Independent Women Research Articles

K. CHOPIN AS A PIONEER OF FEMINIST LITERATURE

The article discusses the feminist themes in Kate Chopin’s novel, “The Awakening,” which challenged traditional gender roles and expectations when it was published in 1899. The article analyzes the novel using the methods of discourse analysis, continuous sampling, and interpreting a literary text. The research finds that the novel explores feminist ideas such as women's independence, new morality, patriarchal society, motherhood, and gender roles. The article cites several scholars who have identified “The Awakening” as a feminist work, and also discusses the controversy the novel faced upon its initial publication due to its portrayal of female sexuality and desire. The article concludes by noting that the novel continues to be widely recognized as an important feminist work that explores women’s agency and autonomy.

The Philosophical meanings contained Serat Sari Swara entitled Wasita Rini Song by Ki Hadjar Dewantara

Serat Sari Swara is an old literary work (1930) written directly by KHD using Javanese script and in Javanese in the form of tembang (poetry genre). This study of old literary works is important because it is an intellectual heritage of the work of the Father of the Indonesian National Education (KHD), which contains many moral and philosophical teachings that are useful as lessons and knowledge for the current generation. The data analysis method used is the content analysis method through the perspective of literary interpretation. The primary data source of this research comes from the Serat Sari Swara script, especially the Asmaradana Wasitarini songs. The results of the research on the philosophical meaning of the Asmaradana Wasita Rini song are about advice and teaching to women in fighting for their rights to obtain gender equality and women's independence, as well as the dedication of women (wives) to men (husbands) so that they can live in harmony and happiness. In detail, the contents of Wasita Rini's philosophical meaning are as follows: 1) teachings to women to always maintain the norms of decency and decency; 2) Protect themselves and their honour; 3) Women need to be respected and respected and do not like being treated arbitrarily; 4) can control themselves; 5) A woman must be conscientious and good at sorting out good and bad things; 6) Women must have the intelligence of creativity, taste, and intention (morals).

LONG-STANDING NARRATIVE OF INDONESIAN ISLAMIC WOMEN IN FOUR NOVELS BY HABIBURRAHMAN EL SHIRAZY

Discussions about Islamic women have been buzzing in Indonesia after the collapse of the New Order. Its presence directly contradicts the narratives of women that were influenced by western thought, such as liberalism and secularism, as well as by global islamization movement from the Middle East. The conflicts that arose were about the role of women in the public sphere, women's independence, women's bodies and sexuality. This study aims to find similarities between ideas about Islamic women and the practice of Islamic women's discourse in Indonesian society. This study uses an intrinsic study method and a sociology of literature approach to reveal the relationship of the text to social conditions in society. The result shows that the depiction of Islamic women in the four texts is the same as the practice of Islamic women's discourse that existed in Islamic societies even before Indonesia's independence. It is considered as a writing-back movement by Habiburrahman El Shirazy to propagate the majority version of Islamic values in Indonesia.

Efek dan Pencegahan Pernikahan Dini Pada Remaja: Studi Literatur

Marriage is a very sacred thing and maintains the integrity of the family by looking at several aspects of a person's physical, spiritual and psychological aspects that support happiness. Early marriage is marriage that has not reached the age of 18 years. This is referred to as one of the social pathologies that cause or poverty. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on education, maternal health, poverty, women's empowerment and human rights cannot be achieved if the problem of early marriage is not addressed in many low and medium prayer countries. The results of the investigation of the literature study from these 15 articles can be described that the occurrence of early marriage can be caused by several factors, namely economic problems, customs, education, decision makers are parents, living in rural areas. Some of the effects that can occur in early marriage are domestic violence, psychosocial burden and stress, reduction, illness, women's independence, health of mothers and children, and the level of school activity of children. Intervention efforts that can be made are increasing education and knowledge, media exposure, peer education methods, involving religious shops, social in educational activities for adolescents. From the results of this literature study, it can provide an understanding of the development and prevention of early marriage and seek therapeutic and comprehensive preventive measures.

