Body Fat In Women Research Articles

The acute effects of exercise-induced energy expenditure on physical activity energy expenditure

<p style="text-align: justify;">Exercise-induced energy expenditure (ExEE) is commonly adopted as a mean to volitional body mass loss. ExEE can also modulate physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and potentially limit the rate of body mass loss. The detrimental effect of ExEE on PAEE may be more prevalent in women than in men. This study was to investigate the sex differences in regulation of PAEE and body mass change following an acute exercise-induced perturbation in energy balance. <strong> </strong>In this 3-week study, 4 men and 6 women with body mass index (BMI) of 28.8 ± 2.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup> were required to exercise on a leg ergometer, expending 15% of their total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) in each exercise session of week two (Exercise week). Participants had to complete three exercise sessions within the same week and on non-consecutive days. PAEE was assessed via wrist-worn accelerometers over the entire study period. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition were measured at the beginning of the study. Men had significantly greater stature (p=0.021), body mass (p=0.035) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) (p=0.01) than women. Whereas women body fat % was significantly greater than men (p=0.004). At the end of the study, there was no significant difference body mass % change (p=0.409) and ExEE (p=0.91) between men and women. There was no significant main effect of time for PAEE (p=0.613), or between sex (p=0.470). Three bouts of ExEE performed within the same week did not alter PAEE in men and women with overweight and obesity.</p>

Relationship of Body Fat Distribution and Anthropometric Status with Lipid Profiles in Ethnic Minang Adult Women

Background The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing, and it is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. One of the indicators of metabolic syndrome is dyslipidemia. Objective This study analyzes adult women's body fat distribution, anthropometric status, and lipid profiles. Methods This study used a cross-sectional design with simple random sampling. A total of 159 adult women aged 25-44 living in the Pesisir Selatan district participated in the study. Ethical approval was obtained, and the respondents were not taking cholesterol-lowering drugs. Body fat distribution, anthropometric status, and lipid profile data were assessed using standard procedures and compared with the categories recommended for Indonesian women. Results The average age of respondents was 36.6 years. 45.3% of the respondents suffered from dyslipidemia. Most of them were obese based on BMI and had central obesity based on WC. Additionally, 76% had an above-normal fat mass. Lipid profile data showed that some (45.3%) had high total cholesterol, 44% had high LDL, 8% had high TG, and a small proportion (15%) had low HDL levels. There was a significant relationship (p < 0.01) between body fat distribution and anthropometric status with lipid profiles, except for total cholesterol (p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between body fat percentage, BMI, and WC with HDL, while a positive correlation existed between body fat percentage, BMI, and WC with TG and LDL levels. Conclusions Obesity is found to be higher, and dyslipidemia begins to occur in women at a younger age, increasing the risk of metabolic syndrome. Education and routine screening are necessary to prevent non-communicable diseases.

Usefulness of Body Fat and Visceral Fat Determined by Bioimpedanciometry versus Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference in Predicting Elevated Values of Different Risk Scales for Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Obesity constitutes a public health problem worldwide and causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (MALFD), the leading cause of liver disease in developed countries, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. MAFLD is associated with obesity and can be evaluated by validated formulas to assess MAFLD risk using different parameters such as the body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). However, these parameters do not accurately measure body fat. As MAFLD is strongly associated with obesity, we hypothesize that measuring body and visceral fat by electrical bioimpedance is an efficient method to predict the risk of MAFLD. The objective of our work was to demonstrate that electrical bioimpedance is a more efficient method than the BMI or WC to predict an elevated risk of MAFLD. A cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 8590 Spanish workers in the Balearic Islands was carried out. The study's sample of employees was drawn from those who underwent occupational medicine examinations between January 2019 and December 2020. Five MAFLD risk scales were determined for evaluating very high levels of body fat and visceral fat. The determination of body and visceral fat was performed using bioimpedanciometry. Student's t-test was employed to ascertain the mean and standard deviation of quantitative data. The chi-square test was used to find prevalences for qualitative variables, while ROC curves were used to define the cut-off points for body and visceral fat. The calculations included the area under the curve (AUC), the cut-off points along with their Youden index, sensitivity, and specificity. Correlation and concordance between the various scales were determined using Pearson's correlation index and Cohen's kappa, respectively. As both total body fat and visceral fat increase, the risk of MAFLD increases with a statistically significant result (p < 0.001), presenting a higher risk in men. The areas under the curve (AUC) of the five scales that assess overweight and obesity to determine the occurrence of high values of the different MAFLD risk scales were very high, most of them exceeding 0.9. These AUC values were higher for visceral and body fat than for the BMI or waist circumference. FLD-high presented the best results in men and women with the AUC at around 0.97, both for visceral fat and total body fat, with a high Youden index in all cases (women body fat = 0.830, visceral fat = 0.892; men body fat = 0.780, visceral fat = 0.881). In our study, all the overweight and obesity scales show a very good association with the scales assessing the risk of MAFLD. These values are higher for visceral and body fat than for waist circumference and the BMI. Both visceral fat and body fat are better associated than the BMI and waist circumference with MAFLD risk scales.

