Woman Suffers Research Articles

The political and social challenges facing the empowerment of Arab women in the shadow of technological development

Arab women have assumed an important social, economic and political status throughout the ages after long conflicts and struggles and a series of failures and successes to realize their rights as human beings, and in light of the new changes that societies have undergone in an era characterized by rapid real-time technological development and scientific progress, women's practical, scientific, vital and influential contribution has become a fundamental necessity in all aspects of economic, social and politics. The research has reached important results, including: the need to work on spreading a culture of balance and equality between men and women, which is the basic principle for facing many challenges that stand as an obstacle towards empowering women, supporting their participation in development, and advancing the wheel of development in society. It is the main strong foundation for realizing all the rights that women seek to obtain in various aspects of life, as well as empowering women by the force of law, which is the strict hand of their support in entitlement to their rights, as many countries have put in place laws according to which women are empowered with compulsory education and Free to be a basic supporter of self-development for her children and building her community. The quota system that was created as a means to support women’s political empowerment with a limited positive impact is not reliable as a final goal with regard to the fairness of women’s political participation, since political parties’ choices for female candidates within the quota are not subject to the criteria of competencies and the appropriate scientific, cultural or popular level of well-earned achievements. Also, the dominance of tribal, clan and interest relations, where the capabilities of these female candidates are negated or have limited ability to absorb and present problems, solutions and sufferings of women, in order to reach positive legislation for those who represent them according to a mandatory political agenda that seeks to achieve it. The modern global standards brought about by the digital information revolution and its requirements in lifestyles necessitated their employment in creating mechanisms to empower women by preparing distinguished women not only within the educational level, but also with the expertise and skills that qualify them for leadership positions and active political participation and support them with all developmental means, especially with regard to the use of social media to educate women in order to change the stereotype set by the patriarchal culture and at the same time provide them with the skills and expertise necessary to qualify them scientifically, technically and politically to reach their primary role in community development through its political culture that qualifies them to build a better politician, a better social role model improving women political future .

Exploring Sufferings in Unmarried Women with Breast Cancer and Surgery

The current research was intended to uncover sufferings of unmarried women who had gone through breast surgery or having breast cancer, using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Purposive sample of 45 women was recruited from Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Oncology (BINO), Bahawalpur, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, and Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (INMOL) Hospital, Lahore. Semi-structured interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed using IPA. Four core themes were extracted from the experiences of the patients that went through breast cancer diagnosis, surgery and beyond. Themes included undesirable feelings, flattered self, emotional affliction and, dreadful future. Cancer, breast surgery, post-surgical complications and social stigma were main factors that revealed fears in patients.

WOMEN'S EMPOWERMENT AND THE QUEST FOR IDENTITY IN ANITA NAIR'S LADIES COUPE

Anita Nair was a realistic writer who depicted people's real-life situations in her novels, and she was a unique writer with enormous proficiency in creating more fascinating novels. Anita Nair vividly conveyed the sorrows and frustrations of women in society. In a patriarchal society, the difficult challenge for a woman was to discover her identity and equip herself with the necessary skills and qualities. Anita Nair's work Ladies Coupe depicted six female characters and their life stories. Akhila, the protagonist of this story, travelled by train to attain independence and to discover her individuality. This novel not only dealt with subjects such as Women's Empowerment, Quest for Identity, Women's Sufferings, and so on, but it also expressed the characters' inner thoughts and mental psyche. Akhila began her journey in this story by pondering whether a woman needed a man to be happy or if she could be happy as a single woman. She took a train to Kanyakumari and had the opportunity to travel with five other women in the compartment, and she was able to come to a conclusion after hearing their stories. This Research paper examines the good characteristics of women who have overcome adversity in their lives. It also shows how women empower themselves as capable people in society and begin to find themselves and establish a strong identity in society.

