Women's Willingness Research Articles

African American Women's Willingness to Participate in Online Health Communities During COVID-19.

Introduction: The use of online health communities (OHCs) for health information, disease self-management, and social support increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, there are limited data on the willingness of African American women (AAW) to participate in OHCs. Materials and Methods: A sample of 985 AAW completed an online survey. Multinomial logistic regression examined associations between three age groups (18-29, 30-50, and 51+ years) and 10 motivators and 10 barriers to participating in OHCs. Women 51+ years were the referent group. Results: Women 51+ years were more likely to have been diagnosed with obesity and hypertension than the other groups (p < 0.01), but less likely to be diagnosed with a mental health condition than the other groups (p < 0.01). The top 2 motivators were to learn about a disease/condition (70%) and to prevent a disease/condition (64%). There were no significant differences with these variables. However, compared with women 18-29 years of age, women 51+ years were more likely to be motivated to manage an illness (p < 0.001), and more likely than the other groups to be motivated to support others (p = 0.011). The top 2 barriers were being too busy (53%) and privacy concerns (45%). Compared with women in the two other groups, women 51+ years were more concerned about privacy (p < 0.001). Discussion: AAW expressed a willingness to participate in OHCs. Willingness to participate in OHCs will vary by the topic and disease/condition and the age group. Conclusions: Opportunities exist to recruit AAW in age-specific OHCs.

Willingness to Participate in Health Research: Mexican and Mexican American Women's Perspectives.

Background:Lack of racial and ethnic diversity in health research negatively impacts generalizability. We describe Mexican and Mexican American women's willingness to participate in health research in Oregon.Methods:We conducted a survey with Mexican-origin Latinas aged 18–49 years. Our primary outcome was willingness to participate in health research; we also asked sociodemographics and barriers and facilitators to participation. We used logistic regression to identify factors associated with willingness to participate.Results:Of 500 participants, 41% said that they would be willing to participate in health research, 14% said no, and 45% were unsure. In multivariable analyses, past participation in research and speaking English well were independently associated with willingness to participate. Barriers to participation included language, accessibility, and fear of medical procedures. Facilitators included improving future health care, language, and free medical care.Conclusions:Mexican-origin Latinas in Oregon are willing to participate in health research, but many are unsure. Providing study materials in Spanish is a concrete first step to improve recruitment and promote equity and inclusion.

Hospitalized Women's Willingness to Pay for Inpatient Screening Colonoscopy.

Background:Despite the proven mortality benefit of screening colonoscopy, ∼27% of hospitalized women are nonadherent with colorectal cancer (CRC) screening guidelines. Colonoscopy is the most frequently used test for CRC screening in the United States. Although CRC is the second most common cause of cancer death in the United States, CRC screening has not been part of usual hospital care.Objective:This study explores how hospitalized women perceive value of inpatient screening colonoscopy by evaluating the mean amount of money that hospitalized women are willing to contribute toward the cost of a screening colonoscopy during a hospital stay.Methods:A cross-sectional bedside survey consisting of a contingent valuation questionnaire was used to assess the contribution these women considered to be justified for the convenience of an inpatient screening colonoscopy. The probit regression model was used for the analysis of contingent valuation data to predict mean willingness to pay toward inpatient screening colonoscopy.Results:Of the 312 enrolled patients, 48% were willing to pay a mean of $171.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] $37.59–$305.54, p = 0.012) in advance toward the cost of an inpatient screening colonoscopy. After adjustment of possible sociodemographic and clinical covariates that could impact willingness to contribute, hospitalized women were willing to pay a mean of $178.41 (95% CI $40.67–$316.16, p = 0.011).Conclusions:The findings of this study suggest that hospitalized women value the prospect of screening colonoscopy during hospitalization. Offering screening colonoscopy to nonadherent hospitalized women, especially those who are at high risk for developing CRC, may improve adherence among hospitalized women.This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04162925).