SOSIALISASI IDE BISNIS DAN OPTIMALISASI UMKM BAGI PEREMPUAN DI DESA PABEAN KECAMATAN SEDATI SIDOARJO

In Indonesia, now it doesn't look at gender differences, meaning that in this era it's not only men who can make decisions in doing business, but women can make decisions and to pursue the businesses they own. Currently, single parent women can also have a business to meet family needs and participate actively in social life, government organizations or local organizations. Therefore the district government. Sidoarjo provides assistance through the Independent Women's Business Card (KURMA) program for single parent women to create and advance their businesses. With the implementation of this program, many women experience confusion in creating new UMKM and developing their businesses. The purpose of this socialization is to assist women in providing UMKM business ideas, reducing women's poverty, increasing women's income, increasing knowledge and knowledge along with the quality of human resources, especially women. Apart from that, our goal is to invite the women's community to become a community that is friendly to banks and the economy.

Do Financial Expertise, Nationality and Independence of Women on Corporate Board Mitigate Earnings Management of Listed Firms on NXG.

This study evaluates the influence of financial expertise, nationality and independence of women on board of directors on earnings management of listed firms on NXG. Applying purposive sampling, a firm-year observation of 715 comprising 65 non-financial firms and secondary data from annual reports for 11years (2011-2021) were analysed using the holistic earnings management model. The outcome of the Generalised Least square (GLS) regression revealed that the measures of corporate board gender diversity attributes, CBGDAttr, (WOBFEXP, WOBNAT and WOBIND) jointly exert significant influence on earnings management (EARNMGT) of listed firms on NXG and upon this findings, it recommended that shareholder should strategize to increase gender diversity ratio to about 40% and that the nomination and governance subcommittee should take cognizance of the qualifications (financial expertise) and the independence of the female directors (INEDs) before appointment while considering appointing female foreigners with different nationalities having shares into the board to foster a creative environment where sharing of ideas and expertise across borders thrive; contributing to effective decision-making.

Book Review: Independent Women: From Film to Television

Book Review: Independent Women: From Film to Television

Introduction

Introduction

Review: Beyoncé in the World: Making Meaning with Queen Bey in Troubled Times, edited by Christina Baade and Kristin A. McGee

Review: <i>Beyoncé in the World: Making Meaning with Queen Bey in Troubled Times</i>, edited by Christina Baade and Kristin A. McGee

Pemberdayaan Berbasis Pendidikan Keterampilan Membatik Untuk Peningkatan Kapasitas Perempuan Di LKP At - Tiqna

This study aims to examine in more depth how women's empowerment based on non-formal education in the development of batik skills in LKP -At – Tiqna. The approach to this research uses qualitative research. The method of data collection uses the method of interview, observation, study of documents. Data analysis is carried out using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. Data validity techniques use source trangulation and triangulation techniques. The results of this research related to women's empowerment based on non-formal education are that there are several processes starting from awareness to increase women's interest in being involved in empowerment programs. The awareness process is carried out by identifying the needs to formulate needs that are used as a basis for program decision making. Next is mendorngong and invite women to participate in the program by socializing the program to the wider community. The knowledge transformation process is carried out with training as an effort to provide knowledge and skills for women that are adapted to women's conditions and carried out by material delivery methods and practices. Furthermore, assistance to increase women's independence in batik development.

Micro-level enterprise success and Women Self-Sustainability

The main reason for this examination is to analyze the position of small financial institutions that take care of women's independence in Pakistan due to the fact women also are the most vulnerable communities in Pakistan and the arena, too. To address this difficulty, current studies have followed a multidisciplinary method and the improvement of differentiated research. Using a survey questionnaire, information has been accrued from female clients of small financial institutions from might also May 1, 2019, to August 30, 2019. The outcomes of this look revealed that only a few monetary establishments have a crucial position to play in promoting women’s independence. With the assistance of women’s small organizations, offerings provided by means of a small financial group which includes low credit, low financial savings, low coverage, low schooling, and social funding play a first-rate function in promoting women’s independence.

IMPLEMENTASI PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI PROGRAM PENINGKATAN PERANAN WANITA MENUJU KELUARGA SEHAT SEJAHTERA DI KELURAHAN KEPUH

efforts to empower women to gain access and control over resources, economy, politics, social, culture, so that women can self-regulate and increase self-confidence to be able to play a role and participate actively in solving problems, so as to be able to build abilities and self-concept, namely through empowering women. Empowerment needs to be realized in the form of empowerment programs that are able to empower all the potential that exists in the community through programs to increase the role of women towards healthy and prosperous families. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe the implementation of Women's Empowerment through the Program for Increasing the Role of Women Towards a Healthy and Prosperous Family (P2WKSS) in Cikendat Village, Kepuh Village, Ciwandan, Cilegon. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods, in data collection is done by observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of women's empowerment in the P2WKSS program was through women's training. There are four trainings, namely beauty/makeup, cooking/cooking, handicrafts, and sewing. And increase women's participation and awareness in the P2WKSS Program and the impact of social changes felt due to the P2WKSS program. The benefits of implementing the P2WKSS Program are (1) Improving social conditions seen from the enthusiasm of women's participation. (2) increase women's awareness through four P2WKSS training programs (3) Increase women's independence.