Gender and Animals in Elif Şafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World Novel

This article examines the representation of the 20th-century Turkish patriarchal system in Elif Șafak’s 10 Minutes 38 Seconds in this Strange World (2019) novel. It also evaluates how the novel describes the sufferings and the resistance towards oppression through the portrayal of animals subtly linked to gender issues. The approach used in this research is qualitative and presented in descriptive form. The data is collected through phrases referring to animals supporting or resisting the patriarchal authority. This study was framed by the animal metaphor theory and theory of the patriarchal structures proposed by Sylvia Walby (1990). The result of the study discovered that Elif Șafak uses five animal expressions to represent women's sufferings, powerlessness, and lack of freedom, such as wild animal, ram and lamb, pigeon, duck, and rabbits. Contrary, the superior position of men is represented by the mosquito. On the other hand, the wolf is the only animal metaphor that expresses society's opposition to patriarchal power. Meanwhile, bird and butterfly serve as symbols of freedom. However, this study also discovered that there are six animal metaphors formulated against the system that are also subject to oppression and exploitation, such as cat, deer, blue betta fish, horse, turtle, and spider. All in all, almost all the characters depicted as animals in the novel are victims of the 20th-century Turkish patriarchal system and gender issues covering all six aspects of Walby's theory.

Experiencing the Impacts of Climate Change-Induced Salinity by Women in Coastal Region of Bangladesh

This paper aims to understand the impact of salinity on women in coastal areas of Bangladesh. While there is ample information on the impact of climate change on coastal areas in Bangladesh, the literature shows that there is hardly any information on the impact of climate-induced salinity on women. This study is an attempt to fill this gap. An in-depth interview method was applied to collect primary data from a salinity prone coastal region in Satkhira District of Bangladesh. The study shows that salinity affects the women and girls in many ways. The impacts of salinity on women include the unattractiveness of women and girls due to the loss of hair and skin color, the increased burden of work due to water collection far from homes, unable to attend school by girls, the sufferings of women from various diseases, health and hygiene problem, and early child marriage. The consequences of the impacts of salinity on women lead to domestic violence, increased rate of divorce, increased number of female-headed households, and increased poverty due to limited sources of livelihoods. Overall, the adverse impacts of salinity on women make them more vulnerable socially and financially. The policy implications of this study may include the increased awareness of males about the impacts of salinity on women, appropriate institutional arrangements by the government including the adoption of policies and plans incorporating the issues faced by the women due to increasing salinity. It is expected that this study will not only be useful to policymakers in Bangladesh but also to other countries with similar contexts.

Violence, Vulnerability, and Resilience in <i>Do You Remember Kunan Poshpora</i>

Narratives that take shape against the backdrop of political flashpoints such as Kashmir, represent women occupying an ambivalent space where appropriation and resistance exist simultaneously. While their resistance against oppression evokes a sense of surprise and admiration, their passive appropriation within power hegemonies creates a sense of despondency and despair. A Kashmiri woman has shown great amount of resilience in fighting the atrocities in life. The brutal fate to which she is accustomed makes her stronger and more independent. Be it an individual political representative, a half widow, or a rape survivor, a Kashmiri woman who has attempted to give voice to her trauma through various media, has always been perceived as a victim. She bears the brunt of violence both from within and outside the state and becomes the site of violence and its absorption at the same time. This paper uses Suniya S. Luthar’s and Dante Cicchetti’s idea of “resilience as a two-dimensional construct concerning the exposure of adversity and the positive adjustment outcomes of that adversity” as a critical gaze to analyze Do You Remember Kunan Poshpora by Esrar Batool, Ifra Butt, et al. in order to foreground and deconstruct this double victimhood of Kashmiri woman. The paper attempts to find how a Kashmiri woman suffers and at the same time shows positive resilience in the face of adversity and loss.

Khaled Hosseini's women as modern archetypes: A study of obedient, resistant and empowered Afghan women.

