Wonderful Property Research Articles

Measurement and Analysis of Mechanical Properties of All-Solid-State Electrodes Fabricated By Dry Process with Saicas

Due to battery fire accidents while driving and charging an electric vehicle, research on improving battery safety as well as increasing the energy density has been extensively performed. For this purpose, an all-solid-state battery without the flammable liquid electrolyte is being more actively conducted. Among various solid electrolyte types, the sulfide-based solid electrolyte has been investigated as the most promising candidate owing to its high ionic conductivity and ductility. However, since sulfide solid electrolyte is too reactive to organic solvents like N-methyl pyrrolidone, a few nonpolar solvents (xylene or toluene) can be used to fabricate sulfide solid electrolyte. Thus, except for rubber binders such as nitrile butadiene rubber, other conventional adhesive binders are excluded from candidates. So, to solve this limitation fundamentally, a dry process without any solvents must be an attractive method for using the sulfide electrolyte in battery manufacturing process. For example, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is frequently used for fabricating all-solid-state electrode (ASSE) with sulfide electrolytes due to its wonderful fibrilization property. However, comparing to the wet process, it is more challenging to distribute all the electrode components uniformly in the dry process, where all the components are mixed through kneading the electrode dough. That is, to maximize the electrochemical performances of ASSEs, it is essential to evaluate the mechanical properties of ASSEs fabricated from dry process and to quantify them for optimization. However, most of research on ASSEs have been focused on their electrochemical performances up to now.Thus, in this work, we attempted to measure the mechanical properties of ASSEs with sulfide electrolyte using a surface and interfacial cutting analysis system (SAICAS). The ASSEs were fabricated through dry process while changing the PTFE binder content. Subsequently, both bulk and interfacial adhesive strengths were analyzed systematically and deliberately by a few μm resolution. Furthermore, to unveil the surface, bulk, and interfacial electrical properties are also measured using an electrode resistance measuring instrument (HIOKI RM2610). Thus, we can provide a correlation between binder content and mechanical/electrical properties of dry ASSEs. Finally, comparative results based on wet processed ASSEs will also be included in this work.

Preparation of Transparent Sandwich-like Superhydrophobic Coating on Glass with High Stability and Self-Cleaning Properties

High stability and transparent superhydrophobic coating on a glass substrate that can effectively repel the wetting dust as a self-cleaning property are beneficial traits for solving the decrease in optical lens clarity in an unmanned underground mining environment. However, the transparent superhydrophobic coating has still not been applied due to the contradiction between visibility, hydrophobicity and durability. Herein, a sandwich-like superhydrophobic coating was designed and prepared on borosilicate glass, which consisted of a micro/nanostructure body of neutral silicone sealant (primer) and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (interlayer), as well as a protective layer of ultraviolet (UV) gel. The coated glass exhibited excellent superhydrophobicity towards many aqueous solutions, and had highly visible light transparency of 80% at 4 wt.% primer mass content. Furthermore, significant tests including the droplet impact, hot water boiling, stirring in acetic acid aqueous solution and sandpaper abrasion were performed on our superhydrophobic coating, which indicated that the obtained transparent coating had good stability and excellent mechanical durability. The coated glass also showed a more wonderful self-cleaning property compared with that of the original glass. This superhydrophobic coating on glass substrate, fabricated by a facile and cost-effective layer-by-layer construction approach, has great potential for general and practical application in the unmanned mining environment under multiple dust and atomized water conditions.

Voltammetric Determination of 5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in Processed Cheese Using an Easy-Made and Economic Integrated 3D Graphene-like Electrode.

The concentration of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) is an important quality-related index in milk and milk products. Fast, cost-effective and environmentally friendly determination of HMF is of great significance in milk products control. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-like surface (3DGrls) was successfully prepared within 5 min by an electrochemical amperometric pretreatment on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The fast-obtained 3D graphene-like surface increased the electrode surface area and enhanced the electron transfer capability without the addition of any harmful chemicals. The morphology and chemical composition of the obtained electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results found that the electrochemical response to HMF at the prepared 3DGrls/PGE was 34 times higher than that at PGE. The modified electrode showed a good linear response to HMF in a concentration range of 0.35~116 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.099 μM. The integrated electrode also exhibited excellent stability and wonderful antifouling property. Furthermore, the 3DGrls/PGE was successfully applied for the determination of HMF in three processed cheese samples with satisfactory results.

