Women's Basketball Research Articles

Playing Like Ladies: Basketball, Netball and Feminine Restraint

Women's basket ball, which was adapted into the game now known as netball, developed in the late nineteenth-century in the US when education for women was in its early stages. Exercise in these institutions was promoted by early educationists, partly to offset the deleterious effects of 'brain work' for women. While vigorous exercise for women was a contested activity, basket ball and then netball in England were accepted because despite being vigorous games they appeared to conform to dominant understandings of femininity as a form of physical restraint. This acceptance saw netball become the leading women's game in many Commonwealth countries throughout the twentieth century. Both games are examined as cultural artefacts, embodying the values of their time.

Leader succession: does gender matter?

Leader succession is a traumatic event in any organization and unfortunately the list of successor candidates rarely includes women. In order to extend current knowledge regarding leader succession, this study examines the effect of leader successor gender on post‐succession performance. Juxtaposes theories regarding gender stereotypes, organization leadership, and leadership succession. Hypotheses are tested using a sample from one of few forums that yields a sufficient mix of male and female leaders – US NCAA Division I women's head basketball coaches. Results suggest neither gender outperforms the other. More importantly, finds that gender successor origin moderates the relationship between the gender of the successor and short‐term organizational performance.

NAGWS: Core Values through the Years

The National Association for Girls and Women in Sport (NAGWS) began in 1899 and has continued to positively impact society through many name and structure changes. Core values have always guided NAGWS in its broad mission to increase participation and leadership opportunities for girls and women. NAGWS' role in the fight for female equality has evolved through societal changes and changing attitudes toward women in sport. However, the core values reflected in for girl and woman, and girl and woman in a sport have remained. First 100 Years In the 1800's professionals believed that women were not physically strong enough to survive the rigors of college. The introduction of physical education and hygiene courses helped make female college attendance acceptable. By the 1900's, and formal exercise dominated both women's and men's physical education programs. Men's athletics, organized by students without administrative sanction, resulted in a division between men's physical education and athletics. In contrast, women's developed within the educational context. Because female physical educators had control of women's athletics, core educational philosophies and values remained similar for class instruction, intramural, and extramural sports. In 1892, basketball was introduced at Smith College, and it rapidly became popular among women students. Schools and colleges began printing their own rules, which resulted in different rules appearing nationwide. In response, in 1899, the American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education (AAAPE) appointed the Women's Basketball Rules Committee to write one set of rules. This rule-making body was the forerunner of NAGWS. Through a succession of name and structure changes, this group assumed responsibility for women's rules, officiating, and governance for many sports. Educational values guided the philosophy of proper behavior and appropriateness of competition. As intercollegiate competition progressed, many female physical educators became concerned about the problems they saw with men's athletics and began substituting intramural programs. However, girls' basketball thrived in small towns. These games, played mainly outside the educational system, generally had little crowd control, poor sportsmanship, and excessive roughness. This brought condemnation of interscholastic from both physicians and physical educators. Controversy continued over control of women's athletics. Between 1917 and 1957, NAGWS experienced four name and structure changes. Although women leaders promoted for girls and women, they objected to intensive training for the few and the exploitation of athletes. The following values dictated the direction for girls and women's for the next half century: every girl in a and a for girl, play for play's sake, and qualified women in immediate charge of athletic and other physical activities. During this time, two popular types of participation were play days and sports days. Although structurally different, the emphasis for both was on fun and social development. However, varsity competition that remained popular in some parts of the country was usually administered outside of this structure. In addition, some women leaders began to endorse intercollegiate contests. In 1957, Division for Girls' and Women's Sports (DGWS) evolved. Earlier philosophy and values continued, but with added recognition of the highly skilled. Interscholastic and intercollegiate were accepted as extensions of the instructional or intramural programs. The new pyramid model of athletics included highly competitive opportunities for girls and women as long as educational values remained primary. DGWS supported agencies with similar values that fostered elite competition. The Commission for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (CIAW) was organized in 1967 as a substructure of DGWS to control intercollegiate sports, while the National Federation of State High School Associations was recommended to control interscholastic sports. …

