IntroductionParenthoods and modes of family-making have been transformed through recent social and legal developments. The psychoanalytic approach, of which this article makes use, provides an understanding of the implications of these evolutions on the psychic level. The use of assisted reproductive technology leads to the dissociation of different aspects of the maternity process. More particularly, lesbian women are experimenting with plural modalities of access to motherhood, thus bringing to light the question of the links between gender and maternity, which has until now been more widely apprehended by the social sciences. GoalsThis article proposes to explore, among women in couples, the mobilization of the issue of gender with regard to the psychological process of becoming a mother. How do these women situate themselves in their place as mothers in relation to gender? What does clinical work with women in couples becoming mothers bring to the subject of representations articulating gender and motherhood? MethodThe article's propositions are mainly the result of qualitative research conducted with lesbian couples who were expecting their first child, following the use of a sperm donation. In this context, the women's discourse was collected during semi-structured couple and individual interviews. These analyses are also enriched by our clinical practice as a psychologist in the perinatal field. ResultsAccess to maternity, for lesbian couples, reactivates gender constructions. This is reflected in particular in the development of the choice of whether or not to carry the child, in the light of the desire for pregnancy and the desire for a child. Moreover, the gender issue plays a role in the construction of their parental place during pregnancy and once the child is born, echoing their representations of motherhood. Women's discourses illustrate the way in which their singular representations of maternal identity are also part of collective representations, through the recognition of their place. ConclusionBecoming a mother mobilizes women's relation to gender in a varied and singular way. The particular case of lesbian mothers would highlight the different possible articulations between gender identities, sexualities, maternal identities and parental functions. The singular psychological processes relating to motherhood and gender echo the way in which parenthood is institutionalized and socially perceived. One possible continuation of this work would be to explore the representations articulating parenthood and gender among professionals working with families in transition.