Efficient removal of uranium (VI) by nano-manganese oxide materials: A synthetic experimental and mechanism studies

• Three manganese oxide materials with recyclability was prepared. • The MnO-600 presented wonderful adsorption property for U(VI). • The adsorption capacity of U(VI) on the MnO-600 was 635.4 mg/g. • The removal efficiency remained above 90% after five cycles. Three kinds of nano-manganese oxide materials were prepared at different temperature (500, 600 and 700 °C) using chitosan as the template agent. The results showed that there was no sintering and agglomeration in the calcination of nano-manganese oxide at 600 °C, while the manganese oxide material calcined at 700 °C showed pore collapse and agglomeration and the template agent was incompletely removed in the manganese oxide material calcined at 500 °C. The adsorption properties of uranium (VI) on the three manganese oxide materials were investigated. The experimental results showed that the adsorption behavior conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, revealing that the adsorption behavior of uranium (VI) on manganese oxide materials was a uniform and monolayer chemical adsorption process. The adsorption capacity of MnO-600 was 635.4 mg/g and the adsorption efficiency was above 90% after five cycles. In conclusion, the novel manganese oxide materials would have a prospect for application in wastewater treatment.

3D network super-hydrophobic hexafluorbisphenol A poly(aryl ether ketone) membrane prepared by one-step electrospraying

Novel super-hydrophobic poly(aryl ether ketone) (PAEK) membranes have been firstly prepared by modifying ordinary PAEK into hexafluorbisphenol A-PAEK through traditional nucleophilic condensation polymerization and subsequently simple electrospraying technique. With the solution concentration increased, the micromorphology exhibited nanofibers, nanofiber with spindles, 3D network with microspheres embedded, microspheres and dense films, successively. The static water contact angle increased from 99° to 155°, while the sliding angle from 1.3° to 6.8° (±1°), in which the 3D network presented the strongest super-hydrophobicity. After 200 h of water flushing, the rough surface structure and super-hydrophobicity of the membranes were well retained. Moreover, the membrane exhibited wonderful self-cleaning property, oil/water separation property, and stability due to the hierarchical micro/nanostructures. This work provides a new route for the creation of super-hydrophobic high performance engineering plastic fabrics with the potential values in large-scale application of filtration, oil/water separation, and antifouling.

Processing and modification of hydrogel and its application in emerging contaminant adsorption and in catalyst immobilization: a review.

Due to the wonderful property of hydrogels, they can provide a platform for a wide range of applications. Recently, there is a growing research interest in the development of potential hydrogel adsorbents in wastewater treatment due to their adsorption ability toward aqueous pollutants. It is important to prepare such a hydrogel that possesses appropriate robustness, adsorption capacity, and adsorption efficiency to meet the need of water treatment. In order to improve the property of hydrogels, much effort has been made by researchers to modify hydrogels, among which incorporating inorganic components into the polymeric networks is the most common method, which can reduce the product cost and simplify the preparation procedure. Not only can hydrogel be applied as adsorbent, but it also can be used as matrix for catalyst immobilization. In this review, the key advancement on the preparation and modification of hydrogels is discussed, with special emphasis on the introduction of inorganic materials into polymeric networks and consequential changes in the properties of mechanical strength, swelling, and adsorption. Besides, hydrogels used as adsorbents for removal of dyes and inorganic pollutants have been widely explored, but their use for adsorbing emerging contaminants from aqueous solution has not received much attention. Thus, this review is mainly focused on hydrogels' application in removing emerging contaminants by adsorption. Furthermore, hydrogels can be also applied in immobilizing catalysts, such as enzyme and photocatalyst, to remove pollutants completely and avoid secondary pollution, so their progress as catalyst matrix is overviewed.