Anthropometric indicators and their relationship with body fat in obese women.

To determine the anthropometric indicator of best correlation with body fat in women with obesity aged 20 to 59 years. A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted. The percentage of body fat was determined (% GC) and lipid profile (LDL, TG, CT), Body Mass Index (BMI), Hip Waist Index (ICC), Waist Height Index (ICE), Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BSI), Hip Height Index (HSI) and Body Weight by Height Index (BWI). Seven hundred and eighty obese women were selected by random cluster sampling. The correlation of the mean % GC with anthropometric indicators was: BMI:0.697, ICC: 0.661, ECI: 0.910, CI: 0.587, ICadE: 0.323, CAI: 0.578, EICP: 0.549. The lipid profile correlation with anthropometric variables and indices was: LDL (BMI: 0.615, ICC: 0.765, ECI: 0.881, CSI: 0.535, ICadE: 0.588, ECDI: 0.492), TG (BMI: 0.690, ICC: 0.776, ICE: 0.855, CI:0.625, CI: 0.572, CIadE: 0.632, EICP: 0.631) Y TC (BMI: 0.699, ICC: 0.715, ECI: 0.829, CI: 0.601, ACI: 0.609, CIadE: 0.709, EICP: 0.500) High correlation between % GC and Waist Circumference. Waist Height Index had a better correlation with Body Fat. Keywords: obesity; health; women; nutritional status

Anthropometric indicators and their relationship with body fat in obese women.

To determine the anthropometric indicator of best correlation with body fat in women with obesity aged 20 to 59 years. A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted. The percentage of body fat was determined (% GC) and lipid profile (LDL, TG, CT), Body Mass Index (BMI), Hip Waist Index (ICC), Waist Height Index (ICE), Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BSI), Hip Height Index (HSI) and Body Weight by Height Index (BWI). Seven hundred and eighty obese women were selected by random cluster sampling. The correlation of the mean % GC with anthropometric indicators was: BMI:0.697, ICC: 0.661, ECI: 0.910, CI: 0.587, ICadE: 0.323, CAI: 0.578, EICP: 0.549. The lipid profile correlation with anthropometric variables and indices was: LDL (BMI: 0.615, ICC: 0.765, ECI: 0.881, CSI: 0.535, ICadE: 0.588, ECDI: 0.492), TG (BMI: 0.690, ICC: 0.776, ICE: 0.855, CI:0.625, CI: 0.572, CIadE: 0.632, EICP: 0.631) Y TC (BMI: 0.699, ICC: 0.715, ECI: 0.829, CI: 0.601, ACI: 0.609, CIadE: 0.709, EICP: 0.500) High correlation between % GC and Waist Circumference. Waist Height Index had a better correlation with Body Fat. Keywords: obesity; health; women; nutritional status

Anthropometric indicators and their relationship with body fat in obese women.