This article focuses on Khaled Hosseini's use of the analogy of women as obedient, resistant, and empowered as modern archetypes who learn of the gendered oppression that works through their bodies. Khaled Hosseini, through his writings, lends voice and offers moral encouragement to women by crafting resistant, rebellious, empowered, and strong female characters. With theoretical support from Johnson's Patriarchal Terrorism and Spivak's Can the subaltern speak, this article traces how Hosseini interrogates the patriarchal hierarchies that encompass women's identity in Afghanistan. Women's sufferings correlate with the country's overall circumstances, particularly during and after the war, on the terror regime. Therefore, women's endurance and Afghanistan's endurance amid hostile and oppressive circumstances become equally imperative for Hosseini's works. This article finds that Hosseini correlates Afghan women's issues like tradition and modernity, women and Islam, mother and daughter relationship, resistance and rebellion, and their quest for change and empowerment with the war on terror, foreign invasions, and the rule of the Taliban in Afghanistan.

A Study to assess the menopausal problems among postmenopausal women residing in selected rural and urban areas of Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana

Menopause is one of the most crucial phase of women’s life and can be influenced by various socio demographical factors including age, educational status, age at menarche, smoking status etc. It is the permanent cessation of menstruation for at least 12 consecutive months. Women face lots of menopausal problems (physical, psychological, urogenital etc.) during postmenopausal phase. Thus, the present study mainly focuses on menopausal problems among postmenopausal women in selected rural and urban areas of Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana. Objectives: To assess the menopausal problems among postmenopausal women and to find out the association between menopausal problems and demographic variables. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study design was adopted for the current study. The study was conducted at selected rural and urban areas at Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana. The non-probability convenient sampling technique was used. 100 menopausal women residing in selected rural and urban areas were recruited for the study. The study included women who have attained menopause, who understand Hindi, English and designated language, who are residents of rural and urban areas of Jagadhri, Yamuna Nagar and the study excluded women who are not willing to participate and having any major medical disorder. Self-structured rating scale was used to assess the menopausal problems. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 16. Results: The study findings show that, majority (59%) of respondents had mild menopausal problems, 41% had moderate menopausal problems and none of woman had severe menopausal problems. It is found that there is significant association between menopause attained and menopausal problems of respondents at 0.05 levels with chi square values (13.394) and p-value (0.000). Conclusion: It is concluded that most of the women were having mild menopausal problems. There is need to provide nursing education, health education programme and awareness to handle the menopausal problems and to ease the sufferings of women.

Goodluck Jonathan, The Champion of Women in the Contemporary Nigeria, 2010-2015: An Appraisal

The meteoric ascendency of Dr. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan to the office of the number one citizen of Nigeria is not just seen by many as providential but could be also termed as a journey of grace. The Goodluck Jonathan’s led administration spanned from 2010 to 2015. He was elected as the 7th democratic president of Nigeria in 2011 general/ Presidential election for a four year tenure which ended in 2015 and in which he failed the bid to be reelected. The administration of President Goodluck Jonathan was characterized or bedeviled by severe criticism, a development which contributed largely to his exit in 2015 after just a tenure in office. These criticisms were apparently predicated on a number of pertinent national issues which were economic, socio-political and even religious in nature. The worst being the inability of the government to combat the upsurge in Boko Haram menace, their failure to rescue the alleged abducted Chibok Girls as well as massive cases of corruption among top public office holders and the presumed laissez-faire attitude of the president in addressing the ugly development. In spite of these avalanche of criticisms however, one major area of interest in which the Jonathan’s administration was greatly commended even by the international community was on women empowerment. The administration was adjudged to have performed well above international average of 20%, and it is in view of this that the idea behind this paper is conceived, to appraise the effort of the president in enhancing the status of the Nigerian women. Jonathan appointed many women into positions of authorities and provided avenues by which a good number of them were elected into political offices. There was also empowerment programs such as skill acquisitions and micro-credit loan schemes meant to alleviate the sufferings of the ordinary women and put smiles on their faces. Although this administration could not realize the 5% affirmative action plan recommended as benchmark in Beijing, China in 1985, it is however good to know that about 33% of this well above international average was said to have been achieved. These and a few related issues were discoursed in this paper. Feminist theory was adopted as a theoretical framework to explain the gender based discrimination against women and therefore focuses on promotion of women’s rights and interests. In view of this, measures that could help to end this unhealthy practices and that can free women from the shackles of age-long domination of men were thus suggested.