ATHLETES' ATTRIBUTIONS FOR TEAM PERFORMANCE: A THEORETICAL TEST ACROSS SPORTS AND GENDERS

This study investigated reasons that men and women college athletes gave for their teams' performances. Different predictions drawn from ego-serving bias theory (Miller & Ross, 1975), self-esteem theory (Dittes, 1959; Jones, 1973), and cognitive consistency theory (Festinger, 1957; Heider, 1958) were tested. Across three studies, men and women basketball players, and men football players responded to a measure of self-esteem and an attribution measure of internality/externality following team wins and losses. Results across the studies provided strong support for ego-serving bias theory. However, gender differences were observed in that the ego-serving tendency to internalize wins to a greater extent than losses was not significantly present for women basketball players as compared to men basketball and football players. Additionally, results provided partial support for cognitive consistency theory, while failing to support self-esteem theory.

Treatment Discrimination among Assistant Coaches of Women's Teams

The purpose of this study was to examine organizational treatment discrimination (i.e., when members of a group receive fewer rewards, opportunities, or resources than they legitimately deserve based on job-related criteria) in the context of women's athletics. Data were collected from 170 assistant coaches of women's teams (i.e., women's basketball, softball, track, volleyball, soccer, and tennis). Results indicate that women's perceived work experiences and outcomes were comparable, and sometimes better, than those of men. We present competing explanations for this finding. First, it is possible that these women were not subjected to treatment discrimination. Alternatively, it is possible that this demonstrates the existence of the “paradox of the contented working woman.” Additional analyses indicate that work experiences explained a large portion of the variance in organizational commitment and turnover intentions, thereby demonstrating their importance in the workplace.

Men's Versus Women's Collegiate Basketball Customers: Attitudinal Favorableness and the Environment

This article sheds light on how fans, as consumers of sports, perceive environmental factors at collegiate sporting events and how these consumer perceptions relate to positive affect toward the event for men's versus women's intercollegiate basketball customers in the USA. Gaining a deeper understanding of environmental factors and their relation to attitudinal favorableness is important as sports marketers continue to strive to satisfy sports consumers better. This work is especially important because environmental factors are often under the control of sports marketers — as opposed to uncontrollable factors such as winning percentage and player personnel. A mail survey was distributed to exiting customers at four basketball games at a large northwestern US university (two men's games and two women's games, n = 759). The overall favorableness of women's basketball customers exceeded the overall favorableness of men's customers on environmental factors tested. Women's customers placed more emphasis on atmospheric factors such as the courteousness of staff as well as facility and hospitality factors such as seating and concessions in rating their overall favorableness. Men's customers emphasized secondary entertainment factors, such as the band, as important environmental sources of favorableness.

