Women's Education Research Articles

Socioeconomic Inequalities in Intimate Partner Violence: Evidence from Vietnam.

Although socioeconomic inequality has been identified as a significant factor for violence against women, the connection between these two variables has not been widely recognized and addressed in many countries. This study aims to quantify the degree of socioeconomic inequalities in intimate partner violence (IPV) in Vietnam and investigate the contribution of each determinant factor that contributes to the observed inequality. We utilized the Vietnamese National Survey on Domestic Violence against Women (N = 4,019) for the analysis. Household wealth was used as a proxy for socioeconomic status. We used a concentration index to quantify the degree of socioeconomic inequality in emotional, physical, or sexual violence and a combination of these three types of violence. We further decomposed the concentration index to identify the contribution of each determinant to the observed inequality in IPV. We found that the prevalence of IPV was significantly concentrated among the worse-off across all types of IPV and that disparities in husband's occupation (48%), women's education (39%), husband's education (38%), and class (34%) were the primary factors contributing to increased inequalities in IPV. Our results indicated that higher education and engagement in skilled jobs were highly concentrated among the better-off, creating unequal distribution of these variables across wealth. Policy could mitigate the inequality in IPV by expanding women's access to education and economic opportunities. However, interventions should target both men and women and within couples because husband's characteristics also play an important role in explaining socioeconomic inequalities in IPV.

Examining the Influence of Digital Learning on Women's Education in Afghanistan: An In-Depth Analysis of Women Online University

The research aims to address the pressing need for innovative approaches to overcome barriers to education faced by Afghan women, particularly in regions with limited access to traditional learning resources. The study employs a systematic research method, beginning with a thorough review of the literature to establish the context and theoretical framework surrounding e-learning in Afghanistan. It explores the transformative potential of e-learning in empowering Afghan women, while also examining the challenges hindering its implementation. A stratified random sampling technique was utilized to select a representative sample of 150 female students from the Women Online University in Afghanistan. This sample size was deemed sufficient to obtain comprehensive insights into the perspectives and experiences of female students regarding e-learning. Data was collected through structured surveys, designed to assess various aspects of e-learning effectiveness, challenges, and empowerment. Quantitative data analysis techniques, including descriptive statistics and frequency distributions, were employed to analyze the survey responses. The findings reveal insights into the demographic distribution of female students at Women Online University, the distribution of online platforms used for e-learning, challenges in implementation, and perceptions of empowerment. Through a rigorous analysis of the data, this study aims to provide valuable insights into the current landscape of e-learning for female education in Afghanistan. The results contribute to a deeper understanding of the opportunities and challenges associated with e-learning initiatives, while also offering recommendations for policymakers, educators, and stakeholders to enhance the effectiveness and accessibility of e-learning for Afghan women.

Explaining changes in educational disparities in competent maternal health care services in urban and rural areas in Ethiopia.

Aggregate statistics of maternal health care services have improved in Ethiopia. Nevertheless, the country has one of the lowest Universal Health Coverage (UHC) service coverage indices, with slight improvement between 2000 and 2019. There are disparity studies that focus on a single dimension of inequality. However, studies that combine multiple dimensions of inequality simultaneously may have important policy implications for closing inequalities. In this study, we investigated education inequalities in the receipt of maternal health care services in rural and urban areas separately, and we examined whether these inequalities decreased, increased, or remained unchanged. The data for the study came from the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Surveys. Using women's education as a dimension of inequality, we separately analyzed inequalities in maternal health care services in urban and rural settings. Inequalities were measured through the Erreygers concentration index, second differences, and Relative Index of Inequality (RII). Whether inequalities changed over time was analyzed by relative and absolute measures. An Oaxaca-type decomposition approach was applied to explain changes in absolute disparities over time. There were glaring educational disparities in maternal health care services in urban and rural areas, where the services were more concentrated among women with better schooling. The disparities were more severe in urban than in rural areas. In urban areas, skilled birth service was the most unequal in both periods. Disparities in rural places were roughly similar for all services except that in 2011, postnatal care was the least unequal, and in 2016, skilled birth was the most unequal services. Trend analyses revealed that disparities significantly dropped in urban by absolute and relative measures. Conversely, in rural regions, the disparities grew by the concentration index measure for most services. The RII and second differences presented conflicting results regarding whether the gaps were increasing, shrinking, or remaining the same. Substantial disparities in maternal health care services remained and even increased, as in rural areas. Different and targeted strategies are needed for urban and rural places to close the observed educational inequalities in these areas.

