Smoking Behavior Of Women Research Articles

THE DETERMINANT OF SMOKING BEHAVIOUR AMONG FEMALE WORKERS IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: CASE STUDY AMONG THE PHILIPPINES AND INDONESIANS

The prevalence of tobacco use in Southeast Asia communities is 56%, which 15% of them are female active smokers. Several studies explain that working status, neighborhood, marital status, and education are factors that cause smoking behavior in women. A scientific study is needed to obtain valid assumptions regarding the relationship between these determinants. This study analyzed the determinants of smoking behavior among female workers in the Philippines and Indonesia. The data is processed from 2017 PDHS and used female workers in the Philippines and Indonesia as the study population. The sample size was 11,375 female workers in the Philippines and 26,712 female workers in Indonesia. Apart from smoking behavior as the dependent variable, other variables analyzed were the place of residence, age, marital, education, parity, currently pregnant, and wealth status. The analysis in the final stage uses binary logistic regression. The results show that female workers in both countries from urban areas have a higher likelihood of becoming smokers than those who live in rural areas. It was concluded that the seven variables analyzed are the determinants of smoking behavior among female workers in the Philippines and Indonesia. The seven variables are a type of place, age, marital, education, parity, pregnancy, and wealth status. Two aspects of this study can be considered a novelty: one is the subject of the research, which is a female worker, and the other is the variable of the research, which are sociodemographic and smoking behavior. Keywords: Smoking Behavior, Determinant Analysis, Female Worker, Southeast Asia, Public Health DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.1.9

Changes in cigarette smoking behavior among breast cancer and unaffected women – A prospective study in the MARIE cohort

BackgroundSmoking cessation after a cancer diagnosis can reduce adverse cancer treatment outcomes. Whether a breast cancer diagnosis, a cancer commonly seen as unrelated to smoking cigarettes, motivates changes in smoking behavior is not fully understood. We aimed to compare long-term changes at three follow-up times of cigarette smoking behavior in women with breast cancer and baseline age- and region-matched unaffected women. MethodsWe used longitudinal data from the population-based case-control study MARIE (Mamma Carcinoma Risk Factor Investigation). Women with breast cancer (N = 3813) and unaffected women (N = 7341) aged 50–74 years were recruited from 2002 to 2005. Analyses on changes in smoking were based on data from those who also completed follow-up 1 in 2009–2012, follow-up 2 in 2014–2016 and follow-up 3 in 2020. Multinomial logistic regression for changes (quitting, stable, or start smoking) adjusted for age, study region, education, comorbidities, living situation, and follow-up time, was applied to examine the associations between breast cancer status and changes in smoking behavior. ResultsWomen with breast cancer had significantly higher odds than unaffected women of quitting smoking (OR = 1.38, 95 % CI: 1.01–1.89) and lower odds of returning to smoking (OR = 0.29, 95 % CI: 0.09–0.94) at follow-up 1, but were more likely to start or return to smoking at follow-up 2 (OR = 2.11, 95 % CI 1.08–4.15). No significant group differences were found for changes in smoking behavior at follow-up 3. ConclusionOur findings indicate that short-term changes in smoking behavior can be attributed to a breast cancer diagnosis, but that over time the effect diminishes and changes in smoking no longer differ between breast cancer and breast cancer-free women. To support smoking cessation and to prevent relapse, guidelines to address smoking in cancer care, as well as comprehensive tobacco treatment services, are needed.

Variables Affecting Eligible Women in Poor Households to Smoke in Indonesia 2017

Smoking is one of public health threats. Cigarette consumption does not only impact on a person's declining health but also social behavior. Smoking behavior in women, especially eligible women (15-49 years old) threatens women’s reproductive health and the condition of the fetus in the womb during pregnant, which may get worse in poor households. Aside from that, cigarette consumption in Indonesia occupies the second position in food consumption with a portion of 12.17 percent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the variables that affect eligible women in poor households to smoke in Indonesia. The sources of the research data are the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (2017 IDHS) with the Household and Eligible women questionnaires. The method of analysis used descriptive analysis and inferential analysis with binary logistic regression method in rare event with the firthlogit model. The results of the study show that eligible women in poor households in Indonesia would have a tendency to smoke when they live in urban areas, are more mature in age, their highest educational level is lower than junior high school, work, never access mass media, have partner who do not work and have a big number of household members.

