Well-being Of Women Research Articles

Exploring Rajaswala Paricharya: A Holistic Ayurvedic Perspective on Women's Well-being

Within Ayurveda, menstruation is viewed as a natural physiological process regulated by Doshas, necessitating specific lifestyle adjustments known as Rajaswala Paricharya to maintain women's health and potentially safeguard the well-being of future generations. Despite its intrinsic importance, contemporary awareness and adherence to Rajaswala Paricharya have waned, partly due to the dissemination of misinformation by media and menstrual product manufacturers. While global health initiatives prioritize adolescent reproductive health and sanitation, they often overlook the traditional practices advocated by Ayurveda. Ayurvedic practitioners play a crucial role in advocating for Rajaswala Paricharya to fortify female reproductive health, aiming to prevent Dosha imbalances, Ama formation, and fortify Agni. By encouraging adherence to these guidelines, women may experience reduced menstrual symptoms and better navigate the physiological and psychological changes associated with menstruation. Furthermore, the integration of modern scientific research could provide empirical validation for the efficacy of Rajaswala Paricharya, reinforcing its significance in contemporary women's health practices. Thus, fostering a positive perception and adherence to Rajaswala Paricharya is paramount for empowering women and promoting holistic well-being.

Association of Socioeconomic Characteristics with Health and Well-Being of Rural Older Cambodians.

This study examined the demographic, socioeconomic, health, and well-being of rural-dwelling older Cambodians and identified differentials based on age and gender. The goal is to understand disparities in wealth, health, well-being, and support systems among older adults within the context of Cambodia's history of civil unrest and socio-cultural norms. A regionally representative sample from three northwestern Cambodian provinces was used to evaluate household wealth, economic satisfaction, health, psychological well-being, social support, and a government welfare program. Analysis was conducted to document how these factors differed by age and gender. Significant gender differentials in demographics, well-being, and support systems were observed. Older women outnumbered men and reported lower levels of social support and psychological well-being, potentially influenced by high widowhood rates and gender-linked cultural norms. Education levels were generally low, possibly due to disruption from wars and conflicts. Relative to neighboring countries, the health status of older Cambodians was poor, though no significant gender-based health disparities were identified. There were differences in debt and wealth accumulation among age groups but no variation in welfare support by age or gender. These findings underline the significance of addressing gender disparities and socio-cultural factors affecting older Cambodians. They underscore the need for policy attention toward older women's psychological well-being and support systems, as well as health and social support interventions for the oldest age groups. Future research should investigate these observed patterns, accounting for regional variations and survivor selection bias.

Fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A concept analysis.

To clarify the concept of fear of childbirth among pregnant women and to examine its current measure tools. Fear of childbirth is a psychological symptom, prevalent among pregnant women, which negatively impacts women's health and well-being. It has become an increasingly concerning issue in perinatal mental health. However, due to its poor conceptualization, it presents difficulty in conducting reliable assessments and identifying risk factors. The Walker and Avant approach to concept analysis guided this review. Six bibliographic databases were systematically searched for published research from their inception date to May 2023. Additional records were identified by manually searching the reference lists of relevant studies. Quantitative and qualitative studies investigating fear of childbirth in pregnant women were included. Three critical attributes have been identified: cognitive impairments, affective disorders and somatic symptoms. Antecedents include perceived a real or anticipated threat of pregnancy or its outcomes, low perceived self-coping ability and unmet social support needs. Consequences include processing and avoiding behaviours. This study also identified the dimensions of fear of childbirth, including 6 primary categories and 14 subcategories. The content of five scales was analysed and none covered all domains. The current analysis provides healthcare providers with a more comprehensive framework to assess and identify fear of childbirth. Further research is needed to develop a suitable instrument that covers all the attributes and dimensions of this concept and assesses its severity. This conceptual analysis provides a comprehensive insight into the phenomenon of fear of childbirth. This will help family members, healthcare providers and policymakers to identify the psychological needs of pregnant women and improve the quality of antenatal care. Not applicable as no new data were generated.