The Exploration of Women's Suffering Under Patriarchy in the Work of Waris Dirie's Desert Dawn

The history of the sufferings of a woman is tricky, turbulent but therapeutic as well. Women through the ages has suffered either at the hand of religion or culture. Male dominancy has reduced woman mostly into a second-class denizens of the world. One-half of the human race is still living amidst cruel practices. Is she really so helpless or impotent? In the character of Waris Dirie, we see she is not. Yes, she does become one when she doesn't have an understanding of her strength. She is exploited in the name of patriarchy. She falls prey to certain prejudicial practices ordained by culture or tradition or providence.This research is meant to highlight the travails of Waris Dirie and dispel the impression of a woman being 'an incomplete being' as promoted in a male-identified society.It is time, in the words of Mary Wolston Craft, that a degree of reason, virtue and knowledge should replace outdated cultural practices against women. (Wollstonecraft, 1796).

Sexual Function and Mood Disorders Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Scoping Review

BackgroundChanges in sex hormones during menopause may have detrimental effects on a woman's sexual function and cause mood disorders. The treatment of both conditions is a challenge in gynecology. AimTo review the published literature on sexual function and mood disorders among peri- and postmenopausal women. MethodsThe review is based on the methodological framework of scoping reviews. We searched electronic databases including Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (WoS). Publications that reported data about the relationship between sexual function and mood disorders among menopausal women were included in the review. The search was not subject to any limitation in terms of time or method. OutcomesThe main outcome measures used for the review were sexual dysfunction and mood disorders. ResultsWe found 106 total records. After a full-text screening we included 19 studies from 1986 to 2020 based on various methodologies; the majority of the studies16 were cross-sectional. Investigations that addressed the symptoms of mood disorders and some domains of sexual function showed a close relationship between sexual dysfunction and mood disorders among menopausal women. Clinical implicationsIn clinical practice, it would be appropriate to screen women for at least one mood disorder or sexual dysfunction. If a woman suffers from either, it will be necessary to assess for a further disorder as well. Strengths & LimitationsThe review was based on a detailed search of the published literature concerning mood disorders and sexual dysfunction among menopausal women compared to women of reproductive age. Despite the clinical importance of the subject, the number of studies eligible for inclusion in the review are rather small. Further investigation of the topic is clearly warranted. ConclusionsWhile the association between sexual dysfunction and mood disorders appears to be bidirectional, future studies will have to investigate the specific mechanisms by which sexual dysfunction could lead to mood disorders (or vice versa). Future studies should specifically address sexual dysfunctions and attitudes of partners, BMI, family support, sleep, and multiparity.Azam Rahmani, Elahe Afsharnia, Julia Fedotova, Shirin Shahbazi, Arezoo Fallahi, Leila Allahqoli, Reza GhaneipoklGheshlagh, Sarah Abboud, Ibrahim Alkatout. Sexual Function and Mood Disorders Among Menopausal Women: A Systematic Scoping Review. J Sex Med 2022;19:1098–1115.

Gender, Unemployment, and Subjective Well-Being: Why Do Women Suffer Less from Unemployment than Men?

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that women suffer less from unemployment than men in terms of subjective well-being. However, there is little research that aims to test possible explanations for this gender-specific reaction. We distinguish two different ways in which unemployment reduces well-being, namely the financial and non-financial effects of becoming unemployed. Gender differences in both types could explain the different effects on the well-being of women and men. Using the German Socio-Economic Panel, we analyse why women are less affected by unemployment than men. Applying fixed-effects panel regressions, we find substantially smaller negative effects for women, but this can only to a small extent be explained by different financial effects. To test the relevance of non-financial effects, we investigate how gender differences vary between subgroups, for which the non-financial effects should differ. Our analyses show that gender differences are more pronounced both among people who were socialized in West Germany compared to East Germany and among parents compared to singles. Moreover, differences in labour market attachment prior to the transition to unemployment explain a large share of the gender gap. These findings support the assumption that non-financial effects are responsible for the weaker consequences of unemployment among women.