The Effect on Education of Cigarette’s Danger Through Instagram on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Female Student Smokers

Background: Smoking behavior in women is a serious health problem. Indonesia is a country that has a fairly high prevalence of female smokers, and is the third country with the highest number of female smokers after Myanmar and Laos. Cigarette advertisements on social media are one of the factors that influence smoking behavior. The number of adolescents who use social media, especially Instagram, can have an influence on smoking behavior. The research aimed to analyze the influence of health education thourgh instagram towards the Diponegoro students knowledge, attitude, and practice of smooking behaviour control. Method: A quasi-experimental study with the design of a pretest-posttest group design by using purposive sampling. The subject is 66 women students of Diponegoro University. Data collected using a questionnaire with data analyzed by Mc Nemar, Wilcoxon, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: there is an influence of health education using instagram to increase the knowledge (p = 0,000), attitudes (p = 0,005), and practices (p = 0,042) of Diponegoro University students in the smooking behavior control. Conclusions: Health education through Instagram has an effect on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female student smoking behavior control.

Smoking Behavior among Female Worker in Indonesia Does Education Matter?

Smoking behavior in women has a risk of fertility problems, the reproductive system, and many otherhealth problems. This study was aimed at analyzing the effect of education level on smoking behavioramong female workers in Indonesia. The samples used were a female worker. The sample size was 51,815respondents. Apart from education, other independent variables analyzed were the place of residence, age,marital, wealth, and pregnant status. Determination of determinant by binary logistic regression. The resultsof the study informed that female workers with primary education were 0.456 times more likely than noeducation to become smokers. Female workers with secondary education are 0.428 times more likely thanno education to become smokers. Female workers with higher education are 0.219 times more likely thanno education to become smokers. The results of this analysis indicate that the higher the education level, thelower the possibility of female workers becoming smokers. Apart from the education level, 4 other variableswere also found as predictors of smoking behavior among female workers, namely the place of residence,age, wealth, and pregnant status. It was concluded that the education level was a predictor of smokingbehavior among female workers in Indonesia. The higher the education level, the lower the possibility offemale workers becoming smokers.

Pengaruh Sosial Budaya Dan Geografis Terhadap Perilaku Merokok Pada Lansia Perempuan Di Wilayah Dataran Tinggi Dieng Wonosobo

All forms of charm of the dieng region are able to attract the attention of both domestic people and abroad, with its unique socio-cultural and geographical location which is approximately 2000m above sea level with temperatures reaching 5 degrees Celsius at night and 10 degrees Celsius during the day. It turned out to be a very beautiful natural condition not accompanied by proper healthy behavior, 9 out of 10 households smoke to eliminate the cold, and 4 out of 6 elderly women smoke because of the culture of their ancestors who descended as a cultural heritage signifying that they are strong and respected women. culture like this is certainly very in contrast to the GERMAS (Healthy Community Movement) non-smoking program which was launched in 2016 as an increase in ARI cases from 2009 until 2104 and tends to be stagnant until 2017, as well as various disease events due to smoking such as pulmonary TB, cancer, etc. are also often found in the district Wonosobo. This study aims to look for socio-cultural and geographical influences on smoking behavior in the elderly female sex in the Dieng plateau region wonosobo district. The subjects of this study were elderly women people over 60 who smoke. with a population of 113 elderly, technical. The sample used is total sampling. This type of research is quantitative with cross sectional design as for the analysis of the data used is bivariate analysis (kendall’s tau) where the results are obtained there is a significant influence between social culture on smoking behavior in elderly women (0.001 <0.010), and there is an influence geographic significance of smoking behavior among elderly women (0,000 <0.010). With a significance level of 0,000 (ρ <0.05) so it can be concluded socially culture and geography are related to the smoking behavior of women in the highlands dieng.

Exposure to psychosocial work strain and changes in smoking behavior during pregnancy - a longitudinal study within the Danish National Birth Cohort.

Objective:Knowledge of the relationship between psychosocial strain in the work environment and smoking during pregnancy is scarce. This study aimed to examine the association between psychosocial job strain and change in smoking behavior during pregnancy.Methods:The cohort included 65 645 pregnancies from the Danish National Birth Cohort (1996–2002), where pregnant women were interviewed on job factors and lifestyle during the first and third trimesters. Smoking was categorized into non-, non-daily, and daily smoking at each interview. Psychosocial job strain was categorized into four groups based on the concept of Karasek’s demand–control model: low strain (reference), passive, active and high strain. Associations between psychosocial strain and change in smoking status between the first and second interviews were analyzed by multinomial logistic regression, separately for each smoking category at first interview.Results:Non-smoking women exposed to high strain work were more likely to become daily smokers [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) 1.41, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08–1.83)] compared to non-smoking women exposed to low strain work. Non-smoking women exposed to passive work were more likely to become both non-daily and daily smokers [ORadj 1.59 (95% CI 1.21–2.08) and ORadj 1.32 (95% CI 1.03–1.70), respectively]. Daily smoking women exposed to high strain work were less likely to decrease their smoking [ORadj 0.57 (95% CI 0.32–0.99)] compared to daily smoking women exposed to low strain work.Conclusions:Psychosocial strain influenced the women’s smoking behavior during pregnancy, especially in job types with low control.