Gender Differences in Entrepreneurship Mentoring

Although empathy in entrepreneurship has been well documented, there is a lack of understanding of how it could influence the willingness to be mentored. This paper aims to fill this gap by investigating how the types of empathy (cognitive vs. affective) and entrepreneurship (social vs. for-profit) influence respondents' willingness to be mentored considering the respondents' gender, and more precisely, which types of entrepreneurs could positively influence women willingness to be mentored. Drawing on the personal identification literature and the entrepreneurship literature on attitude and intention, we measured the respondent's

Functional characteristics of kinesic communicative components in the English fairy-tale discourse

The article is focused on the study of the organization of the English fairy-tale discourse, presenting a unique semiotic system, and kinesic components of communication manifested in it. The fairy-tale serves as a catalyst in the process of socialization of the personality. It is the first “gender ABC-book” for a child. It outlines explicitly the behavioral communicative patterns fixed in the society. In the article the situations of communicative interaction in the heterogeneous communicative dyad “woman – man” are analyzed. The gender parameters of the participants are taken into consideration. Based on the pragmatic settings of feminine fairy-tale discursive personalities, their strategic behavior is analyzed with the special attention to the functions of kinesic communicative components. In the communicative pair “woman – man” a gaze, smile, and head movements are most significant for female characters. They use these non-verbal components for the implementation of a cooperative or conflict communicative strategy and for the setting of the appropriate tone of communication. It has been established that the kinesic behavior of fairy-tale speakers is multifunctional: it may indicate a woman's willingness to interact or a desire to influence the interlocutor; due to kinesic communicative components, the contacts between speakers are established, and the necessary information is obtained from the communicative partner. They also can indicate the emotional state of the speakers. The analyzed functional and communicative characteristics of the kinesic components meet the expectations of the society regarding the performance of male and female gender roles.

Analysis on the Influence Factors of Urban Women's Willingness to Have More Than One Child

Since the country released the three-child policy last year, the smooth implementation of the three-child policy has attracted much attention from all walks of life. Cities also immediately conducted a survey on the fertility willingness of the right-aged population, and the results were not as high as expected. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the factors that influence urban women's willingness to have more children.

The need for preventive nursing care from a gender perspective at Bollate prison. An example: breast cancer.

Breast cancer is prevalent in females, accounting for 25% of the world's cancers. Prevention is strategic, and the nurse is an active part in educational and preventive programs, highlighting how the need for preventive nature is combined with gender medicine. The objective was to investigate the knowledge of breast cancer prevention among inmates of Bollate prison (Milan). 51% (52) adhered; women had an average age of 44 years (SD: 9.8), and 39% (20) were inmates from 1 to 3 years. 93% (48) knew about breast cancer prevention, 43% (26) had undergone specific preventive checkups outside of the prison, and 62% (31) had performed self-palpation. All women felt it was important to implement prevention in the prison environment. A high percentage of female inmates with an educational qualification was observed to be aware of breast cancer prevention and to have undergone screening programs in their lifetime. Emerges the strong willingness of women prisoners to be involved and the educational role of the nurse in the prison setting also from a gender perspective.

Measurement of the Correlation Degree between Rural Family Fertility Willingness and the Development of China's Labor Original Equipment Manufacturing Industry.

At present, China is facing problems such as the decline of fertility rate, gender imbalance, serious aging, and the reduction of youth and working population, which will have an adverse impact on the long-term development of social economy. Based on the literature review, combined with China's financial family data, combined with the innovative calculation model of the correlation between rural family fertility willingness and labor original equipment manufacturing (OEM) industrial development, through the empirical analysis of rural families, this paper investigates the relationship between fertility willingness and the development and endogeneity of labor OEM industry and finds that female labor participation has a significant negative impact on the number of children in rural families. Spouse labor participation has a negative effect on the number of children in rural families. The regression coefficient of women's willingness to have two children for career development is significant and negative (c1=−0.181, P=−0.003 < 0.01), and that of women's family status is significant and negative (c1=−0.998, P=0.031 < 0.01). The relative opportunity cost of birth of individual operators is more concentrated in the range of 50%–80%. The results show that the development of labor OEM industry is significantly influenced by the fertility willingness of rural families. This paper concludes that differentiated policies and measures should be taken according to the type of industrial promotion.

