Worth Of Women Research Articles

Portrayal of Woman in Mulk Raj Anand’s the old woman and the cow and Arundhati Roy’s "the Ministry of Utmost Happiness

The arrival of a woman is like the first light of dawn, dispelling the shadows. She has the power to dispel any anxiety that arises from mental shadows, like the sun that illuminates the world. Essentially, life begins with women. The fact that women are the ones who brought this universe into being is an undeniable fact. A strong belief in women's inherent worth as human beings is fundamental to feminism. It identifies shifts in cultural norms that repress women and works to alter those norms. Feminism examines and analyses the repressed position of women in a socio-political setting by pursuing such an effort. Equal rights and status for women are the goals of this movement. The Indian author Mulk Raj Anand also wrote short stories. The Indian social fabric is something that Arundhati Rao has a keen eye for. As a revolutionary spark for the litterateurs of the twenty-first century, he fights for the rights of the marginalised and oppressed. In his books, Anand depicts the impoverished people of India in a realistic light. This article uses Arundhati Rao's The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (2017) as a lens through which to examine Mulk Raj Anand's 1960 novel The Old Woman and the Cow via the feminist topic of gender inequalities. There is a noticeable trend in modern English-language literature towards works written by Indian women. From a societal and personal perspective, this study examines the achievements of Indian women.

The Cultural Elevation of Women in the Thought and Reception of Josefa Amar Y Borbón

Abstract The advent of the Enlightenment and the cultural shift from the France of the Bourbons resulted in significant changes for Spanish women. The changes in their ways of life turned Enlightenment women into subjects who were conscious of the new ideas and of their own capacities, which they asserted in various spaces. This study centres on Josefa Amar y Borbón, a highly educated woman and a pioneer in joining cultural societies, who created a body of work related to the education and worth of women. Based on the historical-educational method, we analyse its impact and reception in the Spanish press from the end of the 18th century to the first third of the 20th century. We point to Josefa Amar y Borbón’s qualities as a translator and to the vindication of her figure as a feminist in Spain, starting in the mid-19th century.

Re-Reading the Annunciation (Luke 1:26-38): Towards Comprehensive Sexuality Education

Abstract: Christianity should be a liberating and transformative resource in the defense of women's sexual and reproductive health and rights. Yet, Christianity's patriarchal grounding often invalidates the equal dignity and worth of women and girls. This paper seeks to re-read the annunciation story through the lens of African Women's theologies to unearth how scriptural texts and cultural values intersect to inhibit or affirm women's rights regarding sexual and reproductive health. The Church's focus on Mary's virginity as the rationale for perfect womanhood has resulted in control and shaming of women's sexuality. I ask, what needs to be done to ensure women's agency so that they feel empowered to reconfigure cultural and Christian values so that their sexual and reproductive health needs are attended to? What can be done to ensure that all genders have equal opportunities with regard to reproduction? The defense of women's sexual and reproductive health and rights is inherently an important ethical value within religion. It is thus hoped that the analysis will not only promote tolerance in accommodating various forms of sexualities and deconstructing patriarchal gender barriers to reproductive liberation and gender justice but also stir religious and cultural gatekeepers to partner with the other stakeholders in advocating for Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE).

Lavinia Fontana's Freedom

This essay searches for the meaning of the medal commemorating Bolognese painter Lavinia Fontana (1552–1614). While doing so, it rediscovers what has been regarded as an interesting but derivative object to be a most sophisticated artwork. Fontana's medal was not just an honour: it was a cultural intervention that addressed multiple cultural debates taking place across central Italy, from the nature of emblems to women's worth. While presenting some overlooked sources related to Fontana's medal and contemporary artistic production (a couple of treatises, a guidebook, and a thank you note), the essay introduces three new exemplars of the coin. This new evidence prompts a reconsideration of the circulation of Fontana's medal and the identity of its designer, a question that has so far escaped attention.