FOOT INJURY - WOMEN??S BASKETBALL

HISTORY An 18 year old women's basketball player in her freshman year presented to the training room after a recent road trip with a three week history of right midfoot pain. She denied any specific injury to the right foot. She stated the pain began approximately three weeks prior to her presentation to the training room and that the pain had been progressing, particularly with ambulation. She had played in only four games her freshman year, and the schedule included three recent road trips in which practices and conditioning had been light intensity. She denied any numbness, tingling, weakness, or radiation of pain. PHYSICAL EXAM Initial examination in the training room revealed moderate tenderness over the medial, dorsal aspect of the right foot. There were no skin changes or ecchymosis. She had full range of motion and strength in her ankle and foot. Her right lower extremity was neurovascularly intact throughout. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Tarsal navicular stress fracture. Foot sprain. Other tarsal stress fractures. Tarsal coalition. TESTS AND RESULTS Right foot radiograghs - AP, lateral, and oblique - no evidence of fractures or dislocations MRI right foot - subacute, nondisplaced fracture of the dorsal, lateral aspect of the navicular bone. FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS Navicular stress fracture. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Immobilization and nonweightbearing for eight weeks with continued pain. Repeat radiograghs demonstrated unusual sclerosis and dorsal spurring. Continued immobilization and addition of a bone stimulator for eight weeks with continued pain. Repeat radiograghs demonstrated increased sclerosis in the dorsal aspect of the navicular bone. The athlete remained frustrated with her continued pain and lack of progress, and a CT scan was ordered showing poor evidence of healing with peri-fracture sclerosis and delayed healing. Open reduction and internal fixation of the navicular bone was performed with two threaded screws without complications. The athlete was treated with immobilization and nonweightbearing for 8 weeks without any post-operative complications. Radiographs, 4 weeks after surgery, showed some sclerosis. Despite 8 weeks of immobilization and nonweightbearing, the athlete developed pain with the resumption of ambulation, and repeat radiograghs showed loose screws and no healing. Open reduction and internal fixation with a threaded screw and tibial bone graft was performed. The athlete was treated with immobilization and nonweightbearing for eight weeks. Repeat CT scan approximately 7 weeks post-operatively showed bone bridging across the lateral half of the fracture site. 12 weeks after the second surgery, she is doing well with only minimal discomfort.

Net prospect: the courting process of women's college basketball recruiting

Net Prospect provides an analysis of women's basketball recruiting from those who know it best. From the high school athlete and her family, to her high school and/or AAU coaches, to the college coach, to recruiting, rankings and evaluation experts, Net Prospect offers every perspective on the recruiting process in women's basketball. These experts reflect on how the recruiting game is played, rules and who really knows them, and how to successfully navigate the rocky waters of the process. Girls who want to play college basketball, as well as their families and current school and club coaches, need to read Net Prospect. In addition, college coaches will benefit from reading the perspectives of those they are trying to recruit.

Epidemiological Considerations of Concussions Among Intercollegiate Athletes

The purpose of this study was to examine epidemiological trends of concussions among 15 different intercollegiate sports during the 1997-1998, 1998-1999, and 1999-2000 seasons. Data were collected using the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance System (ISS). For the 15 sports studied during the 3 academic years, the NCAA ISS documented 3,535 team-seasons, 40,547 reportable injuries, 5,566,924 practice athlete exposures (AEs), and 1,090,298 game AEs. Concussions accounted for 6.2% of all reported injuries during this 3-year study. Of all the reported injuries, women lacrosse players (13.9%) reported the highest percentage of suffering a concussion during a game followed by women's soccer (11.4%), men's ice hockey (10.3%), men's lacrosse (10.1%), football (8.8%), women's basketball, (8.5%), field hockey (7.2%), men's soccer (7.0%), wrestling (6.6%), men's basketball (5.0%), baseball (4.2%), and women's volleyball (4.1%). Female athletes from all 7 sports were found to be at a lower risk for suffering concussions during practice sessions than the 8 male sports. However, female athletes were found to be at a greater risk for suffering concussions during games compared to male athletes. Injury trends over the 3-year period indicate concussions continue to be on the rise for athletes participating in collegiate football, men's soccer, and women's and men's basketball.

Effect of Active vs. Passive Recovery on Repeat Suicide Run Time

This study was conducted to evaluate the difference between active and passive recovery methods during successive suicide runs by Division I women's collegiate basketball athletes (n = 14). Testing consisted of sprinting suicides on the basketball court using both traditional (short) and reverse-sequence (long) protocols. Two 90-second recovery methods were used, passive (standing still) and active (slow self-paced jogging). Although successive run time was reduced by a mean of 0.55 seconds after passive recovery relative to active, it did not reach significance (p = 0.09). Likewise, the difference between long and short line versions was nonsignificant (p = 0.41). Therefore, neither line sequence nor 90-second recovery technique appears to influence subsequent run time when performing 2 maximal-effort suicides.

Prevalence of migraines in NCAA division I male and female basketball players. National Collegiate Athletic Association.