Defining urge as an uncontrolled micturition explains pathogenesis, informs cure and helps solve the burgeoning OAB crisis.

BackgroundParallel with the demographic ageing crisis, is a disabling overactive bladder (OAB) crisis (urgency/frequency/nocturia), 30% prevalence in older women, pathogenesis stated as unknown and, according to some learned societies, incurable.Hypothesis/AimsTo review International Continence Society and Integral System paradigms to test our thesis that OAB per se is not a pathological condition, rather, a prematurely activated uncontrolled micturition; pathogenesis being anatomical damage in a nonlinear feedback control system comprising cortical and peripheral (muscle/ligament) components.MethodsWe examined studies from basic science, anatomy, urodynamics, ultrasonic and video xrays, ligament repairs, from which we created a nonlinear binary model of bladder function. We applied a Chaos Theory feedback equation, Xnext = Xc(1 − X) to test our hypothesis against existing concepts and hypotheses for OAB pathogenesis.ResultsThe bladder has ONLY two modes, EITHER closed OR open (micturition). Closure is reflexly controlled cortically and peripherally: muscles contracting against ligaments stretch the vagina to suppress afferent signals to micturate from urothelial stretch receptors. “OAB” can be caused by anatomical damage anywhere in the model, by childbirth or age‐weakened ligaments, which can be repaired to cure all three OAB symptoms. Urodynamic “DO” graphs are interpreted anatomically and by the feedback equation.ConclusionOAB is in crisis. Our thesis of OAB as an uncontrolled micturition from anatomical defects in the bladder control system provides fresh directions for further development of new treatments, nonsurgical and surgical, to help break the crisis and bring hope and cure to 600 million women sufferers.

Methods for assessing insulin resistance in gestational diabetes mellitus

Among all endocrine diseases complicating pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus (GSD) is the most common. Th is violation of carbohydrate metabolism poses a serious threat to the health of the mother and fetus, associated with a high risk of perinatal complications. At the same time, the eff ective achievement of normoglycemia in a woman suff ering from GSD can signifi cantly improve the prognosis. Th e choice of GSD therapy depends on a number of factors and is decided individually in each case. One of the factors determining the eff ectiveness of non-drug therapy and the need for pharmacological correction may be related to the pathophysiological aspects of the formation of hyperglycemia during pregnancy. Currently, they talk about the heterogeneity of GSD and distinguish its various subtypes depending on the predominance of pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance (IR) or a combination of these factors in the pathogenesis. Since the prevailing criterion for the verifi cation of GSD subtypes is the presence and severity of IR, various methods of its verifi cation are considered in this review. It is shown that the currently available methods for detecting IR have a number of disadvantages, consisting both in the complexity and complexity of implementation (hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp) and in the absence of clear reference intervals (mathematical models). It is necessary to continue research aimed at studying IR methods for the subsequent identifi cation of GSD subtypes.

In National Collegiate Athletic Association Men’s and Women’s Soccer Athletes There Is a Low Rate of Lumbar Spine Injury, Women Suffer More Recurrent Injuries than Men, and Most Injuries Occur in the Preseason