Smoking Behavior of Women Before, During, and after Pregnancy: Indicators of Smoking, Quitting, and Relapse

Background: Smoking cessation during pregnancy and preventing relapse postpartum is a pivotal public health priority. Objectives: This study examined the risk and protective indicators of women who (a) smoke before pregnancy, (b) smoke during the entire pregnancy, (c) successfully quit smoking during pregnancy, and (d) relapse postpartum. Method: This paper reports secondary analyses of the Dutch population-based Monitor on Substance Use and Pregnancy (2016). A representative sample of mothers of young children (n = 1,858) completed questionnaires at youth health care centers. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results: Main results showed that women’s smoking around pregnancy was strongly associated with the partner’s smoking status before pregnancy, partner’s change in smoking during pregnancy, and partner’s change in smoking postpartum. Women’s educational level and cannabis use before pregnancy were also related with women’s smoking before and during pregnancy. Women’s intensity of alcohol use before pregnancy was ambiguously related with women’s smoking before and during pregnancy. Conclusions: One of the key findings of this study suggests that it is essential that partners quit smoking before pregnancy and do not smoke during pregnancy. If partners continue smoking during pregnancy, they should quit smoking postpartum. Health care professionals can play an important role in addressing partners’ smoking and giving them evidence-based cessation support before, during, and after pregnancy.

Stop smoking practitioner consensus on barriers and facilitators to smoking cessation in pregnancy and how to address these: A modified Delphi survey

IntroductionPregnant women can experience barriers and facilitators towards achieving smoking cessation. We sought consensus from smoking cessation practitioners on how influential pre-identified barriers and facilitators can be on pregnant women's smoking behaviour, and how difficult these might be to manage. Suggestions for techniques that could help overcome the barriers or enhance the facilitators were elicited and consensus sought on the appropriateness for their use in practice. MethodsForty-four practitioners who provided cessation support to pregnant women completed a three-round modified Delphi survey. Round one sought consensus on the ‘influence’ and ‘difficulty’ of the barriers and facilitators, and gathered respondents' suggestions on ways to address these. Rounds two and three sought further consensus on the barriers and facilitators and on ‘appropriateness’ of the respondent-suggested techniques. The techniques were coded for behaviour change techniques (BCTs) content using existing taxonomies. ResultsBarriers and facilitators considered to be the most important mainly related to the influence of significant others and the women's motivation & self-efficacy. Having a supportive partner was considered the most influential, whereas lack of support from partner was the only barrier that reached consensus as being difficult to manage. Barriers relating to social norms were also considered influential, however these received poor coverage of respondent-suggested techniques. Those considered the easiest to address mainly related to aspects of cessation support, including misconceptions surrounding the use of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Barriers and facilitators relating to the women's motivation & self-efficacy, such as the want to protect the baby, were also considered as being particularly easy to address. Fifty of the 54 respondent-suggested techniques reached consensus as being appropriate. Those considered the most appropriate ranged from providing support early, giving correct information on NRT, highlighting risks and benefits and reinforcing motivating beliefs. Thirty-three BCTs were identified from the respondent-suggested techniques. ‘Social support (unspecified)’, ‘Tailor interactions appropriately’ and ‘Problem solving’ were the most frequently coded BCTs. ConclusionsInvolving partners in quit attempts was advocated. Existing support could be potentially improved by establishing appropriate ways to address barriers relating to pregnant smokers' ‘social norms’. In general, providing consistent and motivating support seemed favourable.

The identification of maternal smokers postnatally in an Irish maternity hospital.

While many women quit smoking spontaneously before or during early pregnancy, information is limited about maternal smoking as pregnancy advances. This study examined the smoking behaviour of women throughout pregnancy and immediately after delivery. Women on the postnatal ward were consented for BCO testing and after completing this under supervision, they were asked to complete an accompanying questionnaire on smoking behaviour (unsupervised). In this small pilot study, we found BCO testing in an inpatient environment, not surprisingly, was ineffective in identifying current smokers. As reported in other studies, we found that few women quit smoking after the time of the first antenatal visit. This suggests that postnatal smoking cessation interventions should receive greater attention. We recommend that all women who identify themselves as current smokers at the first antenatal visit should complete a short questionnaire postnatally and should be offered support to quit smoking or maintain cessation after they bring their baby home.