A women's worth: exploring ethnic minority female entrepreneurs' experiences in Sri Lanka

Women, particularly minority women, remain underrepresented in entrepreneurial activities and continue establishing ventures in low-growth sectors. This qualitative research explores ethnic minority female entrepreneurs' experiences by focusing on why women might choose entrepreneurship as a career choice and their constraints. The study adopts a social constructionist approach, specifically narrative design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with ten minority female entrepreneurs who founded ventures in Sri Lanka. Thematic analysis was used, and the transcripts were reviewed and explored, codes created, emerging themes identified, and interpretation with explanation building undertaken. Findings revealed that perception of ethnic discrimination discourages some ethnic minority businesses from applying for bank loans. As a result, female entrepreneurs perceive higher financial barriers to their business. Moreover, the results highlight the importance of transnational family networks within all aspects of the business and suggest that these links can sometimes provide a fertile source of new business ideas and limit innovation and decisions shaped by cultural norms. The findings can support facilitating and promoting entrepreneurship among ethnic minority female entrepreneurs. It could be valuable to further our understanding of the role of ethnic minority females and their experiences of combining entrepreneurship and business.  JEL Clasification: C35, L26, L31.

The Impact of Psychological Factors on Women Entrepreneurial Inclination: Mediating Role of Self-Leadership.

The worth of women’s entrepreneurship is accepted globally, but there is less focus on it in developing countries, and societal expectations mean women often lack the confidence to start their own business. The core purpose of this research is to investigate the influence of personality traits on women’s inclination toward entrepreneurship. The personality traits are measured through the dimensions of openness, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and agreeableness. Further, the study introduced the mediator of self-leadership on personality traits and entrepreneurial intentions of women. The study is quantitative in nature and used a questionnaire survey to collect the data by convenience sampling technique. The data was collected in the context of Pakistan, and Smart PLS was chosen for further analysis. The findings revealed the significance of the relationship between personality traits and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the study also highlighted the significance of self-leadership as a mediator and proposed significant relationships. The study suggested that personality issues should be considered and used from a business perspective, and self-leadership is important for women. The study provides room for policymakers and institutes to inform educational policies to motivate women entrepreneurs for the future.

After a Post-Heterosexual Mormon Theology: A Ten-Year Retrospective

After a Post-Heterosexual Mormon Theology: A Ten-Year Retrospective

A Woman's Worth & Fish and Grits

A woman's worth: Water brought us all into life. Water took our ancestors all over the globe. Water also became a large divide between home and a new world. Till this day, we are trying to Cnd our way back. A woman's worth has several messages, one that speaks to a longing for reconnection after being torn away from all she knows and loves. Fish & Grits: Fish and grits is an artistic depiction of hoodoo life and how food and water play intricate roles. Water is a life force that sustains us physically and spiritually. We are born in it, we need it everyday, and it washes us clean of stress, pain, and fault. Fish and grits is a reminder of this culture and how we are so deeply connected.

The Superiority of Women in the Seventeenth Century

AbstractEarly feminist or pro-woman works often combine the claim that the rational souls of men and women are the same with an argument for the superiority of women. This article considers two such works, Lucrezia Marinella's The Nobility and Excellence of Women and the Defects and Vices of Men (Venice, 1601 [1999]) and Marguerite Buffet's In Praise of Illustrious Learned Women, both Ancient and Modern (Paris, 1668), in order to show the continuities and distinctive features of feminist arguments for superiority, to emphasize the differences in the conceptions of reason and physiology that distinguish them, and to demonstrate that claims of superiority persisted even as those defending women's worth began to adopt egalitarian positions.