To determine the anthropometric indicator of best correlation with body fat in women with obesity aged 20 to 59 years. A correlational cross-sectional study was conducted. The percentage of body fat was determined (% GC) and lipid profile (LDL, TG, CT), Body Mass Index (BMI), Hip Waist Index (ICC), Waist Height Index (ICE), Conicity Index (CI), Body Adiposity Index (BSI), Hip Height Index (HSI) and Body Weight by Height Index (BWI). Seven hundred and eighty obese women were selected by random cluster sampling. The correlation of the mean % GC with anthropometric indicators was: BMI:0.697, ICC: 0.661, ECI: 0.910, CI: 0.587, ICadE: 0.323, CAI: 0.578, EICP: 0.549. The lipid profile correlation with anthropometric variables and indices was: LDL (BMI: 0.615, ICC: 0.765, ECI: 0.881, CSI: 0.535, ICadE: 0.588, ECDI: 0.492), TG (BMI: 0.690, ICC: 0.776, ICE: 0.855, CI:0.625, CI: 0.572, CIadE: 0.632, EICP: 0.631) Y TC (BMI: 0.699, ICC: 0.715, ECI: 0.829, CI: 0.601, ACI: 0.609, CIadE: 0.709, EICP: 0.500) High correlation between % GC and Waist Circumference. Waist Height Index had a better correlation with Body Fat. Keywords: obesity; health; women; nutritional status

Excess adiposity contributes to higher ambulatory central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in physically inactive young adults.

It remains unknown if physical inactivity and excess adiposity increases 24-h central blood pressure and arterial stiffness in young adults. This study examined 24-h central blood pressure and indirect measures of arterial stiffness (e.g., central pulse pressure) in physically inactive young adults with and without excess adiposity. Body fat and ambulatory 24-h blood pressure were measured in 31 young adults (men: 22±4 years, N.=15; women: 22±5 years, N=16). Multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance measured body fat. Normal adiposity was defined as <20% body fat in men and <32% body fat in women, whereas excess adiposity was defined as ≥20% and ≥32% in men and women, respectively. Ambulatory 24-h central blood pressure was calculated based on brachial blood pressure and volumetric displacement waveforms. By design, the normal adiposity group had a lower body fat percentage (men: 15.5±4.6%; women: 20.8±2.5%) compared to the physically inactive excess adiposity group (men: 29.8±5.4%; women: 34.3±7.5%). Men and women with excess adiposity group had elevated central blood pressure (central systolic, P<0.05 vs. normal adiposity groups). Central pulse pressure was elevated in the excess adiposity group (men: 45±5 mmHg; women: 41±9 mmHg) compared to normal adiposity groups (men: 36±4 mmHg; women: 32±3 mmHg, P<0.05 for both), while other arterial stiffness (augmentation index and ambulatory arterial stiffness index) measures trended toward significance only in men with excess adiposity. Physically inactive men and women with excess adiposity have increased 24h central blood pressure and pulse pressure compared to physically inactive young adults with normal adiposity.

The picky men: Men's preference for women's body differed among attractiveness, health, and fertility conditions

The health and fertility hypothesis suggests that low body weight young women are healthy and fertile, thereby judged as attractive to men. Although it has been widely accepted, few studies have tested the health and fertility hypothesis on a perceptual level, that is whether the most attractive female body is also perceived as the healthiest and most fertile. In the current study, we investigated young and older men's preferences women's body weight, using 3D human body models. With an interactive body preference task, men chose the BMI and body fat of women's body shapes perceived as most attractive, healthiest and most fertile. The results showed that both young and older men had similar patterns of preferences for women's bodies. For BMI, the most attractive body weight was not seen as the healthiest or the most fertile. Compared to the most attractive BMI, higher BMI was required to be seen as the healthiest and this figure was even higher for fertility judgements. Body fat generally showed similar patterns of results as BMI. Our findings challenge the health and fertility hypothesis and point to the alternative explanation that the judgement of women's attractiveness tracks cues indicating youth and low parity.

Joint associations between objectively measured physical activity volume and intensity with body fatness: the Fenland study

Background/ObjectivesPhysical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) represents the total volume of all physical activity. This can be accumulated as different underlying intensity profiles. Although volume and intensity have been studied in isolation, less is known about their joint association with health. We examined this association with body fatness in a population-based sample of middle-aged British adults.MethodsIn total, 6148 women and 5320 men from the Fenland study with objectively measured physical activity from individually calibrated combined heart rate and movement sensing and DXA-derived body fat percentage (BF%) were included in the analyses. We used linear and compositional isocaloric substitution analysis to examine associations of PAEE and its intensity composition with body fatness. Sex-stratified models were adjusted for socio-economic and dietary covariates.ResultsPAEE was inversely associated with body fatness in women (beta = −0.16 (95% CI: −0.17; −0.15) BF% per kJ day−1 kg−1) and men (beta = −0.09 (95% CI: −0.10; −0.08) BF% per kJ day−1 kg−1). Intensity composition was significantly associated with body fatness, beyond that of PAEE; the reallocation of energy to vigorous physical activity (>6 METs) from other intensities was associated with less body fatness, whereas light activity (1.5–3 METs) was positively associated. However, light activity was the main driver of overall PAEE volume, and the relative importance of intensity was marginal compared to that of volume; the difference between PAEE in tertile 1 and 2 in women was associated with 3 percentage-point lower BF%. Higher vigorous physical activity in the same group to the maximum observed value was associated with 1 percentage-point lower BF%.ConclusionsIn this large, population-based cohort study with objective measures, PAEE was inversely associated with body fatness. Beyond the PAEE association, greater levels of intense activity were also associated with lower body fatness. This contribution was marginal relative to PAEE. These findings support current guidelines for physical activity which emphasise that any movement is beneficial, rather than specific activity intensity or duration targets.

