Abstract
The concentration of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) is an important quality-related index in milk and milk products. Fast, cost-effective and environmentally friendly determination of HMF is of great significance in milk products control. In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) graphene-like surface (3DGrls) was successfully prepared within 5 min by an electrochemical amperometric pretreatment on a pencil graphite electrode (PGE). The fast-obtained 3D graphene-like surface increased the electrode surface area and enhanced the electron transfer capability without the addition of any harmful chemicals. The morphology and chemical composition of the obtained electrode were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results found that the electrochemical response to HMF at the prepared 3DGrls/PGE was 34 times higher than that at PGE. The modified electrode showed a good linear response to HMF in a concentration range of 0.35~116 μM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.099 μM. The integrated electrode also exhibited excellent stability and wonderful antifouling property. Furthermore, the 3DGrls/PGE was successfully applied for the determination of HMF in three processed cheese samples with satisfactory results.
Highlights
State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Postdoctoral Workstation of Bright Dairy-Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dairy Research Institute, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, College of Chemistry and Life
We reported the successful determination of HMF in milk by a black phosphorene nanosheets (BP)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [30]
Lower concentration of OH− ions leads to less attacked edge sites and grain boundaries of graphite, which leads to less formation of interconnected 3D graphene-like surfaces
Summary
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) is a furan derivative, mainly used as a renewable material and a versatile platform molecule. We reported the successful determination of HMF in milk by a black phosphorene nanosheets (BP)-modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) [30]. This electrochemical method is simple and sensitive, the drop-casting preparation of BP on GCE leads to instability of the sensing signal. Due to its large surface area, good diffusion performance and high electric conductivities, 3D graphene synthesized from various strategies has attracted increasing attention in sensorrelated devices [37]. It has not been reported in HMF detection. The 3DGrls/PGE was successfully applied to the direct determination of HMF in processed cheese
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