Early career mobility and health and wellbeing of female doctorate holders: A narrative review of the international literature

AbstractWhile in the last decade gender research has shown great interest in problems around work–life balance for women and the implications for their career mobility, the links between these and women's health and wellbeing have not been fully examined. This article reviews international research undertaken between 1980 and 2020 on the early career period of female doctorate holders. The focus is on the early career mobility (career progression as well as international, disciplinary, and sectorial mobility) of women with doctorates and the connections between their mobility and their physical and mental health and wellbeing. Guided by feminist theories on recurrent institutionalized and legitimized gender inequalities, our review identifies the establishment of inequity during the early career period for female doctoral graduates inside and outside academia and associates this with imbalances in mobility patterns, which are directly connected with their personal lives. The evidence found also suggests that women's health and wellbeing is mostly negatively impacted by these circumstances which may be contributing to women leaving academia or employment. Some improvements at institutional level are recommended as well as the need to continue challenging perceptions of gender roles and responsibilities.

A context-driven approach through stakeholder engagement to introduce a digital emergency obstetric and newborn care register into routine obstetric health care services in Bangladesh.

Emergency obstetric and newborn care (EmONC) in Bangladesh focusses on maternal health, whereby it addresses childbirth and postpartum complications to ensure women's health and well-being. It was transitioned to a digital platform to overcome challenges with the paper-based EmONC register and we conducted implementation research to assess the outcome. Here we outline the stakeholder engagement process integral to the implementation research process. We adopted a four-step stakeholder engagement model based on the identification, sensitisation, involvement, and engagement of stakeholders. The approach was informed by previous experience, desk reviews, and expert consultations to ensure comprehensive engagement with stakeholders at multiple levels. Led by the Maternal Health Programme of the Government of Bangladesh, we involved high-power and high-interest stakeholders in developing a joint action plan for digitisation of the paper-based EmONC register. Finally, we demonstrated this digital EmONC register in real-life settings to stakeholders at different levels. The successful demonstration process fostered government ownership and collaboration with multiple stakeholders, while laying the foundation for scalability and sustainability. Nevertheless, our experience highlighted that the stakeholder engagement process is context-driven, time-consuming, resource-intensive, iterative, and dynamic, and it requires involving stakeholders with varied expertise. Effective strategic planning, facilitation, and the allocation of sufficient time and resources are essential components for successful stakeholder engagement. Our experience demonstrates the potential of adopting the 'identification, sensitisation, involvement, and engagement' stakeholder engagement model. Success in implementing this model in diverse settings depends on leveraging knowledge gained during implementation, maintaining robust communication with stakeholders, and harnessing the patience and determination of the facilitating organisation.

Cervical cancer prevention in Burkina Faso: a stakeholder's collaboration for the development of awareness messaging.

Cervical Cancer stands as the second leading cause of both incident female cancers and deaths in Burkina Faso. Unfortunately, the prevention, early detection, and care of cervical cancers are suboptimal at individual, institutional, and national levels. In October 2023, we organized a stakeholder's workshop to develop cervical cancer awareness messaging for disease control in the country. A one-text workshop was organized with stakeholders working toward improving health in general or women's health and well-being. A participatory, learning, and adaptive approach was used to facilitate discussions and activities, ensuring the contribution of all participants. Contextual evidence-based and empirical elements about cervical cancer burden and preventive strategies were presented to the participants by key informants. These served as the foundation for a collaborative formulation of messaging content that aimed at raising awareness about cervical cancer. Sixty-two participants from 28 organizations attended the workshop. They work mainly at local and international non-governmental organizations, civil society organizations, universities, university hospitals, research centers, and the Ministry of Health. During the first and second days of the workshop, the participants explored cervical cancer data, its preventive and treatment options available in Burkina Faso, communication strategies for behavioral change, and determinants of the use of prevention and health promotion services. During the following three days, 3 working groups were formed to define strategies, and key messages adapted to diverse tools and targeted audiences. All information was validated during plenary sessions before the end of the workshop and available to all participants and their organizations for cancer awareness activities. Upon conclusion of the workshop, the participants provided insightful information for the development of cervical awareness messaging in Burkina Faso. They formed the first community of practice to serve as a dynamic platform for implementation, monitoring, evaluation, and continued learning activities.