Empowering Woman Through the Sharia Savings and Loan Program in an Effort to Survive During the Covid-19 Pandemic

The Covid-19 pandemic has encourage more women not to return to work during the pandemic. This adversely affects not only women's welfare but also economic progress and women's independence. The Sharia Borrowing Program from the Sharia Cooperatives assisted by Rumah Zakat is one of the efforts to provide capital to women who have micro businesses in order to be able to maintain their business activities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the impact of empowering women by Rumah Zakat through the sharia savings and loan program during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research is a descriptive research and uses a qualitative approach. The data collection method used in-depth interviews conducted to 12 members of BUMMas, Village Officer, Relawan Inspirasi and the management of the Mitra Insan Mandiri Cooperative in Gilingan Village and the Berkah Bersama Cikeusik Cooperative in Pandeglang Regency. The results of the study show that women who are members of savings and loan groups are able to take advantage of interest-free financing to maintain their economic business so as not to go out of business during the Covid-19 pandemic. Savings and loan activities are also able to educate members to set aside income as member savings in cooperatives so that they can become future savings. Through regular member coaching, there is a change in the mindset of members to no longer access loans to moneylenders who pay high interest.&#x0D; Keywords: Covid-19 Pandemic, Women Empowerment, Sharia Savings and Loan Program

Yoghurt making training to build women’s resilience in developing local economy and healthy lifestyle

Lifestyle modifications are becoming increasingly important, especially following the epidemic era. Healthy living is a continual lifestyle that aids the attempt to transform a healthy culture and the production of healthy cells. A healthy lifestyle is one that consider all facets of a person's health. Not only about food but also about exercise and lifestyle practices. Health is vital to all our actions. One of the important things in supporting health can be done with healthy food intake. Making homemade yogurt, changing other foods, and changing one's lifestyle are all part of this activity. Thus, this activity aims to train partners in yogurt making to build women's resilience in developing local economies and healthy lifestyles. Activities are hybrid, with some participants and resource personnel working online and others offline at the activity site. The method of activities is carried out using lectures, discussions and hands-on practice which is carried out in a hybrid between online and offline. Some participants and resource persons carry out activities online and partly offline at the activity location. This activity is women's independence to build a home industry producing yogurt and other nutritious foods has increased, as has the production of processed yogurt. It is anticipated that the independence of these women will encourage the self-assurance necessary to construct a healthy family and environment, making their residence a place of business and a healthy gastronomic destination at home.

GOVERNMENTAL AND INSTITUTIONAL INITIATIVES AND ACTIONS FOR THE ATTRACTION AND EXPANSION OF E-COMMERCE BY WOMEN IN BANGLADESH

This research investigates the initiatives and actions taken by the Government of Bangladesh and institutions to attract women into e-commerce and introduce these women as financially independent. The existence and power of women in Bangladesh are very weak, and this is due to dependency, lack of education, and skills. To remove these obstacles and empower women through e-commerce, the Government and different institutions are taking various initiatives and actions as they can contribute to the development of Bangladesh. This study evaluates how Government and other institutions are working to introduce e-commerce as a strong tool for women's economic independence in Bangladesh. The Government is taking action to provide direct funds, introducing simple policies, tax exemptions, easy business space, transportation assistance, and many other ways. Different organizations are also working to assist the Government of Bangladesh in empowering women through e-commerce. The policy recommendations could be helpful for The Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh to mitigate its challenges and make this sector more profitable.

The relationship between women's personality traits and addiction to social networking sites on the example of Facebook.