Differences of body composition and physical strength among Japanese and Thai older adults living in Chiang Mai, Thailand: an inter-ethnic cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe number of adults aged over 65 years is rapidly increasing in several Southeast Asian countries. Muscle mass decreases with age, leading to sarcopenia. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether differences exist in the body composition and physical strength, according to ethnicity, among community-dwelling Japanese and Thai older adults living in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.MethodsA survey was conducted in February and March 2019. Japanese and Thai adults aged ≥ 60 years living in Chiang Mai Province were recruited through community clubs. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire that enabled collection of data on age, sex, educational background, marital status, annual income, current medical conditions, smoking and alcohol consumption, and exercise habits. Measurements were collected on height, weight, body composition, blood pressure, hand grip, and walking speed for 6 m. Body composition was measured using a standing-posture 8-electrode multifrequency bioimpedance analysis analyzer. Hand grip of each hand was measured with the patient in the standing position using a digital grip dynamometer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with skeletal muscle mass index (SMI).ResultsOf the total 119 participants, 47 were Japanese (26 men, 21 women) and 72 were Thai (16 men, 56 women). The prevalence of a low SMI was 3/26 (12%), 1/21 (5%), 6/16 (38%), and 5/56 (9%) among Japanese men, Japanese women, Thai men, and Thai women, respectively. The prevalence of low muscle strength was 2/26 (8%), 2/21 (10%), 3/16 (19%), and 13/56 (23%) among Japanese men, Japanese women, Thai men, and Thai women, respectively. There were significant differences between ethnic groups in body mass index for both sexes, percentage body fat in women, SMI in men, and average grip strength in men. Ethnic group, sex, age, and body mass index were independent predictors of SMI.ConclusionsEthnicity had a clinically important effect on body composition and physical strength among older Japanese and Thai adults living in a similar environment.

Syndrome Metabolic Markers, Fitness and Body Fat Is Associated with Sleep Quality in Women with Severe/Morbid Obesity.

Background: Sleep is an important modulator of neuroendocrine function and glucose metabolism. Poor sleep quality is related to metabolic and endocrine alterations, including decreased glucose tolerance, decreased insulin sensitivity, and increased hunger and appetite. Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the association between sleep quality with metabolic syndrome (MetS) markers, fitness and body fat of women with severe/morbid obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 26 women with severe/morbid obesity. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), high-density lipids (HDL-c), triglycerides (TGs), and the metabolic outcomes total cholesterol (Tc) and low-density lipids (LDL-c), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body composition and fitness were measured. Results: Poor sleep quality showed a positive association with body fat (%) ≥ 48.2 (OR; 8.39, 95% CI; 1.13–62.14, p = 0.037), morbid obesity (OR; 8.44, 95% CI; 1.15–66.0, p = 0.036), glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL (OR; 8.44, 95% CI; 1.15–66.0, p = 0.036) and relative handgrip strength ≤ 0.66 (OR; 12.2, 95% CI; 1.79–83.09, p = 0.011). Conclusion: sleep quality is associated with health markers in women with severe/morbid obesity.

C-reactive protein in adult Samoans: Population variation and physiological correlates.