Motivation to regulate eating behaviors, intuitive eating, and well-being: A dyadic study with mothers and adult daughters

Intuitive eating, defined as relying on physiological cues to determine when, what, and how much to eat while maintaining a positive relationship with food (Tribole & Resch, 1995), has gained a lot of research attention in the last two decades. The present study sought to determine how motivation for regulating eating behaviors is related to intuitive eating and well-being outcomes in dyads of mothers and their adult daughters (n = 214). Structural equation modelling revealed that controlling for dieting and desire to lose weight, both mothers' and daughters' autonomous motivation was positively associated with their own intuitive eating while their controlled motivation was negatively associated with intuitive eating. In turn, intuitive eating was positively associated with well-being in both mothers and daughters. Interestingly, mothers' intuitive eating was also positively related to their daughters' well-being. The analysis of indirect effects suggests that mothers' motivation to regulate eating behaviors has an indirect (mediating) relationship with daughters' well-being through mothers' intuitive eating. The implications for women's health and well-being are discussed.

Revised adolescent PCOS criteria: implications for women's metabolic well-being

Revised adolescent PCOS criteria: implications for women's metabolic well-being

The impact of earthquakes on women: assessing women's mental health in aftermath of the Kahramanmaraş-centred earthquake in Türkiye.

Earthquakes disproportionately affect women and exacerbate gender and social inequalities. This study aims to investigate the psychological impact of the earthquake in Türkiye on women and the associated factors. This is a survey-based study. We collected data from 498 women residing in cities most affected by the earthquake. Participants' mean age was 27.72±5.4. Over 78% of the participants lost at least one family member, and 43.7% lost at least one child due to the earthquake. The mean average of Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) scores was 100.8 (SD=8.37), and the Global Severity Index was 1.9 (SD=0.16). Regression analysis showed that higher education levels predicted poor outcomes across most BSI dimensions. Losing a family member and shelter and injury status were also predictors for several mental health outcomes of the BSI subscales. Earthquakes significantly impact women's well-being and may have a broader impact on the whole family. There is an urgent need to provide psycho-social interventions in the response and recovery phases of the crisis to meet the affected women's needs. This includes providing basic needs with attention to women-specific needs, restoring social networks, addressing gender-based violence and providing gender-sensitive specialized interventions for those who need further support.

Efficacy of the Flo App in Improving Health Literacy, Menstrual and General Health, and Well-Being in Women: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Reproductive health literacy and menstrual health awareness play a crucial role in ensuring the health and well-being of women and people who menstruate. Further, awareness of one's own menstrual cycle patterns and associated symptoms can help individuals identify and manage conditions of the menstrual cycle such as premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). Digital health products, and specifically menstrual health apps, have the potential to effect positive change due to their scalability and ease of access. The primary aim of this study was to measure the efficacy of a menstrual and reproductive health app, Flo, in improving health literacy and health and well-being outcomes in menstruating individuals with and without PMS and PMDD. Further, we explored the possibility that the use of the Flo app could positively influence feelings around reproductive health management and communication about health, menstrual cycle stigma, unplanned pregnancies, quality of life, work productivity, absenteeism, and body image. We conducted 2 pilot, 3-month, unblinded, 2-armed, remote randomized controlled trials on the effects of using the Flo app in a sample of US-based (1) individuals who track their cycles (n=321) or (2) individuals who track their cycles and are affected by PMS or PMDD (n=117). The findings revealed significant improvements at the end of the study period compared to baseline for our primary outcomes of health literacy (cycle tracking: D̄=1.11; t311=5.73, P<.001; PMS or PMDD: D̄=1.20; t115=3.76, P<.001) and menstrual health awareness (D̄=3.97; t311=7.71, P<.001), health and well-being (D̄=3.44; t311=5.94, P<.001), and PMS or PMDD symptoms burden (D̄=-7.08; t115=-5.44, P<.001). Improvements were also observed for our secondary outcomes of feelings of control and management over health (D̄=1.01; t311=5.08, P<.001), communication about health (D̄=0.93; t311=2.41, P=.002), menstrual cycle stigma (D̄=-0.61; t311=-2.73, P=.007), and fear of unplanned pregnancies (D̄=-0.22; t311=-2.11, P=.04) for those who track their cycles, as well as absenteeism from work and education due to PMS or PMDD (D̄=-1.67; t144=-2.49, P=.01). These pilot randomized controlled trials demonstrate that the use of the Flo app improves menstrual health literacy and awareness, general health and well-being, and PMS or PMDD symptom burden. Considering the widespread use and affordability of the Flo app, these findings show promise for filling important gaps in current health care provisioning such as improving menstrual knowledge and health. OSF Registries osf.io/pcgw7; https://osf.io/pcgw7 ; OSF Registries osf.io/ry8vq; https://osf.io/ry8vq.