Rousseau's theory of value and the case of women

AbstractIn Emile, Rousseau claims that the value of women ought to be determined by the opinion that men have of them. Women, contrary to commodities and men, escape what I call Rousseau's “dual theory of value.” According to the latter, the apparent value of commodities and men is determined by opinion and either unrelated or inverse to “real value,” which is assessed through objective criteria. The dual theory of value is the basis of Rousseau's critique of commercial society. However, women warrant an exception to this theory. As women's apparent worth is their real worth, women are the unique object in the world that ought to be subjected to the rule of opinion, which is the rule of commercial market that Rousseau so violently rejects. This article investigates why this is the case and locates three functions to the unique position of women in Rousseau's theory of value.

How Women Wrote about Themselves: A Corpus- informed Comparison of Women Writers’ Defences in Sixteenth- and Seventeenth-century England

Women’s written defences of their sex developed within the literary context of the querelle des femmes, a mainly male debate on female intellectual worth, which started in the Middle Ages and came to a peak during the Renaissance. This paper focuses on the discourse some women writers started to develop in sixteenth- and seventeenth- century England, when the growing number of misogynist attacks led some of them to respond in kind. The first works directly engaging the topics of the querelle are usually identified in Isabella Whitney’s poem The Copy of a Letter (1567) and Jane Anger’s Jane Anger Her Protection For Women (1589). These are coupled with three later pamphlets framed in the so-called Swetnam debate, from the name of the misogynist pamphleteer to whom these three women writers replied, namely A Muzell for Melastomus (1617) by Rachel Speght, Ester Hath Hang’d Haman (1617) by Ester Sowernam and The Worming of a Mad Dogge: or, A Soppe for Cerberus, a Redargution of the Bayter of Women (1617) by Constantia Munda. The qualitative reading of the texts reveals differences among them both in content and structure, which is supported by a corpus-informed quantitative comparison between the earlier and the later texts. The quantitative analysis also shows differences in the use of specific high and low frequency querelle-related lemmas, which signal a variation in the semantic fields related to the discourse on women. Such a mixed research method approach suggests that these variations could not be entirely ascribed to those literary works which had established the formal guidelines of the genre of the controversy, The Praise of Folly (1509) by Erasmus of Rotterdam and De nobilitate et praecellentia foeminei sexus (1529) by Heinrich Cornelius Agrippa von Nettesheim. To understand where these differences may come from, the English querelle texts are quantitatively compared with a small corpus of Italian defences of women, including Il merito delle donne (The Worth of Women, 1600) by Moderata Fonte and La nobilità, et l’eccellenza delle donne, co’diffetti, et mancamenti, de gli huomini (The Nobility and Excellence of Women and the Defects and Vices of Men, 1600; 1621) by Lucrezia Marinella. This quantitative analysis shows that English and Italian women writers appear to share some structural and content-related characteristics which cannot be found in either Erasmus’ or Agrippa’s works or contemporary English writers dealing with the querelle. The hypothesis is thus advanced that there may have been literary contacts between England and Italy that indirectly influenced the development of the discourse on women within the context of the querelle des femmes.

Tertullian’s Views on Women

Tertullian was a brilliant author and defender of the faith in Roman North Africa during the early third century, but his views on women have not been equally well-received and often are dismissed entirely on the basis of a few statements. These statements, frequently taken out of context, have led many scholars to label him as the first Christian misogynist. However, Tertullian’s views on women are far more nuanced than he is given credit for by most interpreters. Rather than hating women and demeaning them as individuals, Tertullian instead viewed them through a particular lens of his cultural context. This context does not excuse Tertullian entirely, but a charitable reading of his overall approach that examines Tertullian’s comments concerning the inherent worth of women, beauty, and marriage reveals that Tertullian actually honored women who lived their lives fully dedicated to the Lord.