The purpose of this study was to describe the overall prevalence of migraines within National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's and women's basketball players. In addition, the prevalence of migraines was determined across gender and ethnic groups for the same sample. Although numerous studies have assessed the prevalence of migraines within the general population, college students, professional groups, industrial/work place settings, and overseas populations, little has been done with athletes. To the best of our knowledge, no study of the incidence of migraines in athletes has been previously conducted. It has also been reported that migraines cause depression, insomnia, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, all of which might hinder athletic performance. Sports medicine clinicians and researchers also agree that migraines in athletes are probably underreported and often misdiagnosed. Seven hundred ninety-one Division I men and women basketball players representing 51 colleges and universities were mailed a previously validated survey asking questions about headaches. All surveys were analyzed with a validated diagnostic algorithm consistent with the International Headaches Society's (IHS) criteria for headache diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to report the prevalence rate for gender and ethnic groups, as well as the entire sample. Chi-square tests were performed (P = 0.05) to determine if there were any differences in the prevalence of migraines among gender and ethnic groups. Results showed that 2.9% (n = 23 of 791) of the total sample was classified as having migraines meeting IHS guidelines. In addition, 0.9% (n = 3 of 332) of men and 4.4% (n = 20 of 459) of women were classified as having migraines meeting IHS guidelines. Additionally, results showed that women reported migraines (chi2 = 8.140, P = 0.004) more often than men. When comparing the prevalence rates of migraines between ethnic groups, results showed that Caucasians had a rate of 3.3% (n = 14 of 429), whereas African Americans had a rate of 3.1% (n = 9 of 287). There was no significant difference found between ethnic groups in migraine prevalence (chi2 = 2.491, P = 0.2888). In conclusion, it was found that the prevalence of migraines in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I men's and women's basketball players was generally less than in the general population, that women showed an increased prevalence of migraines when compared with men, and that Caucasians and African Americans did not differ in prevalence of migraines.

Crisis communication in racial issues

On November 17, 1998, three individuals were detained by local police in Lubbock, Texas for attempting a pigeon drop scam in a Wal Mart parking lot. The three suspects were the head coach, an assistant coach, and the husband of the head coach from the visiting Hampton University women's basketball team. The three were eventually proven innocent and released, but not before a crisis involving racial overtones had been initiated. The case study explores the crisis management responses of Texas Tech University and Lubbock, Texas and the implications for the study of crises involving race.

Training for Women's Basketball: A Biomechanical Emphasis for Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Training for Women's Basketball: A Biomechanical Emphasis for Preventing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Women college basketball coaches

Tall, powerful athletes surge toward the goal in the last seconds of a fiercely fought game, providing excitement to an arena full of basketball fans. Increasingly, challenging games like this are being played by women's college teams. With the passage of Title IX and the success of the WNBA (Women's National Basketball League), women's college teams have received more support and attention both from academic institutions and basketball fans. One of the primary reasons for the growing interest in women's college basketball is the dedication of the women who coach these student athletes to personal and athletic success. Women currently coach nearly 65 percent of the women's basketball teams in all divisions of the NCAA. Their commitment to their sport and to their athletes has resulted in a game and a generation of athletes unlike any other.This analysis of the role of women coaches in college basketball provides a detailed history of women's involvement in college sports, as well as insights into the work of the great women coaches of the past and present, all highlighted through interviews with some of the most important women coaches of today.

Biased Voices of Sports: Racial and Gender Stereotyping in College Basketball Announcing

The words of sportscasters−repeated hundreds, even thousands, of times by different announcers in similar ways−provide a conceptual frame for the sports experience, and that mental frame has particular importance because fans often apply it to nonathletic situations. Contrary to assertions by some critics, analysis of 1,156 descriptors in sportscaster commentary during 66 televised men's and women's college basketball games showed no significant difference between the proportions of commentary and proportions of participating Black and White men players, but showed some overemphasis in comments about White women players. Predictably, Black men players tended to be stereotyped as naturally athletic, quick, and powerful, while White men players continued to be touted for their hard work, effort, and mental skill. The same racial stereotypes also appeared in the commentary about women basketball players, but few gender stereotypes emerged. Thus, increases in the numbers of Black and women game announcers may have lent balance to quantities of coverage by race and gender, but traditional racial stereotypes continue to pervade sports commentary even when gender stereotypes appear to be diminishing.

