Social Status Of Women Research Articles

Impact of fundamentalism on human capital, women's social status and demographics: Evidence from Islamic state of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in Iraq

I analyze the impact of the religious fundamentalists’ rule on regional human capital development and women's social status by exploiting the unexpected rise and fall of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) in northwestern Iraq (2014∼2017). I find a large downward impact of exposure to ISIS rule on female human capital and an upward one on fertility rate for women who were school-aged at the time of ISIS occupation. These women express more patriarchal family norms and are more likely to belong to a polygamous union, implying a decline in women's social status. This decline in human capital and the rise of patriarchal family norms doesn't cause a significant negative impact on the development of their pre-school-aged children, possibly implying that these women didn't decrease parenting effort for their children. In summary, even a brief period of extremist rule has potentially large impacts on human capital development and culture.

Who dominates? Multiple constructions of women's subjective social status and their cohort dynamics in transitional China

The way women construct their subjective social status has garnered significant attention. However, the roles of husbands and fathers in this process have been underexplored, with even less focus on how these roles have evolved across generations. This study aims to answer two important questions against the backdrop: First, which is the most dominant factor in shaping married women's subjective social status, their own objective class or those of their husband or father? Answers to this question reveal the impacts of assortative mating and intergenerational mobility. Second, how does the construction pattern change across birth cohorts? Cohort dynamics help reflect the evolution of gender roles and family values in China. Using pooled data from the Chinese General Social Survey in 2010–2017 and the diagonal reference model, our study finds that Chinese married women previously tended to construct their own social status based on the objective class of their husbands. However, this trend is reversed for younger cohorts. Father's objective class status carries roughly the same weight as women's own, but its impact becomes moderately stronger in younger cohorts. Taken together, the above findings reveal a unique pathway of family modernization in transitional China. Married women, although increasingly independent of their spouses, still remain closely connected with their natal families.

The midwifery capabilities theory: How midwives enact woman‐centered care to address systemic inequity

AbstractBackgroundHealthcare for childbearing women with complex needs demands a multi‐disciplinary approach requiring transitions between care providers, paradigms, and models of care. These transitions may create disconnects between women and the maternity care “system.” Poorly managed care transitions can lead to women becoming hostage to the power struggles between healthcare organizations and the professionals working within them, further increasing the risk of poor outcomes. This paper presents the findings of a study that aimed to better understand how midwives provide woman‐centered care for women with complex needs in the real world of maternity services.MethodsA constructivist grounded theory approach, using Clarke's situational analysis to extend critical and feminist perspectives in data analysis. Qualitative data were obtained from two sources: publicly available data, and individual interviews with providers of care (midwives) and recipients of care (women with complex pregnancies).ResultsWoman‐centered care is defined as care in which the woman is seen, heard, and known. “The midwifery capabilities theory” describes the process whereby midwives create opportunities to develop women's capabilities. Capabilities are enabled through the midwifery relationship creating space, moments in time, and equalizing power and positionality.ConclusionsAligning with contemporary theories surrounding the provision of midwifery care, the midwifery capabilities theory recognizes the individual health and social status of women and the rights to self‐determination. This centers care around each individual's needs, which, in addition to improving health and well‐being outcomes, contributes to improved self‐confidence, enhancing engagement through authentic professional relationships.

Education and Gender Equality: Pathways to the Realization of Womens Rights

Education is a universally acknowledged instrument for achieving social equity and economic development. Nevertheless, gender inequality persists in numerous regions, impeding womens and girls access to education and their involvement in society. The research presented in this paper examines the potential of education to facilitate positive change for women, with the aim of improving gender equality and womens rights. Based on the theories of gender empowerment and educational equity, the paper delves into how the level and quality of education affect the economic and social status of women around the world by drawing on a range of sources, including peer-reviewed essays, global reports, and case studies from different countries, and the current situation and future trends are presented in as much detail as possible. The results show that though the proportion of females in education is increasing globally, the difficulty of obtaining a good education for both males and females still increases the difficulty of achieving gender equality. Different socio-economic conditions, different cultural backgrounds, and national policies play an important role in female education. Therefore, this paper posits that further measures could be taken to improve the current situation of gender equality, such as eliminating the factors that hinder womens academic success through targeted education policies and more funding for female education. In addition, the results indicate the importance of education in achieving gender equality.