South African Presbyterian women in leadership in ministry (1973–2018)

The issue of women in the ministry has been a vexed one historically. In many denominations, the ordination of women has been represented by some form of struggle, which culminated in the first ordinations of women during the second half of the 20th century. This article investigates the process towards the ordination of women in two Southern African Presbyterian denominations – the Bantu Presbyterian Church of South Africa (renamed the ‘Reformed Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa’ in 1979) and the Presbyterian Church of South Africa (renamed the ‘Presbyterian Church of Southern Africa’ in 1958), prior to their union in 1999 to form the Uniting Presbyterian Church in Southern Africa. This article focusses on women in leadership in ministry, not exclusively on women ordained to the ministry of ruling or teaching elder (minister). It begins with an historical overview and proceeds to an investigation of developments in the two relevant denominations. The terms ‘leadership’ and ‘ministry’ are used separately and together and are considered to be synonymous. The article uses primary sources from the records of both denominations considered and suggests that the process was gradual and progressive as the worth of women in leadership was recognised following the general acceptance of the biblical and theological arguments.

Patriarchal power as unjust: tyranny in seventeenth-century Venice

ABSTRACTIn the debate about the worth of women in sixteenth and seventeenth century Italy three pro-woman authors of the period, Moderata Fonte, Lucrezia Marinella, and Arcangela Tarabotti, developed analyses of male power, particularly as embodied in husbands and fathers. I argue that these analyses identify the wrong of patriarchal power by construing it as a kind of tyrannical rule, in which the tyrant acts in his own interest and fails to recognize the equality (or superiority) of those over whom he rules. Fonte, Marinella and Tarabotti offer similar accounts of the motives and practices of tyrannical men, but differ in their arguments for the moral equality of the sexes – Fonte and Tarabotti base that claim on natural liberty and freedom of the will, whereas Marinella focuses on the intellectual and moral superiority of women grounded in physiology. Two conclusions follow from their arguments: (i) that the rule of men over women is illegitimate and unjust and (ii) that women are better suited than men to legitimate political rule. Although these works have not often been treated as philosophical, their analyses of male tyranny constitute contributions to feminist political philosophy.

Amitav GhoshGun Island

peasant girl who becomes an inspiring soldier), Aster (a woman of noble birth who knows the worth of women), and Fifi (the woman who consorts with Italian officers to learn their strategies). The women want to do more than bear children and be comforts to soldiers; they desire to fight side- by-side with the men. In other words, they want to be more than what the world expects of them. By turns, the brutality and savagery of the war is exposed. The aggression of men is interrogated, and the hope rendered by a shadow king (while the Emperor Haile Selassie is in exile in England) permeates the action of an army that is deemed no match for the Italians. Of equal note is the portrait of the male characters fully drawn and complicated by their motivations: Ettore (the Jewish photographer/solider), Kidane (the leader of the Ethiopian resistance), and Carlos Fucelli (the merciless leader of the Italian forces). This is an amazing novel. It employs elegantly simple prose, the power of metaphor , and marvelous insights into human behavior. Its historic undertones provide insights on Ethiopia today, and like many other contemporary African women writers , Mengiste performs art. Adele Newson-Horst Morgan State University Amitav Ghosh Gun Island New York. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. 2019. 320 pages. Amitav Ghosh’s latest novel, Gun Island, traces familiar crosscultural patterns evident in his earlier novels. There are journeys by land and water, diaspora and migration, experiences aboard ships, the world of animals and sea-creatures. Ghosh foregrounds environmental issues like climate change and the danger to fish from chemical waste dumped into rivers by factories, concerns that carry over from earlier books like The Hungry Tide and The Great Derangement. Gun Island describes the quest of Deen, a scholar and collector of rare books, who returns from New York, his city of domicile , to the Sunderbans in West Bengal to unravel the mystery and legend of a seventeenth -century merchant, Bonduki Sadagar , translated “The Gun Merchant,” and his persecution by Manasa Devi, mythical goddess of snakes. In a talk held in New Delhi after the release of the novel, Ghosh stated that the merchant “was a trope for trade.” The merchant and the goddess dramatize “the conflict between profit and the world.” In the novel, the goddess pursues the merchant to make him aware of other realities like the animal world: “Humans— driven, as was the Merchant, by the quest of profit—would recognize no restraint in relation to other living things.” We learn that the old Arabic name for Venice was al-Bunduqevya, which is also the name for guns. Deen concludes that the name Bonduki Sadagar did not perhaps mean the Gun Merchant but the Merchant who went to Venice. When Deen travels to Venice to research further on the Gun Merchant, he discovers that many Bangladeshis are being employed as illegal migrant labor. Their hazardous journey across the Middle East and Africa and the strong, even militant opposition to their presence in the city by Italian authorities form a major segment of the second part of the novel, contrasting with the Gun Merchant ’s past, prosperous journey to Venice. Women are a stronger presence and force in the novel than in Ghosh’s earlier fiction. Cinta is a scholar from Venice working on the role of Venice in the medieval spice trade from India. Piya Roy, the cetologist from The Hungry Tide, reappears in this novel and offers the aging, lonely Deen hope of a romantic partner. Nilima Bose runs the Badabon Trust, an effective charitable organization, and Lubna is a Bangladeshi immigrant working for the cause of illegal immigrants. In depicting a wide range of diverse characters from various countries and subtly invoking myth and history, fact and fiction, Ghosh has created a work that contrasts nostalgia for a lost past with concerns for the contemporaneous. Rita Joshi Lady Shri Ram College for Women, Delhi University Books in Review 98 WLT AUTUMN 2019 ...