C-reactive protein (CRP) has been associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic disease risk in many populations but remains remarkably understudied in Pacific Islander populations. Here, we provide the first examination of correlates of CRP in adult Samoans (n=108, ages 35-55 years) to test the hypotheses that CRP exhibits sex-dependent associations with measures of BMI, adiposity, and cardiometabolic disease risks. We analyzed associations between measures of adiposity (total fat mass, visceral fat mass, percent total body fat), body mass index (BMI), cardiometabolic risks, behaviors, demographics, and CRP. Unadjusted analyses of CRP were undertaken using Pearson's pairwise, and Spearman's rank correlations; one-way analysis of variance and Kruskal-Wallis tests assessed variables by CRP quartiles. Adjusted analyses of CRP correlates were examined using generalized linear regression. Serum CRP ranged from 0.08 to 13.3mg/L (median 1.4mg/L) and varied significantly by sex t (108)=-2.47, p=.015. CRP was weakly to moderately associated with measures of adiposity and BMI (r and ρ ranged between 0.25 and 0.50, p < .05) and some cardiometabolic markers (including HbA1c, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance). CRP was significantly associated with percent body fat in women and men, adjusting for other variables. These data are among the first to demonstrate CRP correlates in a sample of adult Samoans. CRP differed by sex and was associated with BMI, adiposity, and some cardiometabolic risk markers. These data align with findings in other populations.

The Relationship between "Shofuku-Fujin" (Abnormality of Abdominal Examination in Japanese Kampo Medicine) and Body Composition by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Shofuku-fujin is an abnormal physical finding in Kampo medical practice. It is assumed to be often found in the elderly and contributes to the selection of Kampo formulas used mainly in elderly patients. However, few objective reports about Shofuku-fujin have been published to date. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical features of patients showing Shofuku-fujin by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and to objectively assess the potential clinical implications of these findings. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 1330 patients who visited our institute to undergo a medical examination by using data collected from September 2010 to March 2016. We extracted data on patient sex and age, anthropometric data, and body composition data that could potentially affect the appearance of Shofuku-fujin. Logistic regression analyses were performed by sex to analyze the various factors related to the appearance of Shofuku-fujin. Of the 1330 patients, the data of 386 men and 942 women were used for analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that Shofuku-fujin was associated with older age (odds ratio (OR), 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–1.10; p < 0.001), lower skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.85; p = 0.004), and lower body fat percentage (OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.85–0.93; p < 0.001) in men and older age (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.07, p < 0.001) and lower body fat percentage (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.92–0.96; p < 0.001) in women. On the basis of these results, the factors causing the appearance of Shofuku-fujin were aging, decreased muscle mass, and decreased body fat in men and aging and decreased body fat in women. Our results demonstrated that it may be better to consider a loss of muscle mass when examining a male patient with Shofuku-fujin.

Eating behavior and body composition in Chilean young adults

BackgroundNotable weight gain is observed during young adulthood, compared to other adult age groups, yet the relation between eating behavior and body composition at this stage remains poorly understood. ObjectiveThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the association between eating behavior scores (cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating), and body composition in a sample of Chilean young adults. MethodsLogistic and linear regression models assessed the independent associations between cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, and emotional eating, derived from the Three Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18, and body mass index (BMI), percent body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and central obesity, accounting for demographic covariates, stratified by sex, in a sample of 555 participants of the Santiago Longitudinal Study (mean age 22.6 years [SD 0.4]). ResultsCognitive restraint was positively associated with obesity, defined by BMI, % body fat, and central obesity. Emotional eating was related to obesity, defined by % body fat and central obesity in men and women and to obesity, defined by BMI, in women. Cognitive restraint was related to BMI in men and % body fat in women. Uncontrolled eating was not associated with adiposity in men or women. ConclusionsIn Chilean young adults, cognitive restraint and emotional eating scores were associated with higher BMI, elevated percent body fat, and greater central obesity.

Differences in body composition and grip between Japanese and Thai older people living in Thailand