Predicting Rural Women's Breast Cancer Screening Intention in China: A PLS-SEM Approach Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior.

BackgroundIt was reported that the incidence of breast cancer (BC) was the highest among cancers worldwide. The breast cancer screening (BCS) program is regarded as an effective preventive measure. However, rural women's willingness to participate in the BCS program is relatively low. To provide measures to prevent BC, it is necessary for the government to identify the influencing factors of rural women's BCS intention.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among 3,011 rural women by a convenience sampling method through face-to-face interviews on a self-designed questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) was conducted to determine the predictors of BCS intention, and a multi-group analysis (MGA) of age was performed to identify if there were differences in all hypotheses between different age groups.ResultsThere were still rural women who have not been screened for BC in five years (41.7%). The research model of rural women's intention to accept this prevention against BC was rational. All of the hypotheses are supported. Especially, subjective norm (SN) (β = 0.345, p < 0.001) is found to be the strongest predictor followed by the perceived behavioral control 1 (PBC 1) (personal factors, including distance, transportation, busyness, etc.) (β = 0.165, p < 0.001), attitude (β = 0.152, p < 0.001), past behavior (PB) (β = 0.150, p < 0.001), knowledge (β = 0.121, p < 0.001), and perceived behavioral control 2 (PBC 2) (pain and cultural-social factors including embarrassment from a physician, etc.) (β = 0.042, p < 0.05). The advocacy and education (A&E), medical level and service attitude (ML&SA) of township health centers and village clinics can affect behavior intention (BI) via attitude, SN, and PBC. The results of MGA of age indicate that there are significant differences among rural women of different ages regarding the relationship between A&E and PBC 2 (p < 0.01) and the effect of PB on BI (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe TPB with the addition of PB, knowledge, ML&SA, and A&E can provide the theoretical basis for the policy intervention that aims to enhance the rural women's BCS willingness. MGA of age is conducive to promoting the implementation of the BCS policy. The findings are of great significance to improve rural women's health levels.

Conflicting Cultural and Religious Views on Cosmesis: The Modern Women's Dilemma.

BackgroundWomen from countries with conflicting views on cosmesis may avoid these procedures for the fear of being rejected by the community. Understanding the motives that drive patients from these countries to seek cosmetic procedures helps discern possible causes of postoperative dissatisfaction, which can be prevented by careful selection of patients and individualizing their management protocols.ObjectivesThis study helps identify the factors that affect Egyptian Muslim women’s attitude toward cosmetic procedures. The main factors tested were female gender role stress (FGRS), body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), and religious attitude. The secondary factors investigated were health evaluation, life satisfaction, self-satisfaction, social media use, TV exposure, spouse/friends/family influence, and internalization of beauty standards.MethodsWomen willing to undergo cosmetic procedures were compared with those who were not. A survey exploring demographics and the different motives were posted for the public online.ResultsAmong 502 participants, 288 were willing to undergo cosmetic procedures and 214 were not. Our findings showed a statistically significant difference for the degree of BDD, FGRS, and religiousness between willing and unwilling groups. Moreover, greater pressure from partner to change appearance, influence of friends and family on opinion regarding beauty of oneself, internalization of beauty standards, and lower ratings of life and self-satisfaction showed statistically significant association with willingness to undergo cosmetic treatment.ConclusionBDD, FGRS, and religious attitude are among the highest predictors of the willingness of women to undergo cosmetic procedures together with many other factors. This study is the first of its kind to evaluate several unexplored motives and opens the door for future research.Level of Evidence VThis journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.