Passing the “Torches of Freedom”: Smoking Behaviors of Women in Nepal

ABSTRACTGlobally, men constitute a larger percentage of smokers than women, but the rate of women smokers is growing. Smoking is a feminist issue: there are unique consequences for women's health, well-being, and agency. Recently passed anti-smoking legislation in Nepal, which has the highest rate of women smokers in South Asia, omits gender-conscious recommendations, potentially diminishing the impact of the legislation on women's lives. Relying on the 2001, 2006, and 2011 waves of the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, this paper expands the dialogue around women's smoking and places it at the forefront of research on women's health issues. The results indicate that for women in Nepal, formal education and visiting a health facility mitigate smoking behaviors, whereas being employed and living in certain regions promotes smoking behaviors. The aim is for this and the ensuing inquiries to change government anti-smoking legislation in order to improve women's health.

The genotypes and methylation of MAO genes as factors behind smoking behavior.

Smoking dependence is the main cause for tobacco-related illnesses. The addiction-causing substance in tobacco, nicotine, acts through the dopamine pathway in the brain, causing several pleasurable experiences through cigarette smoking. Thus, both genetic and epigenetic factors related to dopamine metabolism may play an important role in influencing an individual's smoking behavior. We studied the 1460 C/T variation and the variable number tandem repeat polymorphism in the MAOA gene and A/G variation in intron 13 in the MAOB gene together with four DNA methylation sites in both of these genes in relation to several smoking-related phenotypes in a study population of 1230 Whites of Russian origin. The genotypes studied were found to be associated with smoking status in women; the MAOB G variant allele was more prevalent in female smokers than nonsmokers [odds ratio (OR): 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.08-4.33], whereas a reverse relation was observed for the MAOA 1460 T-variant allele (OR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.21-0.91) and variable number tandem repeat low-activity alleles (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.24-0.98). Moreover, the mean methylation values of the CpG sites studied in the MAOA gene were related to smoking behavior in women. Similarly, several methylation patterns in the MAOB gene were associated with a smoking history, with each CpG site showing a remarkable sex dependence. Smoking behavior seems to be related to the genetic and epigenetic profile of MAO genes, with considerable individual and sex-related differences.

Gender and stimulus control of smoking behavior.

Gender differences in smoking behavior have been proposed to account for poorer outcomes among women attempting to quit. Specifically, it has been suggested that women's smoking behavior is less motivated by nicotine-seeking and more driven by environmental cues. To date, however, few real-world studies have examined the hypothesis that women's smoking is under greater stimulus control. One hundred and ninety four daily smokers (men = 107; women = 87) completed 3 weeks of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) monitoring that provided data on real-world smoking behavior by reporting on situational contexts shown by previous research to influence smoking behavior (including social setting, cigarette availability, alcohol consumption, and mood). Analyses of particular cues found few gender differences; however, men's smoking increased to a greater extent compared with women's when they were with others who were smoking. Idiographic analyses that allow individual subjects to have different directions of linkage to situational cues also were conducted to assess how predictable subjects' smoking was from a range of contextual characteristics. Compared with women, men's smoking was significantly more closely tied to food/alcohol consumption and tended to be more closely tied to social context. No other gender differences were found. EMA analyses suggest that men and women are similarly influenced by cues, including mood. Where there were gender differences, it was men rather than women whose smoking behavior was more influenced by cues. The data contradict the hypothesis that women's smoking is more influenced by cues.

A Study on Effects of Women's smoking behavior in Korea Usingthe Classification and Regression Trees

The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors that affects the Women’s smoking behavior in Korea. Data were from the A Study on the Seoul Welfare Panel Study 2010. Subjects were 3,958 females aged 19 and older living in the community. A prediction model was developed by the use of a classification and regression tree algorithm of data-mining approach. In the classification and regression tree algorithm analysis, alcohol consumption, depression, income, family relationship, marital status were significantly associated with smoking behavior in Korean females.

Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Longitudinal cohort survey of women's smoking behaviour and attitudes in pregnancy: study methods and baseline data

ObjectivesTo report the methods used to assemble a contemporary pregnancy cohort for investigating influences on smoking behaviour before, during and after pregnancy and to report characteristics of women recruited.DesignLongitudinal cohort...

