2, the pot life maximum decreased by 39.7% (1.0UF) and 43.0% (1.3UF) with nano-SiO2. Nanofluid type UF resins had much higher bonding strength with lower formaldehyde emission than pristine UF resins after being treated with same hot-pressing in plywood manufacture. The maximum of bonding strength increased by 28.1% (1.0UF) and 28.8% (1.3UF) with nano-SiO2, and the maximum amount of formaldehyde emissions reduced by 48.7% (1.0UF) with nano-SiO2 and 41.9% (1.3UF) with nano-TiO2. Meanwhile, the results showed that nanofluid type UF resin used in plywood manufacture exhibited the ability to decrease the hot-pressing temperature or shorten the hot-pressing time.

Exploring Fully Biobased Adhesives: Sustainable Kraft Lignin and 5-HMF Adhesive for Particleboards.

Most adhesives used in the wood-based panel (WBP) industry are petroleum-based and are associated with environmental impact and price fluctuations. Furthermore, most have potential adverse health impacts, such as formaldehyde emissions. This has led to interest from the WBP industry in developing adhesives with bio-based and/or non-hazardous components. This research focuses on the replacement of phenol-formaldehyde resins by Kraft lignin for phenol substitution and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) for formaldehyde substitution. Resin development and optimization was carried out regarding varying parameters such as molar ratio, temperature or pH. The adhesive properties were analyzed using a rheometer, gel timer and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The bonding performances were evaluated using an Automated Bonding Evaluation System (ABES). Particleboards were produced using a hot press, and their internal bond strength (IB) was evaluated according to SN EN 319. Hardening of the adhesive could be achieved at low temperatures by increasing or decreasing the pH. The most promising results were obtained at pH 13.7. The adhesive performances were improved by adding filler and extender (up to 28.6% based on dry resin) and several boards were produced reaching P1 requirements. A particleboard achieved a mean IB of 0.29 N/mm2, almost reaching almost P2 requirements. However, adhesive reactivity and strength must be improved for industrial use.

Wood veneer strips as reinforcement for cement-bonded particleboards

ABSTRACT High resistance against moisture, fire, and biodegradation is typical for cement-bonded particleboards (CBPB). However, the mechanical properties of these materials are rather low compared to other wood-based panels, despite the high density. This study deals with a new approach to increase the bending properties of CBPB with a novel reinforcement produced from veneers. Veneer strips were produced from Norway spruce and beech, each in veneer thicknesses of 1.4 and 2.4 mm. These veneer strips were placed near the surface of the CBPB during mat forming without any pre-treatment. Bending properties of the reinforced CBPB were tested after 24 h (only spruce) and 28 days (spruce and beech) of curing. Both the modulus of rupture (MOR) and elasticity (MOE) were significantly increased after 24 h due to the reinforcement as compared to the non-reinforced reference. By increasing thickness and content of the veneer strips the effect was enhanced. However, for spruce, after 28 days no significant differences between the reinforced and the reference CBPB were detectable anymore. Beech veneer strips even led to a pronounced decrease of the MOR. Instrumented analyses revealed that the reason for this missing reinforcement effect has primarily been an inhibition of cement hydration due to the alkali-activated degradation products from the veneer strips.

Effect of Photoinitiator Concentration and Film Thickness on the Properties of UV-Curable Self-Matting Coating for Wood-Based Panels

Matte coatings have found wide-ranging applications across diverse industries. In this study, self-matting films with surface wrinkles were produced by exposing UV-curable polyurethane acrylate (UV-WPUA) resin to 172 nm Xe2* excimer and medium-pressure mercury lamps. The gloss values, micromorphologies, water contact angles (WCAs), roughness values, and friction behaviors of UV-WPUA films with different photoinitiator (PI) concentrations and thickness were investigated for the first time. The results indicate that the gloss values of the films at the same thickness enhance with the increase of PI concentration, while the amplitude of wrinkles, roughness, and WCAs decrease; however, the friction coefficient shows insignificant variations. While the PI concentration is unchanged, an increase in film thickness results in a decrease in gloss value and an increase in roughness and friction coefficient. Nevertheless, the WCA is relatively constant. The PI concentration of 0.5 wt% (lowest gloss value of cured film) was utilized to prepare the UV-WPUA wood coating. The cured coating film exhibited low gloss (4.9 GU at 60° and 5.2 GU at 85°) and outstanding mechanical properties, including 3H pencil hardness, grade 0 adhesion, excellent wear resistance, and tensile property. These findings can be utilized to guide the development of self-matting wood coatings and the production of wood-based panels used in industrial finishing.

