Electrochemical detection of interaction between daunorubicin and DNA by hybrid nanoflowers modified graphite electrodes

Abstract

In this study, two types of hybrid nanoflowers (NFs) modified disposable electrodes were developed to investigate the electrochemical behavior of anticancer drug-DNA interaction. Biocompatible hybrid NFs were synthesized by amino acids (L-glutamic acid and l-cysteine) via a simple, rapid and cost-effective methods. Structural characterizations of the synthesized hybrid NFs were performed with Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), while morphological characterizations were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy diffuser X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy techniques. As the sensing platform in electrochemical studies, pencil graphite electrode (PGE) has been used because of its advantages such as low cost, easy-to-handle, portable and disposable. After PGEs modified with NFs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was used in the determination of calf thymus double stranded DNA (ctdsDNA) and also daunorubicin (DNR) as well as DNA-DNR interaction. The detection limits as a result of ctdsDNA determination were found to be 0.93 μg/mL by using l-cysteine NFs modified PGE (c-NFs-PGE) and 2.37 μg/mL by using l-glutamic acid modified PGE (ga-NFs-PGE). The detection limits obtained for the determination of DNR were found as 2.93 μM and 2.06 μM with c-NFs-PGE and ga-NFs-PGE, respectively. The optimum interaction time between DNR and ctdsDNA was determined by c-NFs-PGE, which showed higher sensitivity performance against oxidation of guanine signals.