An Examination of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence Among Concurrent Tobacco and Khat Users

The current study examined the psychometric properties of the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) among tobacco smokers who use khat (Catha edulis), a widely used substance in East Africa and Arabian Peninsula. We also explored gender differences in response to FTND items because little attention has been paid to women's smoking behavior in Middle Eastern societies. A total of 103 (38 women) concurrent users (mean age ± SD: 24.4 ± 5.2) were recruited from two universities in Yemen. An Arabic version of FTND was developed using back-translation method. Chronbach's alpha was used to examine the reliability and principal component analysis was conducted to test the factor structure of the scale. The scale was found to have low internal consistency reliability (Chronbach's α = .58). Two factors were identified, accounting for 57% of the total variance. A series of chi-square analyses found that men indicated more symptoms associated with nicotine dependence than women (ps < .05). Although the poor reliability observed in the present sample argues for a cautious approach when assessing nicotine dependence among khat users, the findings on factor structure and gender differences may provide support for the validity of the scale. Taking into account sociocultural factors associated with patterns of smoking behavior among this population should improve the psychometric properties of FTND.

Education, Maternal Smoking, and the Earned Income Tax Credit

Abstract We estimate and explore mechanisms of the impact of the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) expansions on the smoking behavior of women. Differential increases in federal EITC benefits by family size in the mid-1990s allow for a comparison of smoking status changes between mothers with one and more than one child. We exploit these changes in a difference-in-differences framework using data from the 1993-2001 waves of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and show that the increase in EITC benefits yielded a significant decline in the likelihood of being a current smoker among unmarried mothers with less than a college degree. Although women with a high school degree or less and women with some college education received similar benefit increases on average and exhibited similar labor supply responses, the reduction in the likelihood of smoking was concentrated among those with some college.

Factors associated with antenatal smoking among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in two jurisdictions.

Smoking rates are three times as high for pregnant Indigenous women relative to non-Indigenous women, in Australia. This paper describes Indigenous women's self-reported antenatal smoking behaviour and compares knowledge and attitudes of those who: (i) smoke and don't smoke during pregnancy; and (ii) quit or continued to smoke since the beginning of pregnancy. Cross-sectional surveys with 264 pregnant Indigenous women in two states collected data on smoking status, antenatal changes, risk knowledge, attitudes to smoking and sociodemographic characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed associations between knowledge and attitude variables and smoking status and antenatal changes in smoking status. Forty-six per cent of the women (n = 121) reported currently smoking. The majority (68%) who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy reported quitting (21%) or reducing (47%). Relative to smokers, non-smokers had more schooling (P = 0.002), more post-secondary education (P = 0.023), lower parity (P = 0.003), better understanding of smoking-related risks (miscarriage P = 0.01; low birth weight P = 0.003; infant illness P < 0.001; childhood behavioural problems P = 0.007), and less frequently expressed attitudes indicating that quitting was very difficult given other problems they faced. Similar patterns were found for women who quit during pregnancy compared to those who continued smoking. Increasing awareness of antenatal smoking risks and the benefits of quitting may motivate women to attempt to quit. However, knowledge alone is unlikely to be sufficient considering the life circumstances of many Indigenous women. Addressing the social environment and daily stressors, particularly those exacerbated by pregnancy, may be critical to supporting quit attempts.

Association between ovarian hormones and smoking behavior in women.

Studies examining the association between menstrual cycle phases and smoking behavior in women have yielded mixed results. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the associations between ovarian hormones and smoking by directly measuring ovarian hormone levels and obtaining a laboratory assessment of smoking behaviors. Four hypotheses were tested: Increased smoking will be associated with (1) low absolute levels of estradiol and progesterone; (2) decreasing (i.e., dynamic changes in) estradiol and progesterone; (3) lower ratios of progesterone to estradiol; and (4) higher ratios of estradiol to progesterone. Female smokers (≥10 cigarettes/day) with regular menstrual cycles were recruited as part of a larger, ongoing study examining the influence of ovarian hormones on smoking cessation treatment. Participants completed 2 study visits, including a 1-hr ad lib smoking topography session, which provided a detailed assessment of smoking behavior. Both the change in hormone levels over time and the relative ratios of ovarian hormones were associated with smoking behavior, but each to a limited extent. Decreases in estradiol (r = -.21, p = .048) and decreases in progesterone (r = -.23, p = .03) were associated with increased puff intensity. Lower ratios of progesterone to estradiol were associated with a greater number of puffs (r = -.26, p = .01) and weight of cigarettes smoked (r = -.29, p = .005). The best predictors of smoking behavior were the ratio of progesterone to estradiol (z = -2.7, p = .004) and the change in estradiol and progesterone over time (z = -2.1, p = .02). This pattern of results may help to explain inconsistent findings in previous studies and suggest potential mechanisms by which hormones influence nicotine addiction.