Abstract Background Age-related muscle mass loss is one of the main risk factors for osteoporosis and fractures among older people. Thus, prevention of muscle mass loss in older people is an important issue. We examined ethnic group-related differences in body composition and grip strength among older people living in the same area. Methods We measured body composition and grip strength among local Thai older people living in Chiang Mai Province, as well as in Japanese older people who emigrated to Chiang Mai Province in their retirement. A self-reported questionnaire regarding socio-demographic status was also administered. Measurement items were averaged and compared by sex and ethnic group. Questionnaire items were also categorized by sex and ethnic group. Results A total of 119 older people participated, including 47 Japanese participants (26 men, 21 women) and 72 Thai participants (16 men, 56 women). The average age of Japanese participants was 71.1 years (standard deviation: 4.89), and the average age of Thai participants was 68.8 years (standard deviation: 5.61). Significant differences between ethnic groups were found in percentage of body fat in women (Japanese average: 32.9% vs. Thai average: 37.6%, p &amp;lt; 0.05), skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) in men (Japanese average: 7.85 kg/m2 vs. Thai average: 7.31 kg/m2, p &amp;lt; 0.05) and average grip strength in men (Japanese: 35.1 kg vs. Thai: 30.7 kg, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions Our preliminary results suggest that Thai older people, particularly men, are weaker than Japanese older people. Decreased muscle mass is directly responsible for functional impairment, involving loss of strength, increased likelihood of falls, and loss of autonomy. Preventing muscle weakness among older people is important. In future studies, we plan to analyze and clarify the differences between Thai and Japanese older people to identify effective methods to prevent muscle mass decreases. Key messages There were significant differences in average % body fat between older Japanese and Thai women. There were significant differences in average SMI and grip strength between older Japanese and Thai men.

Body fatness over the life course and risk of serrated polyps and conventional adenomas.

Serrated polyps (SPs) and conventional adenomas represent 2 distinct groups of colorectal premalignancy. The influence of early life adiposity on risk of these precursors remains unclear. Within the Nurses' Health Study, the Nurses' Health Study 2, and the Health Professionals Follow-up Study, we assessed body fatness during childhood using 9-level somatotype and obtained weight and body mass index (BMI) in adulthood. We used multivariable-adjusted logistic regression to examine the association of SPs and conventional adenomas with body fatness in early childhood (age 5), late childhood (age 10), early adulthood (age 18/21) and middle adulthood (baseline) and weight change during early-to-middle adulthood. During 18-20 years of follow-up, we documented 8,697 SPs and 10,219 conventional adenomas in 132,514 women; 2,403 SPs and 4,495 conventional adenomas in 29,207 men. We found a modest positive association of adiposity in early and late childhood with risk of SPs and conventional adenomas, with odds ratios ranging from 1.12 to 1.18 for comparison of extreme somatotypes groups. The associations were attenuated after adjusting for adulthood BMI but remained significant for conventional adenomas. No association with early life body fatness was found in men. Adulthood body fatness and weight change during early-to-middle adulthood showed positive relationships with SPs and conventional adenomas in both women and men, with stronger associations observed for SPs (pheterogeneity < 0.0001). Our findings indicated a potential role in development of colorectal cancer precursors of childhood body fatness in women, and early-to-middle adulthood weight gain and attained adiposity in both sexes.

Vitamin D binding protein is related to cardiac autonomic function and metabolic status in prediabetes

A putative causal relationship between vitamin D status and glucose metabolism and a direct effect of vitamin D on cardiac autonomic function (CAF) have been suggested. We hypothesized that vitamin D binding protein (DBP), as a transporter of vitamin D, might also influence CAF and the overall metabolic risk. The present study aims to assess the relationship between DBP and CAF and metabolic status in a high-risk population with prediabetes. A total of 174 subjects (mean age 49.1±12.9 years, mean body mass index 30.2±6.2 kg/m2) were divided into 2 groups according to glucose tolerance: 48 with normal glucose tolerance and 126 with prediabetes. Glucose tolerance was assessed during oral glucose tolerance test, applying 2006 World Health Organization criteria. Fasting and postload glucose and immunoreactive insulin were measured (homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function were calculated). Anthropometric indexes, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, creatinine, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, total 25-hydroxyvitamin D, DBP (free 25-hydroxyvitamin D was calculated), and intact parathormone were measured. Body composition was estimated by impedance analysis (InBody 720), whereas tissue advanced glycation end products were assessed by skin autofluorescence (AGE Reader, DiagnOptics, the Netherlands). CAF was evaluated by АNX-3.0 system, applying standard autonomic tests. DBP was found to be elevated in women, as well as in the presence of cardiac autonomic dysfunction and metabolic syndrome. DBP was related to parasympathetic activity in both sexes and in prediabetes; to body fat in women and in prediabetes; and to age and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in men. Vitamin D deficiency was established in 40.8% of the studied cohort. These results support the hypothesis that DBP is associated with CAF and some metabolic parameters in prediabetes.

Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Metabolism Is Associated with Total Body Composition and Influenced by Normal Weight Obesity (P21-039-19)

ObjectivesObesity, body composition, and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles in the development of metabolic diseases, but it is unknown if increased visceral fat (VF) specifically alters mitochondrial bioenergetic capacity. We determined whether in vivo and ex vivo bioenergetic indexes are associated with total body composition, visceral fat (VF), and body composition subtypes. MethodsThis pilot study included 34 healthy adults (56% female, median age 27.9 y). Body composition and fat distribution were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Subjects were categorized as lean (BMI < 25 kg/m2, n = 14), normal weight obese (NWO, BMI < 25 kg/m2 and >30% body fat in women or >23% body fat in men, n = 8), or overweight/obese (O/O, BMI > 25 kg/m2, n = 12). Ex vivo mitochondrial function was assessed using a Seahorse extracellular flux analyzer in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and isolated monocytes. In a subset (n = 21), maximum in vivo ATP synthesis was assessed in the quadriceps using 31P-Magnetic resonance spectroscopy based on the phosphocreatine recovery time constant (τPCr) following a standardized leg exercise. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlations and Kruskal-Wallis tests. ResultsIn monocytes, but not PBMCs, % spare respiratory capacity was inversely associated with % body fat (r = −0.42, P = 0.02) and positively associated with lean body mass (r = 0.36, P = 0.04) but was not significantly associated with VF. Skeletal muscle τPCr was positively associated with % body fat (r = 0.58, P < 0.01) and total body fat (r = 0.53, P = 0.02) but not VF. Subjects with NWO had the highest τPCr (P = 0.01) and lowest % spare respiratory capacity (P = 0.09 and 0.03 in monocytes and PBMCs, respectively) compared to lean or O/O subjects. ConclusionsTotal body fat, but not VF, was associated with impaired mitochondrial function as shown by increased post-exercise recovery time in skeletal muscle and decreased response to energy demands in circulating cells. Adults with NWO had worse bioenergetic capacity than O/O or lean adults. These data provide insight on the relationships between human body composition and mitochondrial energy metabolism, which plays a role in metabolic disease progression. Funding SourcesNational Institutes of Health, Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance.

The Effectiveness of 8 Weeks Low Impact Aerobics and Yoga Combination Program on Body Fat Percentage among Obese Female

The prevalence of obesity of adult women in Indonesia has increased recently. Obesity among adult women will lead to health problems such as diabetes until coronary heart disease. The aim of this quasy experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of the 8-week exercise program combining low impact aerobics and yoga on the percentage of body fat in women in 2017. The subjects of this study were 12 Unesa female studentss with criteria to have Body Mass Index (BMI) obese category with age 19-24 years. The effectiveness of the 8-week low-impact exercise program of aerobics and yoga on the percentage of body fat was measured using anthropometric methods with skinfold caliper techniques measured before and after the treatment of training programs. Based on the results of calculations using t test on the percentage of body fat then 8-week exercise program combination of low impact aerobics and yoga effective in reducing body fat with an average percentage decreased of 10.56%.

Relationship between body fat and diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes: a nationwide survey in Korea.

To evaluate the association of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and body fat with diabetic retinopathy (DR) in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the 1130 participants 19 years of age or older with type 2 diabetes enrolled in the nationwide survey, a total of 887 participants were included in the analyses after excluding patients with ungradable fundus images. The presence and severity of DR were graded with seven-field fundus photographs. The associations between DR and anthropometric parameters and total body fat, which was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analysed using multivariate logistic regression models. Patients were divided into three groups according to severity of DR: no DR (n = 702, 79.1%), mild/moderate DR (n = 130, 14.7%), and vision-threatening DR (n = 55, 6.2%). In multivariate-adjusted analyses, higher BMI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.92; P = 0.001), larger waist circumference (aOR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91-1.00; P = 0.047), and higher total body fat (aOR, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.79-0.92; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with a lower risk of vision-threatening DR. In sex-stratified analyses, however, only total body fat in women showed a significant inverse association with the presence of DR (aOR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.88-0.98; P < 0.001) and independently with the severity of DR (P for trend = 0.004). In Korean patients with type 2 diabetes, obese patients might be less likely to have vision-threatening DR. Total body fat in women appears to be inversely and independently associated with DR prevalence and progression.