Deep Disorder! Revisiting Gender, Health and Social Justice in Dharavi Slum, Bombay

This essay builds on an ethnographic framework of the Dharavi slum in Bombay during the COVID-times. It explores, further, health and social conditions of women, their vulnerabilities and violence-inflicted lives, economic deprivation and mental health conditions. This article, further, builds together community sense of feeling, community spaces as a way to social justice, arguing the phenomenology of resilience in seeking social, emotional and other means of mutual support that they experience in attempts to alleviate their health-led challenges and varied conditions of vulnerabilities. Also, arguing further, the essay captures a people-centred analyses to global health, seeking further in calling for the meaning to ‘health’ as transferring the diagnostic or standardized model of a politicized biology to shifting, discursive configurations to well-being.

Antenatal Care Visits, Institutional Births, and Associated Risk Factors in Afghanistan: Insights from the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey 2022-2023.

Insufficient use of antenatal care (ANC) services and institutional births services can elevate the maternal mortality risk in limited resource settings. Hence, the key objective of this study was to evaluate the potential association between the frequency of ANC visits and institutional birth services in Afghanistan, while also identifying other sociodemographic factors that may exert influence. Furthermore, we explored factors associated with the attendance of women at ANC visits during their pregnancy. We employed data from the most recent Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey conducted in Afghanistan in 2022 to 2023 with a total of 8096 women aged 15 to 49. A complex survey weight-adjusted logistic regression model was used to examine factors related to institutional births, and a multinomial logistic regression model was fitted to assess the relationships between sociodemographic factors and ANC visits, adjusting for survey weights, cluster effects, and strata. Approximately 40% of the sample (n = 3247) had undergone 4 or more ANC visits, and 74.4% (n = 6,022) had opted for institutional birth. Women's higher education was found to be associated with ANC visits. The area of residence, wealth index, education levels of women, ownership of mobile phones, number of children, and number of ANC visits were associated with institutional births. Compared with women with no or one ANC visit, those with more than 3 visits had 31% higher odds (adjusted odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.10-1.57) of accessing institutional births. Our findings indicate a significant association between ANC visits and use of institutional birth care. These findings carry implications for advancing safe motherhood and childbirth by enhancing women's social status.

Проблема перехода иноверцев Российской империи в православие во второй половине XIX века по публицистическим источникам на примере М. К. Кабановой и Е. В. Мелковой

The article is devoted to the problem of the conversion of non-believers of the Russian Empire to the Orthodox faith in the second half of the XIX century. These gentiles had to resist their society in particular, their families, or break social ties. Based on journalistic sources, the author reconstructs the activities of Maria Kosminichna Kabanova and Ekaterina Vasilyevna Melkova, who show examples of individual missionary service of women carried out in the 1870s-1890s in the Orenburg and Samara dioceses, respectively. The article highlights the ways in which missionaries carried out their activities and examines the features of their interaction with the structure of the Orthodox Missionary Society. Basing on the example of the missionaries’ service it is noted how important it was for the Russian Orthodox Church to organize shelters for the newly converted orthodox people so that they could safely establish in their faith. Because of this, the emphasis is put on the fact that the shelters created by the missionaries were not an artificial phenomenon, but arose in response to an existing need. M. K. Kabanova and E. V. Melkova indicated with the help of their service, which occurred at the same time, certain changes which took place in the society because of the Great Reforms. It is seen both through the tendency of the people to acquire the desire to serve the Church and the mission and through the newly opened possibility to change their social status of women.

Media coverage of the impact of the war on gender segregation in the Ukrainian labor market

The article aims to outline the trends of gender professional segregation occurring in Ukraine during the military conflict. Materials and Methods. The research was carried out with the use of qualitative methods. A content analysis was chosen for this study. The material consists of online textual publications, which include interviews with managers, specialists, and employees of the State Employment Center. It also includes interviews in which women residing on the territory of Ukraine share their experiences of employment and work during the war. Results and Discussion. In Ukraine today, two factors operate in parallel. On the one hand, there is an urgent need to fill vacancies in professions that have traditionally been dominated by men. On the other hand, the financial situation of women is on the decline. Women are forced to rethink their gender identity in the family and in society because of financial difficulties and their inability to guarantee a minimum of financial stability for themselves and their families. This leads them to be willing to accept jobs with working conditions that are particularly harmful and difficult. Employment opportunities for women are increasing due to differentiated demand, which contributes to the reduction of horizontal gender segregation. One factor that impedes this process is the demand for professions traditionally considered women’s domains, which do not require basic skills, and for which demand increased during the war. These professions are mainly related to manufacturing and working specialties. Given that educated and skilled women occupy blue-collar jobs, we can expect vertical segregation to intensify during wartime, when gender differences are manifested in positions and roles with differing status or potential for advancement. In the area of state gender policy, Ukraine has business development initiatives that reduce the gender gap in women’s access to assets and capital to invest in profitable entrepreneurial industries. However, these initiatives only involve a limited number of women and cannot be associated with radical gender changes in society. At the same time, the positive aspects of reducing horizontal gender segregation observed in Ukraine during wartime may be negated by the lack of or insufficient incentives for the development of preschool education. Thus, there are few effective levers to overcome gender segregation in Ukraine in the short and medium term. Achieving gender equality in the labor market is practically declaratory. Conclusions. In the context of the wartime crisis, gender segregation is a significant issue with negative consequences. A market specifically for women’s labor is emerging, and the social status of women’s work is declining compared to pre-war times. This situation may reinforce societal stereotypes that view men as more suitable for leadership positions, potentially decreasing women’s motivation and career aspirations.