Synthesis of NiCo2O4@MnO2 Core–Shell Arrays for High Performance Energy Storage

Smooth NiCo2O4 nanowire@MnO2 nanosheet structure arrays grown on the surface of Ni foam base is synthesized via a simple two-step hydrothermal method. As-synthetic NiCo2O4@MnO2 electrode material shows higher performance of electrochemistry than single-phase NiCo2O4 and MnO2, which presents area capacitance of 877.4 C cm–2 at a current density 1 mA cm–2. This wonderful property could be associated with special core–shell structure, which possesses opening appearance with large active surface area and fabulous approaches of the electrolyte immersion and ion transmission. Further, the as-assembling device with a working voltage window of 1.5 V shows a highest energy density value of 0.64 Wh cm–3 and a highest power density value of 7.47 W cm–3. The device displays long-cycle stability with 75% increased of initial capacity after 8000 cycles. Providing a material used for the new-generation device for energy storing and high power and energy density with long life.

In situ formed LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2@LiF composite cathode material with high rate capability and long cycling stability for lithium-ion batteries

The electrolyte erosion on the surface of active electrode material is recognized as a critical factor affecting the electrochemical performance of LiNixCoyMn1 − x − yO2 cathode materials. In this study, a LiF-modified LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (LNMC811) cathode material was successfully constructed via wet chemical method by heating treatment. Electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies prove that a LiF coating layer (approximately 10 nm) is tightly wrapped on the LNMC811 surface. Consequently, the LiF-modified LNMC811 shows amazing rate capability and wonderful cycling retention, presenting 90% and 75% of the initial discharge capacity at 1 C and 2 C after 100 cycles, respectively, in contrast with 52% capacity retention for bare LNMC811. The wonderful electrochemical property of LNMC811@LiF is caused by the incorporation of the LiF layer which helps to inhibit the deleterious side reactions between the electrolyte and active materials.

Methylene blue sensitized photoelectrochemical biosensor with 3,4,9,10-Perylene tetracarboxylic acid film as photoelectric material for highly sensitive Pb2+ detection

It is of great significance to explore reliable and sensitive methods for the trace detection of lead ions (Pb2+), which may cause serious adverse effect to human health. Herein, we proposed a methylene blue (MB) sensitized signal-on photoelectrochemical (PEC) biosensor with 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) film as photoelectric material for highly sensitive Pb2+ detection. First, PTCA was modified on the electrode surface, manifesting wonderful film-forming property and acquiring a satisfactory initial PEC signal. Afterward, Pb2+-dependent DNAzyme modified on electrode was cleaved by target Pb2+, followed by hybridizing MB assembled 3D DNA networks with the exposed Pb2+ catalytic strand. Significantly, in the presence of sensitizer MB, the PEC signal of PTCA was extraordinarily increased and the designed biosensor performed a high sensitivity with a detection limit down to 0.03 pM. Therefore, with enzyme-free assembly of MB embedded 3D DNA networks, this dye-sensitized strategy exhibited effective and uncomplicated amplification technology for Pb2+ detection.

Light triggered interfacial damage self-healing of poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) fiber composites

The interfacial microcracks in the resin matrix composites are difficult to be detected and repaired. However, the self-healing concept provides opportunities to fabricate composites with unusual properties. In the present study, photothermal conversion Ag–Cu2S nanoparticles were immobilized onto poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers via a polydopamine chemistry. Benefitting from the photothermal effects of Ag–Cu2S, the obtained PBO fibers (Ag–Cu2S–PBO) efficiently converted the light energy into heat under Xenon lamp irradiation. Then, single PBO fiber composites were prepared using thermoplastic polyurethane as the matrix. It was found that the interfacial damage caused by single fiber pull-out was simply self-healed by Xe light irradiation. This wonderful interfacial damage self-healing property was mainly attributed to the in situ heating generation via photothermal effects of Ag–Cu2S in the composite interface. This paper reports a novel strategy to construct advanced composites with light-triggered self-healing properties, which will provide inspiration for preparing high performance composite materials.