Just Say “No” to Compulsory Hijab: Exploring the Motivations and Meanings ofBad-Hijabiin Iran

Hijab is mandatory for every woman in Iran. However, while some women adhere to the strict guidelines and cover their hair and body when in public, others wear hijab only to the extent that they avoid breaking the law, a practice known as bad-hijabi. Recent studies have explored Iranian women's willingness to protest hijab through their social media activities. However, few studies have examined bad-hijabi as another form of resistance. The purpose of this study was to explore the topic of bad-hijabi from the perspective of women who have worn badhijabi. In-depth interviews were conducted with twenty Iranian women and a thematic interpretation of the data revealed that they use badhijabi to compensate for the inability to freely express the self through appearance, as well as to dissociate from messages communicated by hijab. Further research is needed on how bad-hijabi impacts the complex meanings communicated by women's appearance in Iran.

The promise, problems, and pitfalls of including pregnant women in clinical trials of Lassa fever vaccine: a qualitative assessment of sub-Sahara Africa investigators’ perception

IntroductionLassa fever runs a uniquely severe course in pregnancy. There are plans for Lassa fever vaccine clinical trials in endemic West African countries. We assessed the perception of West African investigators to include pregnant women in these studies.Methodsinterviews were conducted with eight sub-Saharan African investigators. These investigators, listed as speakers at the 9th European and developing countries clinical trials partnership (EDCTP) congress and had clinical research experience in sub-Saharan Africa, were purposefully included as study participants. Six are from West Africa. The information was analyzed thematically.Resultswe interviewed eight (six in-person and two on the phone) out of fifteen earmarked investigators. Respondents had limited experience with pregnant women in clinical trials, but desired a paradigm shift. They identified pregnant women's willingness, a robust community engagement strategy, and adequate safety data as enablers, while lack of safety data, persistent fears about potential harm to pregnant women and offspring, and inappropriate community engagement activities as potential barriers.Conclusionthe inclusion of pregnant women in Lassa fever vaccine clinical trials should be a priority of vaccine developers. Investigators are willing to conduct these studies provided adequate measures to ensure safety is in place.

“The liberation of LGBTQ+ will also liberate heterosexuals”: Heterosexual feminist women's participation in solidarity‐based collective action for LGBTQ+ rights

AbstractThe current studies aim to examine the underlying predictors of heterosexual feminist women's willingness to participate in solidarity‐based collective action for LGBTQ+ rights. We hypothesized that feminist identification, perceived discrimination against LGBTQ+, and strategic intra‐minority alliance between feminists and LGBTQ+ would predict their willingness to participate in solidarity‐based collective action. Study 1 (N = 141) showed that higher feminist identification and more endorsement of the strategic intra‐minority alliance predicted more willingness to participate in solidarity‐based collective action among heterosexual feminist women in Turkey. Study 2 (N = 644) replicated and extended the findings of Study 1 with a larger sample by showing that higher awareness of sexual orientation privilege predicts more willingness to participate in solidarity‐based collective action. By following an intersectional and multi‐identity approach in Study 3 (N = 280), we showed that higher feminist identification predicted more willingness to participate in solidarity‐based collective action, whereas higher heterosexual identification predicted less willingness.

The willingness for cervical cancer screening among sexually active women in Indonesia: Lesson learned from two districts.

To determine the factors that affect women's willingness at childbearing age to detect/screen for cervical cancer. A cross-sectional study was carried out on sexually active women, aged 30-50years residing in Banyumas and Gunung Kidul Districts, Indonesia. There were 600 respondents. This study focused on the impact of knowledge, access to health information, and support of their husband on the willingness to undergo early detection of cervical cancer. This study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference (P=0.000) between the women who were willing and unwilling to do the screening in terms of higher knowledge (64.67% and 36.21%), obtained access to the information (80.43% and 54.74%), and supported by their husband (63.59% and 29.31%). This study also discovered that the willingness to be screened was significantly affected by spousal support (odds ratio [OR] 4.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.81-6.27). Other factors, such as education level (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.20-6.63), knowledge (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.52-3.44), and access to information (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.34-3.24), were also important drivers. To improve the coverage of cervical screening, several aspects could be treated, including education, knowledge, access to information, and spousal support.