Social and Pedagogical Structure of Personality and the Mature Women’s Posture Characteristics.

Topicality. The issue of preserving the mature women health is a global one. Sientific knowledge, represented in a research studies on problems related to health, reflects the understanding of the latter in the plane of the human body spatial organization, taking into account the reality of the new millennium. Scholars note that the highest rate of morbidity amid diseases of the circulatory system, the second place is occupied by diseases of the musculoskeletal system. The reserch purpose is to determine the socio-pedagogical structure of the personality and the most frequent violations of the womens` posture aged 36-40. The following research methods as theoretical analysis, photography and posture analysis, pedagogical and mathematical methods have been used over the study. The research results. The vast majority of women, namely 81.81%, taking part in the ascertainment experiment, have a diploma of higher education, 31.81% of women have officially married, 31.81% are in a civil marriage, 27.29% have divorced, 9.09% have never married. By social status, women were distributed as follows: 27.26% are employees of commercial structures, 22.74% are private entrepreneurs, 27.26% are office workers and 22.74% – housewives. Considering the social status of women with their differentiation by age groups, such following data have been obtained: among women aged 36–37, 20.0% are employees of commercial structures, 20.0% are entrepreneurs, 30.0% – office workers, 30.0% – housewives; among women aged 38–40, 33.33% are employees of commercial structures, 25.0% are entrepreneurs, 25.0% are office workers, 16.67% – housewives. Findings. It was found that among women aged 36-37 years, 23.08% demonstrate a healthy type of posture, 38.46% of women have got a scoliotic posture, and 38.46% – a kyphosis type; among women 38-40 years old, 16.67% have a healthy type of posture, 38.88% – a scoliotic posture, and 44.44% – a kyphosis type of posture.

Does Matrilineality Reduce Gender Inequality in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Participation? Some Evidence from Malawi.

This paper reports on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) public participation in Malawi with a focus on the role of women from matrilineal and patrilineal marriage systems. Six rural ESIA projects are explored of which three are in areas of patrilineal and three are in areas of matrilineal systems. Participation space was found to be consistently dominated by men, with no obvious differences between both systems. The key reasons are likely to be lower educational and social status of women in rural areas throughout the country. This is associated with a number of challenges, including chronic poverty and food insecurity. Affirmative action is needed to achieve a better representation of women in ESIA processes.

The social status of women in China: Analysis based on age, period, and cohort effects

The social status of women in China: Analysis based on age, period, and cohort effects

THE SOCIAL STATUS OF GREEK WOMEN IN THE HELLENISTIC ERA (ATHENS AS AN EXAMPLE)

When the situation in Greece shanged the beginning of the Hellenistic era, the city-state system has fallen, and the transformation of cities and their residents into the status of subordination to the great political powers of that time. Athens maintained some independence, which had an impact on the family and community. Women in the Hellenistic era, especially Athenian women, suffered from some unjust laws that were enacted by the famous legislator and politician Demetrius of Phalerum, which had a bad impact on the social status of women. However, these laws were soon repealed, and women relatively regained some of their independence. The research focuses on the problems of Greek women in Athens and the Greek world, including education, which is one of the important topics. The extent of freedom they enjoyed and the prominent social status that some women obtained, while showing examples of women who distinguished themselves in various social fields. The research paper also presents some social and economic problems for Greek women in general in the Hellenistic era, as well as the problem of population and wars and their impact. The status of Athenian women compared to the status of women throughout the Hellenistic world

Perspective from Literature and Art on Women's Social Status and Ancestral Role in Pre-Buddhist and Buddhist Era

Since women are an integral and prime part of society, their role has been of key importance in shaping society. Women have been discussed in various roles and positions in the Indo-Pak subcontinent's ancient times and were later depicted in art. Buddha thought that Women were considered equal to men in their contribution to society and could attain Nirvana to become a member of the sangha or bhikkhuni as well. Using descriptive research methods, this research analyses the ancient literary sources on Buddhist society and how it is intertwined with the Buddhist art of Gandhāra to identify women's various roles – pre-wedding and post-wedding familial standing. Based on academia's diverse opinions, this study explores Buddhist attitudes towards women in a historical context with a re-appraisal of discovered sources so that continuity can be traced. It is found that in the Buddhist period, the status of women improved educationally, religiously, and socially.