(Re)Counting Rape In Alfred's Domboc And Early English Law

This article uses quantitative and linguistic methodologies to explore how sexual violations to the female body were understood and subsequently adjudicated in Anglo-Saxon England, using Alfred's domboc , or judgement book, as primary evidence. While the specificity with which Alfred considered rape from other forms of sexual misconduct has been noted before, the true severity of this crime during his reign, as well as the ways in which conventional systems of retribution were restructured in order to grant an equal level of protection to all classes of women, has never before been considered. By first quantifying the number of rape clauses, then analysing the shifting scales of retribution in relation to a woman's body worth, and finally assessing the lexical complexity of these clauses, this paper uses a new system of law-code analysis to argue that Alfred's treatment of rape was unique among Anglo-Saxon rulers. As these methodological approaches to the domboc demonstrate, these crimes merited a particularly harsh form of retribution in comparison to the sex-related laws of both his predecessors and successors.

Marinella and her interlocutors: hot blood, hot words, hot deeds

In the treatise called La nobilta et l’eccellenza delle donne co’ diffetti et mancamenti de gli uomini (The nobility and Excellence of women, and the Defects and Vices of Men) (1601) Lucrezia Marinella claims that women are superior to men. She argues that men are excessively hot, and that heat in a high degree is detrimental to the intellectual and moral capacities of a person. The aim of this paper is to set out Marinella’s views on temperature differences in the bodies of men and women and the effects of bodily constitution on the capacities necessary for political deliberation and rule. I situate Marinella’s argument in the context of an ongoing debate about physiological differences between the sexes, begun in antiquity and extending into the Renaissance. That debate is important for several reasons: (i) as part of a broader discussion of the nature and worth of women, (ii) as determining influential interpretations of ancient authorities on matters of physiology, and (iii) as anticipating later discussions of the relation between the sexed body and political roles. This paper considers Marinella in dialogue with a number of interlocutors, elements of whose work can be found in her own: Aristotle, Mario Equicola, Galeazzo Flavio Capra, Ludovico Domenichi and Torquato Tasso.