The risk factors and pregnant women's willingness toward the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in various countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionPregnant women will benefit from research on immunization during pregnancy because they will have more accurate information on the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk factors and pregnant women's desire to get the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in various countries. MethodsA search of PubMed, ProQuest, and EBSCO for related publications published (January and December 2021) on risk factors and pregnant women's desire to get the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in various countries. The Pooled Odds Ratio (POR) were calculated using fixed and random-effect analysis. The I-squared formula was used to calculate the heterogeneity. Egger's and Begg's tests were used to identify study bias. STATA 16.0 was used for data analysis. ResultsThis study revealed good practice has the highest POR (8.99), followed by received influenza vaccine last year (2.72), high perception of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (2.70), >35 years (2.01), sufficient information about the SARS-COV-2 vaccine (1.94), higher school education (1.84), and third trimester (1.35) with pregnant women's desire toward the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. The heterogeneity analysis revealed homogenous among risk factors in >35 years, high perception of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, good practice, and third trimester (I2 ≤ 50%). In the articles combined in this study, there was no indication of study bias. ConclusionThe insights of this study might help the authorities in determining the most effective strategy to deploy SARS-CoV-2 mass immunization campaigns for pregnant women.

Determinant Factors Involved In Pregnant Women's Willingness To Receive Covid-19 Vaccine

Background: The COVID-19 vaccine still has a poor vaccination rate among pregnant women for a variety of reasons, one of which is a lack of knowledge about the vaccine's advantages as well as the potential side effects and risks that may result from the vaccine. The purpose of this research is to discover determinant factors that influence Covid-19 vaccination willingness.&#x0D; Methods: This is a descriptive analytic study with a chronological method. In this study, a total population of 255 pregnant women was sampled, using the first dose of COVID-19 vaccination administered to pregnant women at Kedungwuni II Health Center. This research relies on primary data and a questionnaire that has been assessed for validity and reliability. This study lasted six months, from July to December 2021. The analysis was a multivariate logistic regression analysis.&#x0D; Results: The factors related to the willingness of pregnant women to take part in the COVID-19 vaccination were age (p=0.026), gravida status (p=0.029), ANC frequency (p=0.002) and knowledge about covid 19 vaccination (p=0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: It is critical for healthcare practitioners to provide information about the COVID -19 vaccination so that expectant mothers do not feel anxious about going to the vaccination sites. Pregnant women should also be informed about the possibility of post-vaccination complications.

Women's Risk Perceptions and Willingness to Engage in Risk-Reducing Interventions for the Prevention of Obesity-Related Endometrial Cancer.

IntroductionEndometrial cancer rates are rising in parallel with the global obesity epidemic. Our aim was to assess the willingness of women at greatest risk of obesity-related endometrial cancer to engage with risk-reducing strategies and establish perceived barriers that may preclude their participation in a randomized controlled trial of primary endometrial cancer prevention.Materials and MethodsWomen attending gynecology, obesity and sleep apnea clinics in Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre-affiliated hospitals with obesity classes II (BMI 35–39.9kg/m2) and III (BMI ≥40kg/m2) were invited to participate in a cross-sectional survey. We asked women about their perceived risk, knowledge of risk factors and willingness to engage with endometrial cancer risk-reducing interventions.ResultsSeventy-four women with a median age of 51 years (range 22–73) and BMI of 47kg/m2 (range 34–81) took part in the study. Two-thirds (65.6%) knew that obesity was a risk factor for endometrial cancer but few were able to recall other major risk factors. Just over half (53.5%) perceived their risk of developing endometrial cancer to be higher than average. Women were prepared to lose weight (94%), eat healthily (91%), exercise more (87%), take a pill every day (74%) or receive an intra-uterine device (49%) for primary endometrial cancer prevention. Perceived barriers included cost, forgetting, willpower, finding time, physical fitness, social anxiety, possible side effects and previous bad experiences.ConclusionWomen at highest risk of obesity-related endometrial cancer may not always appreciate their susceptibility. However, willingness to engage in risk-reducing strategies suggests recruitment to a randomized controlled trial for primary endometrial cancer prevention could be feasible.