Speaking of Cheryl Miller: Interrogating the Lesbian Taboo on a Women's Basketball Newsgroup

Our article examines the responses of a group of women's basketball fans to an Internet posting that questioned the sexual orientation of women's basketball star Cheryl Miller. Miller arouses speculation because she seems to play with cultural markers of and sexuality. She wears ties and suspenders while working as a coach and a broadcaster. The norms of women's sport demand that women perform their heterosexuality in order to diffuse the gender ambiguity caused by competence in a masculine realm. Our analysis of 77postings reveals that while some respondents are homophobic and/or heterosexist, other fans have a more sophisticated understanding of the sexual politics of women's sport and are supportive of lesbian participants. The latter group includes heterosexual men and women who came out in defense of lesbians and against the systematic homophobia and heterosexism of sport. Our findings also support the contention that discussions of sexuality preclude discussions of race.

Speaking of Cheryl Miller: Interrogating the Lesbian Taboo on a Women's Basketball Newsgroup

Speaking of Cheryl Miller: Interrogating the Lesbian Taboo on a Women's Basketball Newsgroup

Neuropsychological Test Performance Prior To and Following Sports-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

To examine the utility of neuropsychological tests in assessing college athletes prior to and following a sports-related mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). A prospective study of college athletes who sustained mTBI while engaged in sport. Preinjury baseline neuropsychological test data were obtained for athletes at risk for mTBI. Following an mTBI, the athlete and his or her matched noninjured control were evaluated at 2 hours, 48 hours, 1 week, and I month postinjury. Male and female athletes from a Division I college. Male and female athletes from the football, men's ice hockey, men's and women's soccer, and men's and women's basketball teams at Penn State University. A total of 29 injured and 20 noninjured athletes participated in the study. Neuropsychological test batteries were administered at baseline and serially following mTBI. Post-Concussion Symptom Checklist, Hopkins Verbal Learning Test, Symbol Digit Modalities Test, Stroop Color-Word Test, Trail Making Test, VIGIL/W, List Learning, Digit Span, Penn State Cancellation Test, and Controlled Oral Word Association. Neuropsychological test data yielded significant differences between injured athletes and controls at 2 hours and 48 hours following cerebral concussion; injured athletes performing significantly worse than controls. Injured athletes reported a significantly greater number of postconcussion symptoms 2 hours following injury but not at the 48-hour assessment. No multivariate group differences were found at 1 week, but univariate analyses suggested significant differences on a few measures. At 1 month postinjury, a statistically significant difference was found on one measure with injured athletes marginally outperforming controls. Neuropsychological tests are useful in the detection of cognitive impairment following mTBI. The test data appear to be more effective than subjective report of symptoms in differentiating between injured and noninjured athletes at 48 hours postinjury. Although significant individual variability existed, most injured athletes recovered within 1 week of injury. A battery of tests, rather than any single test, is necessary to capture the variability that exists among injured athletes.

From Amazons to Glamazons: The Rise and Fall of North Carolina Women's Basketball, 1920-1960

Journal Article From Amazons to Glamazons: The Rise and Fall of North Carolina Women's Basketball, 1920–1960 Get access Pamela Grundy Pamela Grundy independent scholar living Charlotte, North Carolina Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 87, Issue 1, June 2000, Pages 112–146, https://doi.org/10.2307/2567918 Published: 01 June 2000

Conversations with John Edgar Wideman

This book spans thirty-five years. Wideman discusses a wide variety of topics - from post-modernism to genocide, from fatherhood to women's basketball. One of the pleasures of encountering these conversations is the glimpse they give into the workshop of the writer's mind. He is shown in the interviews to be very open about his artistic aims, techniques, and sources - whether talking about his Aunt May's storytelling or about African spirituality.