John Taylor and the Ghost of Long Meg of Westminster: Authorship and Poetic Authority in The Womens Sharpe Revenge

In The Womens Sharpe Revenge (1639), the pseudonymous authors Mary Tattle-well and Joane Hit-him-home resurrect a ghost from England’s folkloric past—the raucous ghost of Long Meg of Westminster—to argue the worth of women. Yet Long Meg bears little resemblance to the chaste, silent, and obedient women often marshaled as exempla in apologies for women. Her presence in the pamphlet, then, requires explanation beyond assigning the text the label of pseudo-defense. Reading The Womens Sharpe Revenge in tandem with the attacks on women to which it responds (specifically those authored by John Taylor) provides a more meaningful analysis of the Sharpe Revenge that also posits John Taylor himself as the author of the defense pamphlet, a suggestion buttressed by further comparison among Taylor’s writings about women and his broader poetic interests. Taylor was one of the most prolific poets of the seventeenth century and, like his contemporary Ben Jonson, he harbored a deep anxiety about the qualities and education necessary to claim the title of “poet” for himself. Known as the “waterpoet,” Taylor addresses this anxiety throughout his oeuvre by reimagining the potential sources for poetic authority, and Long Meg proves to be a figure through which he can continue to authorize his own non-erudite creative license. Revealing Taylor as the author of The Womens Sharpe Revenge highlights the extent to which the early modern debate about women was a useful vehicle for serious literary concerns.

The Social Underpinnings of Women's Worth in the Study of World Politics: Culture, Leader Emergence, and Coauthorship

Using personal observations and the results from a variety of studies on gender and scholarship, this paper demonstrates that our discipline often holds women’s research in lower esteem. It does so by examining gendered patterns in various cultures of academic life, the processes by which intellectual leaders emerge, and coauthorship as one of the most significant social activities undertaken by researchers. Solutions at all institutional levels—professional organizations, journals, grant organizations, universities and colleges, graduate colleges, departments—are suggested. And even well-intentioned individuals, in a variety of roles— departmental leaders, panel organizers, discussants, bloggers, instructors, mentors, colleagues, authors, and journalists—must be willing to examine and change their own practices. The result is win-win: valuing women’s research is better for female and male academics, students’ intellectual health, the strength of colleges and universities, and the long-run vitality of professional organizations and journals.

Kasena women's critique of gender roles and gender justice through proverbial jesting

This article analyzes proverbs used by Kasena women from northern Ghana in their effort to critique gendered perceptions of justice in their society. This critique takes place within the socially approved medium of the joking relationship that pertains between a Kasena woman and her husband's kin. The joking relationship permits joking partners to give their views free reign and therefore provides a safe avenue for women to express their own attitudes and values pertaining to justice. They subvert and contradict Kasem proverbs in order to protest the use of gender as a basis for defining women's roles and rights in the home and in marriage. However, gender justice, as it can be gleaned from the proverbs the women deploy, is not limited to demanding freedom from traditional dependencies and addressing gender inequities. It is broadened to include calls for the recognition of women's self worth and of their contribution to culture – a conception of justice that has been the subject of recent debates on the definition of justice which have moved the focus from issues of distribution to questions of recognition. Tono konto ni Kasena kaana memanga mo, Ghana banga tiina kateri dem wone. Kaana bam mange memanga yam se ba bere ba sam tiina na bonge te baara de kaana seeni to mo. Ba mae Kasena kaane de o banna kweera sena mo ba jange de memanga ba di bonga. Bonga dim na ye te to, ko pae se balo na kweere daane to wae ba ngoona ba bobonga taam, delo ba yaa na baa wane bat a to. Konto nwaane me pea se kaana bam wae ba tea baara yaa na gyege se ba taa ke kaana lamyirane te to. Kaana bam leri memanga yam mo, ba gya ya ba tulimi, se ba bere we noono na ye kaane, ko wo mange se ba taa ke o ne baaro gare o to, songo de baro-zure wone. Kaana de baara sena yam ban a bere ba memanga yam ne to, dae yalo na tea yizura sena yirane, ko foge ko dae fanga kikea seeni to. Memanga yam yadonna bere ko na mange se noona taa nige kaana tei ye ba bonga ba sige kaana na ke kolo ba wole logo kom to mo – yanto bobonga yam mo noona badonna de gyege ba lara, ye ba bere we kem manga doe ka ke komara komara; be ngwaane, se n'nii n'dong n'nige, de ye kem manga mo.