Research on Marketing Strategies Targeting the Consumer Behavior of Female Consumer Groups

The study of women's consumer behavior has become one of the hot spots in the field of marketing. As women's social status, economic independence and purchasing power have increased, their needs and preferences for products and services have changed significantly. This paper explores the key factors influencing women's consumption behavior through a comprehensive literature review and analysis. First, increased economic independence has made women an important consumer group that pays more attention to value and quality and is willing to pay higher prices to meet individualized needs. Second, social changes and cultural concepts have caused women to re-examine the definition of traditional gender roles, and they pursue self-expression, self-fulfilment and self-care, thus shaping their behavior and choices in the consumption process. In addition, personal values, interests and social influences also play an important role in women's consumption behavior. Finally, companies should understand and adapt to these changes to meet the needs of female consumers by offering personalized products, innovative marketing strategies, and positive brand communication. The study of women's consumer behavior is important for companies to achieve competitive advantage in the marketplace, as women consumers have become a huge and promising market.

Cultural Traditions and Women's Empowerment: A Closer Look at Southern Thailand

This abstract is a succinct summary of the current situation of Muslim women in Southern Thailand, focusing on significant socio-economic, educational, and cultural factors that influence their experiences. The geographical area, distinguished by its distinct combination of cultural variety and intricate historical circumstances, offers a sophisticated framework for comprehending the various encounters of Muslim women. The socio-economic landscape plays a pivotal role in influencing the status of Muslim women in Southern Thailand. Factors such as access to employment opportunities, income disparities, and economic development significantly impact their empowerment and overall well-being. Moreover, the intersectionality of gender with other identities, such as ethnicity and religion, adds layers of complexity to their experiences. Education influences Muslim women's social status in the region. Increasing education access and quality empowers women, promotes social mobility, and challenges gender stereotypes. Discrepancies in educational goals, limited options for higher education, and cultural barriers to educational advancement persist. Cultural norms and traditions define Southern Thai Muslim women's duties. Cultural values foster identification and community, but they can also perpetuate gender inequality. When traditional values oppose gender equality, cultural preservation, and gender equality are in conflict. This abstract seeks to offer insight into Muslim women's intricate and dynamic situation in Southern Thailand, appreciating the advancements achieved while admitting the enduring obstacles. To thoroughly understand individuals' experiences, it is necessary to conduct a complete analysis that examines the complex interactions among socio-economic conditions, educational possibilities, and cultural dynamics. Such an analysis is crucial for fostering educated conversations on gender equity and regional social development.

Discussing The White-Haired Girl Opera and Ballet from the Perspective of Female Characters

The scope of this dissertation is to study the female protagonist, Hei'er, in the White Hairy Maiden Opera and Ballet and to exemplify the historical context of the White Hairy Maiden Opera and Ballet and the characteristics of the status of women in this era. The purpose of the research is to draw the characteristics of the era of the female characters in Bai Mao Nü in relation to the female lead's plot and the women's characteristics of the era in the context of Chinese history. The writing process of the thesis is firstly to find the tableaux and scores of the White Hairy Woman's operas and dance dramas in Chinese websites for reading and to collect the literature related to the White Hairy Woman's operas and dance dramas, and to collect the literature on the historical background of China and the status of women in the period of the 1940s to the 1970s. Secondly, I set out a framework for the thesis, matched and categorised the collected literature with the framework, and wrote the thesis; finally, I revised the final version and submitted the course thesis. My research found that the female drama of the White Hairy Daughter opera and ballet fully embodies the unequal gender treatment and social status of women in 1940s China. This work of White Hair Woman also portrays a more vivid image of Chinese women in the 1940s. However, the limitation of this thesis is that this thesis discusses the character lines and the related historical background from the score of White Hairy Woman, but it is difficult to find the literature that elaborates on the music of White Hairy Woman, and almost all of them focus on the content of White Hairy Woman's textual plot. The reason why the authors have some difficulty in discussing the musical score examples and the women's period characteristics is because there is very little literature that can help the authors to provide good ideas for their analyses. The final conclusion is that the female zeitgeist after the 1940s has given the female role of the White-haired Woman a deeper historical significance, and has provided scholars studying the White-haired Woman's operas and ballets with a new interpretation of female perspectives. It is also enough to show that White Hairy Woman is not only a successful musical theatre in 20th century China, but also a female theatre work that can promote Chinese women to gradually weaken sexism.