Religious Analysis of Women's Sociological and Cultural Concerns

Islamic law has prioritized addressing women's issues, particularly societal issues, which are crucial as women are the core of society and comprise half of it. Women are not only wives but also mothers, sisters, and daughters, playing a significant role in society. It is essential that they are not left uninformed about their affairs, given the equal importance of their male counterparts. Islamic law emerged to provide clear guidance on its significance and its impact on humanity, society, culture, and the economy. The first portion examines the inherent and acquired traits of women, as well as their capacity to navigate social and economic circumstances. This includes their resilience in marriage and business, as well as the inherent and acquired advantages that males possess over them. The second issue pertains to the ethical principles and compassion that are relevant in many aspects of society. This discussion covers several aspects of rights, such as human rights, equality, civil rights and their classifications, as well as women's employment and education. The third subject of discussion is to the position of women in religious laws and ancient societies. The research technique included a series of definitive findings and deductions that we arrived at via a comprehensive examination and thorough understanding of the subject matter from all angles.

ICTs for Afghan women's empowerment in the pre‐ and new‐Taliban era: Roles of gender, education, and crises

AbstractIn this paper, we explore women's use of ICTs in urban Afghanistan in the period between 2015 and 2022 to examine the changing gender dynamics of ICT access and usage in the context of expanding opportunities for women's education and employment (2015–2020) and different forms of crises, including the COVID19 pandemic (2020–2021) and political takeover by the fundamentalist and violent Taliban regime (2021–2022). Drawing on feminist theorization of empowerment and using a mixed methods study of 817 questionnaires (2015) and observation data (2015–2022) allows us to make visible the contingent and unintended dynamics of the relationship between women's empowerment and ICTs, especially in conflict zones. These findings contribute to ongoing debates on gender, empowerment and ICTs by emphasizing the multifaceted nature of technology adoption and usage, the significance of education in overcoming barriers, and the evolving role of ICTs, especially for women, in the face of radical political changes and crises.

Leveraging Education For Women’s Advocacy And Empowerment: An Imperative For An Equitable Society

Leveraging Education For Women’s Advocacy And Empowerment: An Imperative For An Equitable Society

Demographic pathways and intergenerational effects of changes in women's education: Evidence from China

Using data from the 2011 baseline China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, this study employs a simulation model developed by Mare and Maralani to investigate the intergenerational effects of changes in the distribution of women's education on the educational distribution of their offspring's generation in China. Different from the conventional retrospective studies of intergenerational mobility that have focused on associations between parents’ and children's socioeconomic attainment, the prospective approach adopted in this study examines the relative importance of both the demographic pathways, namely assortative mating and fertility differentials, and the social mobility pathway to the intergenerational transmission processes in a changing socioeconomic and policy context of China. First, I found a positive intergenerational effect across all three cohorts of women born between 1925 and 1965: an increase in women's education led to an improvement in their daughters’ educational attainment. Second, the two demographic pathways, marriage and fertility, and intergenerational transmission jointly affected the educational attainment of the next generation in a complex way. While assortative mating strengthened the intergenerational effects, educational differentials in fertility dampened the intergenerational effects, since improvement in women's education increased their chances of marrying better-educated husbands but reduced their fertility levels. Third, the intergenerational effects and the respective effects of two demographic pathways became smaller across cohorts, which could be attributed jointly to educational expansion at the national level and changing family planning policies experienced by different cohorts of women and their offspring. Fourth, rural/urban comparison further demonstrated the existing educational inequality in contemporary China.