The purpose of this study was to generally assess the degree of women's dependence on social networking sites on the example of Facebook, taking into account personality traits according to the five-factor model of personality, the so-called Big Five. The study included 556 women. This survey-based study was carried out using the questionnaire technique. The following research tools were used to analyze behavioral addictions in adult women: the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO FFI) and the author's questionnaire. Among the surveyed women, 69.6% were average Facebook users, of whom 16.4% had scores indicating possible Facebook addiction, and 14.0% had scores indicating addiction. The higher the neuroticism, the more serious the Facebook addiction. A weak negative correlation was obtained for the agreeableness subscale. A weak negative correlation was also obtained for the subscale of conscientiousness. There was no statistically significant correlation between the log10 score obtained on the BFAS and the score on the NEO-FFI subscales of extraversion and openness to experience. The personality types of the studied women indicated relationships in terms of behavioral addictions. Women characterized by neuroticism showed stronger addiction to Facebook. Women characterized by high conscientiousness were at lower risk of behavioral addictions, while agreeableness as a personality trait significantly protected the surveyed women against Facebook addiction.

The Effect of Organizational Development and Work Behavior Towards the Role of Midwives in Prevention Mother Actions to Child Transmission (PMTCT) and Independence Care of Pregnant Women in the Pandemic Time Covid-19

This research was motivated by pregnant women who endured HIV/AIDS during the Covid-19 pandemic. Their self-sufficiency was low or very low because they were incapable generate a readiness to prevent and overcome the disease problems they suffered. The theory of reasoned action (TRA) developed into the theory of planned behavior (TPB). This conceptual framework refers to combining the Kopelmen's with the theory of planned behavior (TPB) in influencing midwives in PMTCT actions on HIV AND AIDS care independence. Data analysis uses Structural Equation Model analysis - SEM. It combines several aspects contained in path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis to estimate several equations simultaneously. The study found that organizational characteristics (X1) effect on the midwives' role (Y) had a positive and significant effect. The work characteristics (X2) effect on midwives' role (Y) is positive and significant. The organizational characteristics (X1) effect on the pregnant women's independence (Z) is positive and not significant. The work characteristics (X2) on the independence of pregnant women (Z) have a positive and significant effect, and the role of midwives (Y) on the independence of pregnant women (Z) has a positive and significant effect. The result of the indirect effect shows that organizational characteristics (X1) through the role of the midwife (Y) have a positive and insignificant effect on the independence of pregnant women (Z), and work behavior (X2) through the role of the midwife (Y) has a positive and significant effect on the independence of pregnant women ( Z). Research recommends improving the reward system, training, and development as well as the leadership of each midwife. To carry out their duties and functions of providing health services to HIV and AIDS care in each Puskesmas as a form of organizational characteristics that affect the role of midwives in PMTCT actions in Makassar City. Maintaining the achievement of performance goals and the resulting feedback as work characteristics of midwives that will affect the role of midwives in PMTCT actions in Makassar City.

PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK WANITA TANI MELALUI PEMANFAATAN LAHAN PEKARANGAN UNTUK BUDIDAYA SAYURAN SEHAT DI KECAMATAN BOJONGGAMBIR KABUPATEN TASIKMALAYA

Empowerment of Women Farmers Groups (KWT) through the utilization of yardland is one way to improve the quality of life and women's independence. The purpose of the study is to describe, analyze, and formulate a strategy for empowering KWT through the use of yard land for healthy vegetable cultivation in Bojonggambir District, Tasikmalaya Regency. The number of samples was determined by the total sampling method. The results of descriptive analysis describe the characteristics of KWT on age (productive), education (low), length of farming (high), yard area (narrow), and all external factors (medium). The related factors are the area of the yard, the role of agricultural extension workers, and the availability of facilities and infrastructure. The strategy is in the form of extension activities with descriptive analysis to determine the material and Spearman Rank correlation to optimize factors related to empowerment, namely the area of yards (sig .044), availability of facilities and infrastructure (sig .037), and the role of extension workers (sig .000).

Monetary Dependency of Women in Pakistan and Domestic Violence: An Underreported Socio-psychological Crisis

Monetary Dependency of Women in Pakistan and Domestic Violence: An Underreported Socio-psychological Crisis

THE ROLE OF BAITUL MAAL WA TAMWIL IN THE ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF POOR WOMEN IN CIANJUR DISTRICT

This study aims to analyze BMT's role in poor women's economic empowerment in the Cianjur Regency. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using economic and sociological approaches. This research's data sources are primary data obtained from BMT and interviews and secondary data from library research. Furthermore, the data collection method is carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation for further analysis by reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that BMT played a role in empowering the economy of women. Their income increases so that they can meet their daily needs and become more independent. Besides, they became smarter in managing finances and began to be actively involved in household decision making. Empowerment of women can improve women's welfare and independence in various aspects of life, particularly the economy. Applying the function of empowering women in microfinance institutions such as BMT is the right solution to improve the economy of the community, especially women