Bioinspired water-retaining and strong soybean flour-based adhesive for efficient preparation of plywood

The development of a water-retaining and high-bond-strength soybean flour (SF) adhesive is important to improve the efficient and clean preparation of plywood, promoting the substitution of aldehyde resin adhesives in the wood-based panel industry. Soybean protein isolate (SPI) was enriched on boron nitride (BN) to form protein-functionalized BN nanosheets (BS) with dense hydrogen bonds. Drawing inspiration from the strength and toughness of muscles, bionic structures based on BS and SF were designed to enhance adhesive bonding strength and toughness. A water-retaining agent epoxy hyperbranched polyester (EHP) was also synthesized to improve water retention and further enhance the bond strength of adhesives. Results show that the prepared adhesive with BS and EHP exhibits better initial viscosity and coating performance compared with unmodified SF adhesives. The prepressing intensity and wet shear strength of the prepared plywood increased by 227% and 400% to 0.72 and 1.05 MPa. In addition, EHP significantly improved the water retention of the adhesive from 0.5 h to 2 h. After 2 h, the wet shear strength decreased by 30.5% to 0.73 MPa, still meeting the interior use plywood requirement. Notably, this study provides a simple technique of water spraying to recover the dried adhesive layer, and the wet shear strength increased from 0.73 MPa to 0.87 MPa. This preparation strategy of biomass adhesive with water retention and low environmental load bear guiding significance for the efficient and clean production of the wood-based panel.

The Influence of Climatic Aging on the Performance of Wood-Based Panels

The purpose of this work is to experimentally determine the climatic effects on the performance of wood-based panels using the methodology developed on the basis of the thermo-fluctuation concept of material aging. This methodology makes it possible to determine the durability of the material by taking into account the simultaneous action of temperature, time, and mechanical stress, as well as additional external influences. The experiments were conducted on particleboard, fiberboard, and plywood. The following climatic effects were studied experimentally in specialized laboratory facilities: high humidity, thermal aging, and UV-irradiation. As the evaluation indicators of the performance characteristics of wood boards were selected, water absorption, swelling rate, thermal expansion, penetration strength, and bending strength. From a theoretical point of view, the value of this work lies in demonstrating a methodology for determining the performance characteristics of particleboard, fiberboard, and plywood, which is highly accurate by considering these characteristics together rather than separately. From a practical point of view, this paper contains experimental results that allow us to judge the characteristics of the wood boards. It has been proven that exposure to UV rays and heat aging causes the binder between the filler particles to break down, and moisture is detrimental to the filler. The thermo-fluctuational constants obtained in the course of the study make it possible to predict the durability of the materials in question over a large range of operating parameters. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-06-015 Full Text: PDF

Capability of producing lignin-based phenol formaldehyde adhesive for oil palm mesocarp fiber particleboard production with lignin extracted from industrial waste liquor from the kraft pulping process

Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin is one of the most important adhesives used in the production of wood-based panels. However, the health effects associated with chronic exposure of workers to phenol and formaldehyde during the process are unavoidable. As a result, replacing phenol with green and safe material, like lignin, is a potential alternative due to its similar structure to phenol. This study aims to investigate the substitution of phenol with lignin precipitated from black liquor (BL) by preparing lignin-based phenol formaldehyde (LPF) adhesive at various ratios and various types of lignin precipitated from black liquor by using an inorganic acid (sulfuric, LPFS) and organic acid (acetic (LPFA), citric (LPFC) and formic acid (LPFF)). The synthetic LPF was used to fabricate particleboards from oil palm mesocarp fiber and tested for mechanical properties in accordance with ASTM D790, plus the thickness swelling from EN317. It was found that the particleboards that bonded with LPFC40 and exhibited the highest MOR and MOE of 6.41 MPa and 555.67 MPa respectively. Therefore, lignin-based phenol formaldehyde replaced by citric acid, has potential in phenol replacement and increase the mechanical properties of the particleboard, as well as being more environmentally friendly.

A sustainable tannin-citric acid wood adhesive with favorable bonding properties and water resistance

Wood-based panels have been widely used in our daily life, whose performances are mainly determined by wood adhesive. However, the commonly-used formaldehyde-based adhesives nearly confront the challenge of formaldehyde release. In this paper, a novel bio-based adhesive tannin-citric acid (TCA) adhesive was prepared from tannin (TA) and citric acid (CA). The preparation parameters, such as mass ratios of CA/TA, hot-pressing temperatures, and hot-pressing time, for synthesizing the TCA adhesives and preparing the plywood were optimized. When the mass ratio of CA/TA was 0.6/1, the hot-pressing temperature was 200 °C, and the hot-pressing time was 4 min, the plywood bonded by TCA adhesive showed favorable performances with dry strength, cold water (20 °C) strength, and hot water (63 °C) strength of 1.27 MPa, 1.25 MPa, and 1.40 MPa, respectively. These properties are satisfied with the Chinese National Standard (GB/T 17657–2013). For its sustainability and feasibility, the prepared TCA adhesive shows great potential for preparing high-performance wood-based panels in industry.

Preparation and Properties of Medium-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Vanillin Crosslinked Chitosan.

An eco-friendly medium-density fiberboard (MDF) was prepared using vanillin (V) crosslinked chitosan (CS) adhesive through a hot-pressing process. The cross-linking mechanism and the effect of different proportions of added chitosan/vanillin on the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of MDF were investigated. The results showed that vanillin and chitosan are crosslinked to form a three-dimensional network structure due to the Schiff base reaction between the aldehyde group of vanillin and the amino group of chitosan. At the same time, when the mass ratio between vanillin/chitosan was 2:1, MDF obtained the best mechanical properties, the maximum modulus of rupture (MOR) of 20.64 MPa, the mean modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 3005 MPa, the mean internal bonding (IB) of 0.86 MPa, and the mean thickness swelling (TS) of 14.7%. Therefore, the MDF bonded with V-crosslinked CS can be a promising candidate for environmentally-friendly wood-based panels.