임산부를 위한 온라인 예비부모교육의 실태 및 요구

임산부를 위한 온라인 예비부모교육의 실태 및 요구

Harmonizing Progress: The Resounding Impact of Education on Women's Economic Empowerment

This study explores the transformative role of education in economically empowering women in District Dir Lower, Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The research delves into the correlation between women's education and economic well-being, emphasizing education as a gateway for women to compete in the labor market, strengthen earning possibilities, and gain control over resources. The methodology employs purposive sampling to engage with 20 educated and employed women, using open-ended questions in interviews to capture authentic narratives. Thematic analysis is applied to unravel insights, and ethical considerations ensure confidentiality and cultural sensitivity. The qualitative data analysis unveils a rich tapestry of themes, emphasizing education's impact on women's employment and productivity. Educated women emerge as pivotal contributors to family and national income, participating actively in legislation and policy-making. The study underlines the importance of women's education as a gateway to economic growth, with higher literacy rates correlating to stronger GDP and GNP. The symphony of women's education is portrayed as a transformative force, empowering nations and fostering a brighter, more inclusive future. The study calls for government prioritization of girls' education, implementation of skill development programs, and gender-responsive labor policies to foster gender equality and women's economic empowerment.

An Analysis of Financial Literacy among Working Indian Women

This study looks into working women's financial literacy in India. The survey looks on Indian women's knowledge of investing, savings, and insurance among other financial topics. A survey was distributed online to 500 working women of different ages and income levels as part of the study's quantitative research approach to gather data. The study's conclusions demonstrate that working women in India possess little to no financial literacy, with a very small proportion having enough knowledge of matters pertaining to money. The study also demonstrates the influence of a number of factors on women's financial literacy, including age, income, education, and work experience.

Women's Empowerment in Pakistan

In the light of globalization and technical breakthroughs, this study examines the complex history, current issues, and potential future directions of women's empowerment in Pakistan. This article starts with the moral obligation and societal advantages of gender equality before diving into the historical viewpoints of women's empowerment in Pakistan highlighting significant individuals and occasions, such as General Zia-ul-Haq's regime and Sir Syed Ahmad Khan's support for women's education. Opportunities for reaching gender parity through legislative reforms and political leadership are analyzed. Further, there is a focus on reasons why technology contributes to women's empowerment, especially in the aspects of economic, educational, and informational opportunities. Idea considered in this article is that education plays a crucial part in the liberation of women, the issue of gender equality as the key to sustainable development, and people's and governments' mutual cooperation in the face of retained inequality and the need for gender equality.

Women's School "Ratho Ebhu" to Empower Women in Stunting Prevention-Based Family Centered Nursing in Pamorah Village, Tragah Prefecture

Stunting is a national problem, the solution of which requires cross-sectoral cooperation. Stunting is a chronic condition that cannot be cured but can be controlled. The growth and development period for toddlers is a period that happens quickly and will never be repeated. Stunting cases in children can be used as a predictor of the low quality of a country's human resources. Stunting causes poor cognitive abilities, low productivity, and an increased risk of disease, resulting in long-term losses for the Indonesian economy. Pamorah Village is the 2022 stunting locus village; there are 26 stunted children. The results of interviews with partners leading the Pamorah Village PKK driving team found that health problems related to high cases of stunting in children are still a problem caused by several factors, including the low number of Posyandu visits, low immunization coverage, distant access to health services, high cases of early marriage, low awareness of clean and healthy living behavior, low levels of exclusive breastfeeding, child care is handed over to grandmothers because parents work outside the island so that nutritional parenting patterns follow grandmother's family culture, some pregnant women do not have check-ups with health workers and health facilities, short pregnancy intervals due to low number of mothers of productive age who use contraception. The aim of community service is to increase community knowledge and change community behavior in health through women's schools in an effort to prevent stunting. The expected output is a pocket book on women's school health education and training, as well as publications in the mass media, women's school learning plans, and the publication of community service journals.