PurposeTo use the National Collegiate Athletic Association Injury Surveillance Program (NCAA-ISP) from the 2009-2010 through the 2014-2015 seasons to report lumbar spine injury rates, characteristics, and time lost from sport in soccer players.MethodsCharacteristics of lumbar spine injuries by season, competition/practice, and time lost from sport were determined using the NCAA-ISP database. Rates of injury were calculated as the number of injuries divided by the number of athlete exposures (AEs). AEs are any athlete participation in a competition or practice. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare rates between event types and time of season. Injury proportion ratios (IPRs) were used to evaluate differences in injury rates between men and women.ResultsThe NCAA-ISP estimated 4,464 LSIs over 5 years. The rate of LSI in men was 2.1/10,000 AEs and 3.0/10,000 AEs in women. Women were 1.43 times more likely to suffer an LSI compared to men. Women were 2.15 times as likely to suffer an LSI in competition compared to in practice while men were 1.10 times as likely. Women were 2.15 times as likely to be injured in the preseason compared to the regular season, while men were 3.76 times as likely. Non-contact injuries were the most common cause of lumbar spine injuries (LSIs) in men (35%); however, contact injuries were more common in women (33%). Most athletes both male (57%) and female (59%) returned to play within 24 hours.ConclusionThis study provides information on the characteristics of LSIs in NCAA soccer. The overall injury rate to the lumbar spine is relatively low. Injury rates are highest in the preseason and in competition. Women suffer from more recurrent LSI’s than men, and men acquired more injuries through non-contact mechanisms. More than one-half of athletes returned to sport within 24 hours.

SOME MODERN PROBLEMS OF COUNTERACTING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

Counteracting domestic violence is today one of the most important areas of social development. It is seen not only as a social problem, but primarily as a problem of protecting human rights and, above all, the rights of women, requires the development of appropriate legal means of solving it. When violence is committed in the family, the rights and freedoms of a particular person are violated, and through the capabilities of the aggressor and the victim, the latter’s self-defense is complicated, which requires intervention from the state and society. According to the data provided by the World Health Organization, one in six women has experienced domestic violence. According to the same data, this problem is more acute for economically underdeveloped countries, while women in these countries are more likely to recognize such violence against themselves as justified. Thus, the percentage of women who reported that they had been subjected to violence by their family members at least once in their life varies from 15% in Japan to 71% in Ethiopia. According to other sources, the level of domestic violence against women is about 23% in Sweden, 4% in Japan and Serbia, 30–54% in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Peru and Tanzania. In the United States, a woman suffers from physical violence every 18 minutes. According to statistics, 62% of the murders of women were committed by their husbands. In Peru, 70% of all reported crimes are domestic violence. Sexual violence is widespread – in Canada, New Zealand, the United States and the United Kingdom, every sixth woman has been raped. The adoption of special legislation and its introduction into the practice of the activities of authorized state bodies makes it possible to gradually eradicate these negative social traditions. International information exchange between scientists, law enforcement officials, social workers contributes to the spread of international experience in the Ukrainian legal system. In addition, Ukraine, in the course of the formation of national legislation, studies and adapts the provisions of international human rights standards, including on combating domestic violence.

Potential Use of Saraca Asoca in the Management of Artavadushti w.s.r. to Menstrual Disorders in Modern Era

Progress of a family depends on health of women in the family because she is the only creature who has amazing power of creation. A woman suffers from various menstrual disorders (Artavadushti) in her life span. Ashoka (Saraca indica or Saraca asoca (Roxb.), belonging to the family Caesalpinioideae, is one of the most important herb extensively used in bleeding disorders in women throughout her active reproductive period. Ashoka means no grief in Sanskrit language. So it is also called as “friend of women” because it has reputation of its bark for retaining a woman healthy and youthful. Chemically, it contains glycosides, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. Its actions are spasmogenic, uterotonic, oxytocic, antibacterial, antit-umour, anti-implantations, anti-progestational and anti-estrogenic to fight against menorrhagia, leucorrhoea and anticancer. In view of these properties and also its Rasa, Guna, Veerya, Vipaka it can be used in the treatment of bleeding gynaecological diseases.