Patient Preferences for Early Diagnosis of Endometriosis and Associated Determinants in the United States: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic and incurable gynecological disease that mainly affects women of reproductive age worldwide. It imposes clinical and economic burdens on patients, families, and society. A better understanding of the determinants of preferences towards early diagnosis of endometriosis may help develop programs and interventions to reduce the risk of more severe illness. We quantified patient preferences for early endometriosis diagnosis and explored whether preferences vary on the patient characteristics and pre-established social determinants of health. Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was designed to elicit women's preferences and willingness to pay for early diagnosis of endometriosis. Women ages 18 and older were eligible to participate in the study. The attributes (and levels) considered to describe hypothetical scenarios included diagnosis (immediate/postponed), the chance of advanced endometriosis and more severe illness (low/ high), time away from living, and professional activities (8 days, 15 days, 22 days and 30 days), and possible out-of pocket costs ($0, $15, $60 and $210). The effects of participants' characteristics and social determinants of health on the preference for early diagnosis were modeled using a Tobit model. Results: A total of 66 women with (2) or at-risk (64) of endometriosis completed the experiment. The respondents' age and insurance statuses significantly influenced their preference or choice for early diagnosis. On average, respondents were willing to give up $61.55 out-of-pocket cost to have a low risk of advanced endometriosis and more severe disease. The Tobit model indicates only age and insurance variables significantly affected early diagnosis preference. The results suggest that older ages and not having insurance increase the likelihood of respondents choosing early diagnosis than the younger age group and having insurance. Conclusions: This study indicates the importance of considering the patient characteristics and social determinants of health when designing and implementing health programs and interventions for endometriosis.

PENGUNGKAPAN DIRI DI DUNIA MAYA DAN KEKERASAN TERHADAP PEREMPUAN

: The Internet has not become yet a secure world for women. Many women become targets of violence in cyberspace. The willingness of women to respond, introduce, and open up themselves to strangers on the internet causes this violence. The purpose of this research is to explore the process of self-disclosure of adolescent girls in cyberspace. Including the factors that influence, both supporting and obstacle. This research presents an in-depth review of the process of self-disclosure of women when they interact in cyberspace based on a literature review and theoretical analysis. The results of this research indicate that violence against women is transformed in a new form. One of the reasons for this phenomenon of violence is the victim's lack of carefulness when interacting in cyberspace. They are easy to open up and trust the people they know in cyberspace.

Adaptive self-objectification in the context of breast cancer: A theoretical integration of the terror management health model and research on objectification.

Integrating theorizing from the terror management health model with research on the objectification of women's bodies, we present a novel framework for understanding reactions to breasts in the context of breast cancer: adaptive self-objectification. We suggest that, despite evidence that objectifying the body has harmful consequences for women, viewing the breasts as objects has the potential to lead to positive outcomes in the context of breast health and cancer. We find evidence for this in the context of mass communication about breast cancer screening, in women's willingness and comfort with engagement in breast cancer screening, and in the decisions women make with respect to cancer treatment (e.g. mastectomy). We conclude with a call to action for research to examine the impact of objectification of the breasts on screening behavior and treatment decisions, and consider how adaptive self-objectification can be encouraged, with the aim of saving lives.