Perjuangan Dewi Sartika Dalam Meningkatkan Mutu Pendidikan Wanita Sunda

This study aims to find out information about Dewi Sartika's struggle to improve the quality of women's education in the Sunda region. The development of women's organizations during the period of the national movement in Indonesia began in 1904 in the city of Bandung which was marked by the establishment of Kaoetamaan Istri, this organization was pioneered by Dewi Sartika. The purpose of the establishment of the Kaoetamaan Wife organization is to provide knowledge to women so they can read, write, count, and also have household skills. On January 16, 1904, Dewi Sartika founded a special school for women, named Sakola Wife. Then the name changed to Kaeotamaan Wife School, this school is growing. As the vision said by Dewi Sartika in Sundanese "Mun so awewe must have skills, kudu can do everything, ambeh can breathe", which means in Indonesian, namely "If you become a woman, you have to do everything in order to live". Therefore, this is important to know so that women are always educated so that they can develop in a better direction. This study uses qualitative methods in searching related data, in the form of data obtained from relevant journals and books. The results of the study can be concluded that Raden Dewi Sartika is someone who thinks big about justice and dares to be responsible for the decisions he chooses. Her noble aspiration to lead women to progress and not stop learning was realized in the establishment of an educational institution for women from which came to bring change and impart knowledge.

Women's Education in Refugee Communities of Post-Colonial Bengal

The word education is inextricably linked with our way of life. Because education makes people's intellectual and cultural heritage creative and dynamic. This education organizes people's mind, intellect and taste.In Bengal after the partition of British India in 1947. The refugees, coming from the eastern part of the erstwhile province of Bengal, spread all over West Bengal and in other parts of India. Many refugee 'colonies', which were a novel and distinct spatial arrangement in the urban morphology, came up in the Calcutta region and almost all of these had a primary school. The study of these schools and the general role of education in these settlements will reveal complex socio-economic dynamic of a population trying to carve out a niche on a new terrain. On the other hand, the government, from time to time, came up with various policies to meet the pressing demands that this huge influx of people put on it. Education and training were crucial part of the post-Partition regime of rehabilitation of the refugees.

Breaking Barriers: Leveraging Education for Women's Empowerment through Swarm Intelligence among Female Students

In India women’s condition is a matter of consideration. Women's empowerment is a crucial issue omnipresent, and education plays a determining role in crumbling barriers and nurturing empowerment among women. This research paper investigates the convergence of education, women's empowerment, and swarm intelligence among female students. Swarm intelligence defined as the collaborative behavior and problem-solving abilities paraded by groups of individuals, akin the behavior of natural swarms such as bees or ants. Drawing on conjectural frameworks and existential evidence, this paper examines how education can harness swarm intelligence among female students to overcome challenges, promote collaboration, and drive social change. Through a broad – gauged analysis, the paper explores the role of education in abetting swarm intelligence, the impact of swarm intelligence on women's empowerment, and strategies for promoting collaboration and leadership skills among female students. By consolidating existing literature and research findings, this research paper aims to contribute to the colloquy on women's empowerment and foreground the potential of education to unlock the collective capacity of female students through swarm intelligence.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF INTERIOR DESIGN AND NON – INTERIOR DESIGN STUDENTS PREFERENCES VIS-À-VIS HOME FURNISHINGS

This study was conducted among college students at Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore in the year 2023 to examine the design and colour preferences for home furnishings. The researcher selected 200 students from different disciplines to assess their preferences for home furnishings. One hundred samples were taken from the discipline of interior design, and another hundred from Homescience Extension Education, English, and Tamil disciplines. The results recommended that the interior design students preferred light colours for curtains and beddings.The statistical analysis revealed that at a significance level of 5%, the selection of curtain had the highest value, 15.560. Personal tastes significantly influenced 63.5% of the students in their selection of the furnishings.

Significant Challenges in Front of Indian Public Libraries in the Digital Era: an Overview

In this presented component, we are going to study about the challenges facing Indian public libraries and the strategies that can be helpful for address the challenges in the digital Era. A library is a place of collection of books, library is an ancient social institution with a long history parallel to human civilization. Books, readers, and librarians are the three main components of a library. Mahatma Jotirao Phule, the pioneer of women's education, said that lack of education is the main reason behind the backwardness of the society. In the digital Era, knowledge is said to be power, man's power increases with his knowledge. Therefore, man should convert every moment of his life to add knowledge and increase his strength. Since ancient times, such knowledge has been preserved in the form of books, books are considered very valuable. The best place to acquire knowledge is the library and information center, there are various types of knowledge tools for imparting knowledge to the general public. Education should reach every section of the society as the circle of knowledge widens every day. To make the society progressive, remove the ignorance in the society, increase the appetite for knowledge among the readers and overall development of the society, there is no alternative but public libraries.