A facile method of hydrophobic surface modification for acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate terpolymer based on the out-migration property of metallic soaps

Hydrophobic surface modification is conducted in this study by using additives with long alkyl chains. Several kinds of metallic soaps, such as calcium stearate (CaSt), zinc stearate (ZnSt), magnesium stearate (MgSt) and barium stearate (BaSt) were employed. Polymer matrix is acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylate (ASA) terpolymer due to its wonderful weather resistance property. The surface chemical characterization was studied by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) technology and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Carboxylate (OCO–) indexes of composites in both transmittance and reflection modes were calculated according to FTIR results. As to the ratio of carboxylate index in reflection mode to that in transmittance mode, the sample added with 5 wt% ZnSt shows a higher value of 8.77, and a much higher value of 14.47 for the sample added with 10 wt% ZnSt. The corresponding CC/ CH /CC peak areas of the samples added with 5 wt% or 10 wt% ZnSt are 75.4% and 77.3% respectively, much higher than other samples. This indicates ZnSt is much easier to out-migrate to material surface and therefore is more suitable for hydrophobic surface modification. In particular, the water contact angle of the ASA/ZnSt composite added with 10 wt% ZnSt significantly increased to 127o (40o increase in comparison with pure ASA), successfully converting the surface wettability from hydrophilic to hydrophobic.

Facile preparation of molybdenum (VI) oxide – Modified graphene oxide nanocomposite for specific enrichment of phosphopeptides

To promote the development of phosphoproteome analysis in highly selective efficient tracing phosphorylated proteins or peptides, views of researches should not confined with intrinsic materials and their modification. New materials are supposed to be explored for phosphoproteome analysis. In this work, we first introduced Molybdenum (VI) oxide (MoO3) into phosphoproteome, loading on the graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets forming MoO3/GO nanocomposites by a simple two-step strategy. The GO nanosheets offered MoO3 a perfect stable platform for separation and concentration and MoO3 exhibited wonderful property in enriching phosphopeptides with highly selectivity and sensitivity on GO nanosheets. Specifically, the as-synthesized MoO3/GO nanocomposites exhibited excellent specificity (β-casein: BSA=1:1000), high detection sensitivity (1 fmol/mL) and well recovery (91.13%) in enriching phosphopeptides by metal oxide affinity chromatography (MOAC). Moreover, the as-synthesized MoO3/GO nanocomposites provided effective enrichment of phosphopeptides from nonfat milk (a total of twelve phosphopeptides signals) and human serum (a total of four endogenous phosphopeptides signals), displaying great biological compatibility, which demonstrated that the MoO3/GO nanocomposites is a promising candidate in selectively identifying and determining low-abundance phosphorylated peptides in biological sample.

A Wonderful Property and the Corresponding Demonstration about Magic Square of Odd Order

A new magic square matrix has been constructed based on reference [1]. The characters about magic square matrix of odd order are analyzed and the general expression is presented. A wonderful property of magic square matrix of odd order which has been proved is given in the end..

Preparation and Property of Bamboo Silk Fabric

In this paper, natural bamboo yarn and silkworm silk, bamboo pulp yarn and silkworm silk were twisted together to make bamboo silk yarn. And then they were weaved to bamboo silk fabric. The properties of bamboo silk fabrics were studied too. The results showed that bamboo pulp silk fabric was very soft, suitable to make underwear and shirt etc. Natural bamboo silk fabric was relative stiff, suitable to make outwear. All the bamboo silk fabric had wonderful anti statistic property; their cockle elasticity property was equal to silk; the whiteness, moisture regain and moisture permeability were very good. These showed the bamboo silk fabric not only had the properties of bamboo fibers, but also had the properties of pure silk fabric. Then they were suitable to be fabric of garments.