The Influence of Confucian Cultural Values on the Social Roles of Contemporary Chinese, Japanese, and Korean Women

The background of the research is based on the problems and dilemmas faced by women in modern East Asian society. The research investigated how Confuciuss thoughts put social constraints on women in China, Japan, and South Korea because of their gender through the content of the books and the derived meaning of folk while looking at the ideological transformation of women in society to resist these regulations. People in those societies are often disciplined by thousands of years of traditional etiquette, hence the conflict between self-consciousness and cultural oppression brought about by Confucianism becomes an important topic among East Asian scholars. The paper aims to show how the Confucius norms build on the fixed gender role in different ways and analyze the social oppression of East Asian women, with the resistance and struggle that women are making in these countries. Hence a better understanding of the progress of women's rights in East Asian countries and the role of women in society. The significance of the paper is that it makes up the research gap on how Confucian culture oppresses women's social status and uses realistic scenes while demonstrating the transformation of women's self-consciousness under these regulations in a chronological sequence.

21세기 중국 가극 속 여성의 이미지 연구

In 21st-century China, amidst the trend of internationalization, Chinese opera has been narrating various themes relevant to the contemporary context. This study aims to explore both the differences and similarities between the portrayal of women in 21st-century Chinese opera and the traditional female image of the past. Chinese opera is categorized into three thematic categories: 'Red Revolution', 'Traditional Legend', and 'Reality and Women's Love'. This study analyzes the formation of heroine roles and the status and functions of women within these themes. The conclusions of the study are as follows: First, while the representation of females in 21st-century Chinese opera often adheres to established archetypes, it also explores a variety of expressive possibilities. Second, the social status of women is intricately linked to their depiction in opera, where women are not only performers but also creators. Third, a distinctive characteristic of Chinese opera is the creation of new female characters, diverging from traditional portrayals. Through these roles, Chinese opera delves into social issues and values, significantly influencing the empowerment and development of women's identity and inner strength in this century.

KEBIJAKAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN DI NEGERI SULI: TINJAUAN TERHADAP PERAN PEREMPUAN DALAM PEMBANGUNAN LOKAL

Empowerment of women has become a significant topic on both the global and national development agendas, acknowledging the crucial contributions women can make to the development process. This article aims to examine and evaluate the women's empowerment policies implemented in Negeri Suli, a region in Central Maluku, Indonesia. This study employs a qualitative approach involving interviews with policy stakeholders, community leaders, and women participating in empowerment programs. We also analyze policy documents and relevant data to comprehend the policy's implementation and impact. The research findings reveal that Negeri Suli has adopted several women's empowerment policies, including skills training programs, education initiatives, and improved access to economic resources for women. The study highlights that women's empowerment has yielded positive outcomes for local economic development and an enhancement of women's social status in the region. Women in Negeri Suli are increasingly active in social, economic, and political spheres. Nevertheless, challenges remain, including gender disparities in resource access and opportunities. Furthermore, the sustainability of women's empowerment programs needs to be ensured through long-term commitment from both the government and the local community. This study contributes to understanding the implementation of women's empowerment policies in a local context, with the hope that its findings can serve as valuable considerations for policy improvements in Negeri Suli and similar regions in Indonesia. The conclusions drawn from this research underscore the importance of continually advocating for women as agents of change in the local development process, providing a foundation for further policy discussions on women's empowerment in this area.

Commodifying Gender: A MatFem Perspective on "I Am For Sale, Who Will Buy Me?"

This research investigates the commodification of women in Afghanistan through an in-depth analysis of the anonymous Afghani-authored short story, “I Am For Sale, Who Will Buy Me” (2010). Employing a Materialist Feminist lens and drawing upon Silvia Federici's theoretical framework in Caliban and the Witch (2004), the study examines the influence of religious doctrines on women's social and economic status, culminating in their marginalization. The analysis dissects the exploitation of gender roles, objectification of female bodies, and the commodification of Afghan women, revealing the intricate interplay between patriarchal systems, religious ideologies, and gender disparity. Additionally, the study explores historical and contemporary challenges faced by Afghan women, encompassing barriers to education, economic opportunities, and social integration. Emphasizing the necessity for comprehensive approaches, this research advocates transformative change and gender justice, stressing its urgency. Positioned within the broader discourse on women's struggles, this study aims to contribute an understanding of women’s oppression with a primary focus on fostering agency and societal transformation for Afghan women.