Cervical Cancer Therapeutics: An In-depth Significance of Herbal and Chemical Approaches of Nanoparticles.

Cervical cancer emerges as a prominent health issue, demanding attention on a global level for women's well-being, which frequently calls for more specialized and efficient treatment alternatives. Traditional therapies may have limited tumour targeting and adverse side effects. Recent breakthroughs have induced a transformative shift in the strategies employed against cervical cancer. biocompatible herbal nanoparticles and metallic particles made of gold, silver, and iron have become promising friends in the effort to fight against this serious disease and understand the possibility of these nanoparticles for targeted medication administration. this review article delves into the latest advancements in cervical cancer research. The safety and fabrication of these nanomaterials and their remarkable efficacy against cervical tumour spots are addressed. This review study, in short, provides an extensive introduction to the fascinating field of metallic and herbal nanoparticles in cervical cancer treatment. The information that has been examined points to a bright future in which women with cervical cancer may experience fewer side effects, more effective therapy, and an improved quality of life. This review holds promise and has the potential to fundamentally reshape the future of cervical cancer treatment by addressing urgent issues and unmet needs in the field.

Étude de l’anxiété liée à la grossesse et de la peur d’accouchement et de leurs facteurs associés

Pregnancy and childbirth are periods of major transition characterized by physical, biological, and psychological disruptions that can affect women's mental health. Women are particularly vulnerable to a large variety of anxiety disorders such as tocophobia and pregnancy-related anxiety. Our study aimed to assess the intensity of pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, to identify associated factors, and to investigate the relationship between pregnancy-related anxiety, fear of childbirth, marital satisfaction, and social support. Our study was carried on in the gynecology and obstetrics department of the Hedi Chaker Hospital in Sfax – Tunisia from 22 February 2023 to 31 July 2023. To assess pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth, we used the Pregnancy-related anxiety questionnaire and the Fear of Childbirth Scale, respectively. Social support and marital satisfaction were assessed using the Social Provisions Scale and the Azrin Scale. We enrolled 350 women with a mean age of 29.3 years. In 53.7% of cases, they had not completed secondary school and in 60.9% of cases, they were housewives. In the assessment of marital satisfaction based on the AZRIN score, 38.8% of women had good marital satisfaction (score above 6), 20.9% had poor satisfaction (score below 5) and 40.3% had average satisfaction (score between 5 and 6). Social support scores ranged from 14 to 40, with an average of 30.22 and a standard deviation of 4.66. The mean score for anxiety related to pregnancy was 31.24 and 48.7 for fear of childbirth. Pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth were positively and strongly correlated. In multivariate analysis, the independent factors associated with pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth were a negative experience during the last childbirth, episiotomy, lack of information before episiotomy, and intense sympathetic signs. Sufficient psychological support from the health care team was a protective factor against the fear of childbirth. Marital satisfaction and perceived social support were weakly and negatively correlated with pregnancy-related anxiety and fear of childbirth. Birth preparation and marital and social support are the cornerstones of a pregnant woman's well-being.

Symptom Clusters and Their Impact on Spiritual Well-Being Among Women with Breast Cancer.

To explore symptom experience and symptom clusters among Jordanian women with breast cancer and investigate whether these clusters predict patients' spiritual well-being. A sample of 142 Jordanian women with breast cancer were asked to complete the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy- Spiritual Well-being (FACIT-Sp) scale, and socio-demographic questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to group symptoms into clusters, and multiple linear regression was used to explore the symptom clusters that predict spiritual well-being. The most prevalent symptoms among women with breast cancer were fatigue, anxiety, tension, and pain. All these symptoms have a prevalence greater than 50%. Three clusters were found: treatment-related symptom cluster consisting of eight symptoms, gastrointestinal symptom cluster consisting of seven symptoms, and psychological symptom cluster consisting of five symptoms. The psychological symptom cluster was the only cluster predicting the women's spiritual well-being (t (141) = -3.049; p < 0.01). Women with breast cancer experience several concurrent symptoms and symptom clusters. Screening for psychological symptom clusters and their treatment improves patients' spiritual well-being. The majority of women with breast cancer did not receive any complementary therapies and hardly any spiritual or psychological support, which should be provided in the future to support their spiritual well-being.