On Rigid Hirzebruch Genera

The classical multiplicative (Hirzebruch) genera of manifolds have the wonderful property which is called rigidity. Rigidity of a genus h means that if a compact connected Lie group G acts on a manifold X, then the equivariant genus h^G(X) is independent on G, i.e. h^G(X)=h(X). In this paper we are considering the rigidity problem for complex manifolds. In particular, we are proving that a genus is rigid if and only if it is a generalized Todd genus.

Making optical Fourier filtering work

During the work by many scientists over the last 50 years, we have solved many of the problems that seemed to be holding the field back: System layout, lenses specialized for this purpose, suitable detector arrays, SLMs for input and for filtering, designs for filters, online evolution of filters, and so forth. Yet it is hard to find this technology in use anywhere. Something is clearly wrong, and we know one major problem that has never been solved and, in fact, is seldom acknowledged in print: Only very simple problems are linearly discriminable, so they cannot be discriminated well by a linear discriminant. But, the wonderful property of correlating all parts of the input pattern in parallel is only possible by Fourier methods. We see no way whatever for overcoming the contradictory goals of space or time invariant operations and need of implementing the most powerful nonlinear discriminants (clearly this can only be done with nonlinear discriminants). Those two contradictory goals seem to condemn Fourier filtering (electronic or optical) to being interesting but not very helpful. As this is a paper on a new kind of pattern recognition and it is not limited to Fourier optics, it is important to provide some useful concepts in Pattern Recognition. Our discussion is simple and brief. It has no proofs but it does offer the reader some of the concepts that help in understanding the new aspects of the material presented here. This work will not propose or develop improvements on any of the configurations and components. This is a study of the way Fourier filtering can have it both ways. Prior analyses are still valid, but, at a higher level, we can have it both ways. This review is aimed at allowing both the space or time invariant filtering while implementing an extremely powerful linear discriminants. Aspects of this have been published but in a regrettably short form and with very little of the background on pattern recognition. Here, we begin with a brief introduction to pattern recognition as will be needed to make this review finite. After the way to achieve powerful target discrimination and target location is shown, I describe how to apply it to optical Fourier filtering for pattern recognition. Some situations seem more likely to use Optical Fourier pattern recognition than others. We explore some of those.

On Generalized Alternating Galileo Sequences

During the course of studying freely falling bodies, Galileo observed a wonderful property that is unique to the sequence of positive odd integers. In this paper, we present and explore a generalized variation of this classical result. We exhibit some properties of our variation and leave the reader with some open questions for possible further exploration.

An efficient tag-based routing algorithm for the backward network of a bidirectional general shuffle-exchange network in honor of Frank k. Hwang's 65th Birthday

This letter considers the problem of designing efficient routing algorithms for the backward network of a bidirectional general shuffle-exchange network (BNBGSEN for short); switch elements in the network are of size k/spl times/k. It has been shown in (Z. Chen, et al., 2003) that the algorithm in (K. Padmanabham, 1991) can be used to obtain (as many as k) backward control tags for a source j to get to a destination i in a BNBGSEN. In this letter, we show that a BNBGSEN has a wonderful property: for each destination i, there are two backward control tags associated with it such that every source j can get to i by using one of the two tags. We use this property to derive an efficient tag-based routing algorithm.

Dynamics of some single flux quantum devices: I. Parametric quantron

In this paper and the following one, the properties of two systems operating with single flux quanta are calculated. The first system is a quantron (a one-junction interferometer) with a Josephson gate as a junction. By a proper change of its critical current in time, the switching of quantron stable states can be controlled by a small external flux much less than Φ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> . This "Parametric Quantron" can be used as the basic cell of a Single Quantum Logic System. The most wonderful property of this device is that the energy dissipation during one logical step (PτT factor) can be much less than the thermal energy K <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> T and is limited by quantum effects only: Pτ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> \simg10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> h.

II. The magic mirror of Japan. Part I

The Japanese mirror must, from three points of view, attract the notice of foreigners sojourning in that country—its prominence in the temples, the important feature it forms in the limited furniture of a Japanese household, and the wonderful property (which has apparently