Socioeconomic inequality and urban-rural disparity of antenatal care visits in Bangladesh: A trend and decomposition analysis.

Socioeconomic inequality in antenatal care visits is a great concern in developing countries including Bangladesh; however, there is a scarcity of investigation to assess the factors of inequality and these changes over time. In this study, we investigated the trend of socioeconomic inequalities (2004-2017) in 1+ANC and 4+ANC visits, and extracted determinants contributions to the observed inequalities and urban-rural disparities in Bangladesh over the period from 2011 to 2017. The data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) conducted in 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2017 were analyzed in this study. The analysis began with exploratory and bivariate analysis, followed by the application of logistic regression models. To measure the inequalities, the Erreygers concentration index was used, and regression-based decomposition analyses were utilized to unravel the determinant's contribution to the observed inequalities. The Blinder-Oaxaca type decomposition is also used to decompose the urban-rural disparity into the factors. Our analysis results showed that the prevalence of 1+ANC and 4+ANC visits has increased across all the determinants, although the rate of 4+ANC visits remains notably low. The magnitudes of socioeconomic inequality in 4+ANC visits represented an irregular pattern at both the national and urban levels, whereas it increased gradually in rural Bangladesh. However, inequalities in 1+ANC visits declined substantially after 2011 across the national, rural and urban areas of Bangladesh. Decomposition analyses have suggested that wealth status, women's education, place of residence (only for 4+ANC visits), caesarean delivery, husband education, and watching television (TV) are the main determinants to attribute and changes in the level of inequality and urban-rural disparity between the years 2011 and 2017. According to the findings of our study, it is imperative for authorities to ensure antenatal care visits are more accessible for rural and underprivileged women. Additionally, should focus on delivering high-quality education, ensuring the completion of education, reducing income disparity as well as launching a program to enhance awareness about health facilities, and the impact of caesarean delivery.

Mother Africa: The long run effects of income shocks on fertility

We revisit the effect of long run income growth on population fertility in some of the poorest countries in the world. Causal inference is enabled through proxying income windfalls by oil price shocks in oil rich versus oil poor provinces. We find that long run income growth, following oil windfalls, significantly and robustly reduces fertility in oil producing provinces. To explain these results, we document that oil windfalls have translated to higher incomes in oil-producing provinces promoting parents to invest in the human capital of their children, in terms of acquiring more schooling and delaying girls’ age of marriage. Investing in women's education has persisted over the long-run causing a further delay in the age of first marriage and the giving of first birth.

Socioeconomic inequality in timing of ANC visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia, 2019.

Antenatal care (ANC) remains an invaluable approach to preventive care for ensuring maternal and infant health outcomes. Women in sub-Saharan Africa tend to delay their first antenatal care visits. In Ethiopia, only 20% of women received their first antenatal care during the first trimester of pregnancy. Timely and appropriate antenatal care practices can potentially save the lives of both mothers and children. Understanding socioeconomic inequality in the timing of antenatal care visits and its determinants may contribute to tackling disparities and achieving the sustainable development goals for maternal health. This study aimed to assess the socioeconomic inequality in the timing of antenatal care visit. Secondary data sourced from the Mini Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2019 were used for this study. A total of 2,906 pregnant women were included in the study, and concentration curves were used to show inequality among sociodemographic and economic variables. Decomposition analysis was performed to estimate the contribution of each independent variable to the inequality in the timing of antenatal care visits. The estimate of early initiation of antenatal care was 63%. The concentration index was 0.18 (P < 0.001). The inequality in the timing of antenatal care visit was more concentrated among the wealthiest pregnant women with a concentration index value of 0.18 (P < 0.001). Based on decomposition analysis results, the wealth index (81.9%.), education status (22.29%), and region (0.0642%) were identified as contributing factors to the inequality in the timing of antenatal care visits among women. The wealth index, educational status, and region were significant contributors to inequality in the early initiation of antenatal care visit. Improving women's wealth and education and narrowing the inequality gap are crucial for improving the health status of women and their children. We should focus on interventions targeted at early antenatal care visit to address the determinants of socioeconomic inequities.