Use of indices to assess women’s health in wellness fitness

Background and Study Aim. With increasing focus on women's health and well-being, there's a pressing need for efficient tools to accurately reflect their physical condition and health status. This study aims to substantiate the use of indices as effective instruments for assessing women's health and wellness fitness. Material and Methods. This study involved 40 women, aged 43.33 ± 0.93 years, who participated in a wellness fitness program for 8 months. Sessions were held three times a week, each lasting 1 hour. A comprehensive health improvement program was utilized, incorporating dance aerobics, strength fitness, and stretching exercises. Anthropometric measurements were taken, and the Stange test was administered to calculate 12 health-related indices. The significance of differences was evaluated using the sign criterion (z) and Rosenbaum's Q index. Assessments were conducted both before the initiation and upon completion of the wellness program. Results. Significant changes were observed in several indices, including the Body Mass Index (z=2), Erisman Index (z=0), Vital Index (z=0), Skibinsky Index (z=1), Kerdo Autonomic Index (z=2), Robinson Index (z=3), Waist-to-Hip Ratio (z=11), Systolic Blood Pressure Index (z=5), Diastolic Blood Pressure Index (z=4), and Livy Index (z=0). Additionally, a reliable improvement in the left arm strength index was confirmed using Rosenbaum's Index (Q=7). Conclusions. The results validate the use of specific indices to evaluate the efficacy of wellness fitness programs. Notable improvements were observed in the Body Mass Index, Erisman Index, and Livy Index, indicative of enhanced physical condition and normalization of body mass, particularly significant among overweight and obese participants. An increase in the strength index reflects augmented hand muscle strength, while enhancements in the vital index signal boosted respiratory system functionality. Furthermore, changes in the Skibinsky Index, Robinson Index, and Kerdo Autonomic Index highlight an elevated adaptation capacity of the cardiorespiratory system. The comprehensive set of indices employed offers insights into the cardiovascular, respiratory, and musculoskeletal systems' state. Their applicability at both individual and group levels, combined with the simplicity of calculations, clarity, and informativeness, markedly improves the monitoring effectiveness of health and fitness status.

Factors affecting women's first childbearing age limit (based on Colombo District)

This study explores the determinants influencing the age at which women have their first child in the Colombo district of Sri Lanka. Drawing upon demographic, social, and economic factors, the research employs a mixed-methods approach, including demographic analysis, chi-square analysis, multiple regression analysis, and literature review. Findings reveal that factors such as education level, age at marriage, occupation status, and monthly household income significantly impact the age at first childbirth. Specifically, education emerges as a primary determinant, with higher levels of education associated with delayed childbirth. Additionally, residential location and type of marriage play roles in shaping the timing of the first childbirth. The study underscores the multifaceted nature of these determinants and highlights the importance of understanding the interplay between demographic, social, and economic factors in informing targeted interventions to promote reproductive health and well-being among women in Sri Lanka. Based on the conclusions drawn, recommendations are provided for implementing education initiatives, fostering economic empowerment, strengthening family planning services, supporting love marriages, and advocating for policy interventions. Implementation of these recommendations can address underlying factors influencing the age at which women have their first child, ultimately promoting women's health, empowerment, and well-being in the Colombo district and beyond.

Positive Body Image and Psychological Wellbeing among Women and Men: The Mediating Role of Body Image Coping Strategies.

This study aimed to examine the mediating role of body image coping strategies in the relationship between positive body image and wellbeing. Three hundred and seventy-two women and three hundred and seventy-seven men completed a questionnaire assessing body appreciation, body appreciation functionality, body compassion, body image coping strategies (appearance fixing, avoidance, positive rational acceptance), self-acceptance and overall psychological wellbeing. Path analysis showed that avoidance significantly mediated the relationship between body appreciation and overall psychological wellbeing among both women and men; its mediating role was confirmed for men's but not for women's self-acceptance. Positive rational acceptance was a significant mediator of the relationship between body compassion and both psychological wellbeing and self-acceptance among men but not among women. These findings show that higher body appreciation is associated with a lower tendency to avoid appearance-related cognitions or thoughts that are interpreted as threatening, with an indirect effect on women's and men's psychological wellbeing. Analogously, but only for men, body compassion is associated with mental activities and self-care behaviors that foster rational self-talk and the acceptance of one's experiences, which, in turn, are linked to higher wellbeing. These findings can help to plan programs aimed at fostering individuals' wellbeing by focusing on their positive body image considering gender differences.