Arab Women as Voiceless Entities in Arab Women Literature: A Study of Al-Shaykh’s The Story of Zahra

This paper aims to shed light on the miserableness, ill-being, and sufferings of the Arab women in the Arab man-dominated communities as represented in Al-Shaykh’s The Story of Zahra. It aims to expose the Arab men’s view of the Arab women who are perceived not as equal partners but as objects of physical pleasure created to fulfill their sexual desires. The main argument in this paper is meant to unveil the gruesome face of the Arab’s view about their women. It argues that for the Arab women to lead a normal life full of love, peace, respect, and tolerance like their counterparts all over the world, they have to get rid of their inner chains and some social man-made taboos have to be questioned and challenged. This is the basic assumption of this paper. For women be seen as independent and visible entities, their needs must be met and their voices must be heard and both women and men should collaborate to achieve a reformed nationalism free of male dominance. Instead of being viewed as passive victims of male-dominated societies, Arab women must be treated as unique persons with all of their complexities. Besides, the author criticizes the Arab society for the meaning and practice of social discrimination and inequality against women not only in the whole community but also within the same family (male and female).

Literatur Review : Pengembangan Biskuit Ubi Jalar, Sebagai Solusi KEK Pada Ibu Hamil.

<em>Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) is a condition in which a pregnant woman suffers from a lack of food intake that lasts for a long time (chronic or chronic) which results in health problems, so that an increase in nutrient requirements during pregnancy cannot be fulfilled. Pregnant women who suffer from KEK have a risk of sudden maternal death during the perinatal period or the risk of giving birth to a baby with low birth weight (LBW). In Puskesmas Lebak Regency in 2016 to 2018 the number of CED pregnant women amounted to 4,615 people, increasing in 2017 to 4,758 people and in 2018 there were 8,659 people. The purpose of this study is to help the existing problems in the community so that every year pregnant women who lack chronic energy do not increase, making biscuits from purple sweet potatoes can be consumed by CED pregnant women and women throughout the life cycle. Along with the human need to improve nutrition, and to use local food, the community is increased to consume purple sweet potato biscuits as an additional food supplement. The ingredients for making purple sweet potato biscuits are used, namely: Purple Sweet Potato Flour, milk, flour, eggs, sugar and butter. It is recommended for pregnant women to consume purple sweet potato biscuits a maximum of 8 pieces per day to meet additional nutritional needs, to prevent stunting in newborns due to CED.</em>

Psychological and Sexual Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: Are Women Suffering More?

IntroductionPsychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic include pandemic triggered feelings of fear, uncertainty, and anxiety added to the effects of restricting the population's activities in lockdown.AimWe aimed to study the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on sexual satisfaction of females and males in Egypt and to evaluate possible predictive factors.MethodsMarried men and females in Egypt were invited to respond to an online questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed medical history, socioeconomic status, sexual performance satisfaction before and during the lockdown in addition to validated Arabic questionnaires for depression, sexual function in males and females, and sexual satisfaction (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Female Sexual Function Index, International Index of Erectile Function-5, Index of Sexual Satisfaction, respectively).Main outcome measureThe main outcome measures were frequency of depression, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, and sexual satisfaction in males and females during COVID-19 lockdown.ResultsA total of 479 females and 217 males completed the questionnaire. Sexual satisfaction was significantly higher before (91.2%, 73.5%) than during lockdown (70.5%, 56.2%) in both males and females, respectively. During lockdown, significantly more males (70.5%) reported being satisfied with their sexual performance than females (56.2%) (P < .001). More than half of the male subjects (68.2%) had no erectile dysfunction while 97.3% females scored ≤26.5 on the Female Sexual Function Index scale suggestive of sexual difficulties. Sexual stress was significantly greater in females (70.8%) than males (63.1%). Educational level, occupation, anxiety, and erectile dysfunction were independently associated with sexual stress in males. Being a housewife or unemployed, husband's age >35 years, marriage duration of 5-10 years, anxiety, and female sexual dysfunction were predictors of sexual relation stress in females.ConclusionCOVID-19 pandemic was associated with lower sexual satisfaction in both genders. Females however suffered more anxiety and depression and thereby greater risk of sexual function difficulties and sexual dissatisfaction. Intervention strategies in order to lessen the suffering of affected individuals particularly after the pandemic are recommended.Omar SS, Dawood W, Eid N, et al. Psychological and Sexual Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Egypt: Are Women Suffering More. Sex Med 2021;9:100295.