Aerobic vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, and vaginal candidiasis among women of reproductive age in Arba Minch, southern Ethiopia

Reproductive tract infections (RTIs) are a persistent public health threat worldwide, particularly among women in low-income countries of Africa, including Ethiopia, where drug resistance is also a growing problem. It is crucial to address this problem to ensure women's health and well-being. A cross-sectional study was carried out among a cohort of 398 women of reproductive age who sought medical attention at the Gynecology Department of the Arba Minch General Hospital, southern Ethiopia, from January to June 2020. They were chosen through systematic random sampling, and a pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collection of vaginal and/or cervical swabs were done to diagnose bacterial vaginosis (BV) and aerobic vaginitis (AV) using Nugent and AV score analyses, respectively. The swabs were subjected to standard microbiological culture techniques to detect the isolates causing AV and vaginal candidiasis (VC). The susceptibility profiles of the causative agents of AV were checked by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were also done. Aerobic vaginitis was the predominantly diagnosed RTI (n = 122, 30.7%), followed by BV (n = 117, 29.4%) and VC (n = 111, 27.9%). The prominent bacteria of AV were Escherichia coli (n = 36, 34.2%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 30, 28.5%). The overall rate of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria was 65.71% (n = 69). History of abortion (p = 0.01; AOR = 4.0, 95% CI = 2.1, 7.7) and the habit of using vaginal pH-altering contraceptives (p = 0.01; AOR = 4.7, 95% CI = 2.5, 8.8) have the greatest odds of RTI. The high prevalence of RTIs in our study warrants an urgent intervention to minimize the associated morbidities and complications. The overall rate of MDR bacterial isolates necessitates the implementation of an effective surveillance program in the study setting.

Comparative Study of Life Satisfaction, Adversity Quotient and Self-concept in Working and Non-working Women

This ex-post facto study examines the relationship between employment status and psychological variables - life satisfaction, adversity quotient, and self-concept - among married women aged 35-45 in semi-urban and urban areas of India. Utilizing purposive sampling with the snowball method, data were collected from 76 working women and 76 non-working women who met specific inclusion criteria. Assessment tools included the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) for life satisfaction, the Adversity Response Profile (ARP) for adversity quotient, and the Mohsin Self-Concept Inventory (MSCI) for self-concept. Analysis involved one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results revealed significant differences in both life satisfaction and self-concept between working and non-working women, with employed individuals reporting higher levels of satisfaction and self-concept. However, no significant difference was observed in adversity quotient between the two groups. These findings suggest that employment status may influence various aspects of psychological well-being differently among women in India. Implications for policy and intervention strategies aimed at enhancing women's overall well-being are discussed.

Women's experiences of childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania.

Childbirth experiences depend on environmental factors, the provision of qualified medical and non-medical care, and the woman's psychological well-being. Stress experienced during pregnancy and childbirth affects a woman's psychological well-being. The aim of this study was to determine the care of women who gave birth during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lithuania. This qualitative study used an interview method to reveal women's childbirth experiences during and before the pandemic in Lithuania. The data obtained during the interview were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Interviews were taken from 15 women who gave birth at least twice, i.e. the first time until March 2020 (but not earlier than March 2019) and gave birth again during the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2020 - January 2021). A total of 15 women participanted in the interviews. The experience of childbirth before the COVID-19 pandemic was seen as largely positive by women, but childbirth during the COVID-19 pandemic was mentioned as more complex and negative because of the challenges posed by the pandemic, but easier for other reasons not affected by the pandemic. The results of our study show that a higher proportion of women were satisfied with delivery care in hospitals, were happy, and praised the work of midwives and other staff, which mainly contributed to a positive experience. The COVID-19 pandemic posed particular challenges to women's childbirth experiences, and not enough attention was paid to mental health. The stress that was exacerbated during the pandemic period had a profound impact on the pregnant woman in Lithuania.

Linzagolix therapy versus a placebo in patients with endometriosis-associated pain: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 study (EDELWEISS 3).

Linzagolix therapy versus a placebo in patients with endometriosis-associated pain: a prospective, randomized, double-blind, Phase 3 study (EDELWEISS 3).