Women's Adjustment Research Articles

Phenomenological Study: Women's Adjustment in Early Marriage Decisions

<p><strong>Abstract. </strong>Early marriage is still a phenomenon in the neighborhood. Several factors cause someone to marry early. The purpose of this study is to give the readers an insight into a woman's adaptation in deciding the marriage age so that later, the number of early marriages can be indirectly reduced. The research method used is qualitative research based on the philosophy of postpositivism. Data collection techniques are triangulated (combined), and data analysis is inductive/qualitative. Data will be collected using in-depth interview techniques and documentary studies. In this case, researchers will study 3 women who marry at an early age. The results of this study show that most of the factors that cause early marriage are encouragement from parents and economic factors. The study results can describe self-adjustment in women who married early to get better.</p><strong><em>Keywords: </em></strong><em>Self-Adjustment; Early Marriage; Women; Decision Making</em>

Evaluation of Marital Adjustment in Women with Gynecologic Cancer

Purpose: The study was planned to evaluate marital adjustment in women with gynecological cancer. Methods: This study was conducted as a descriptive trial. The research data were collected using the personal information form and the marital adjustment scale. Results: It was revealed that 72.6% of women with gynecological cancer were not maritally adjusted, and 27.4% were maritally adjusted. A significant difference was found between the types of cancer and the total MAS scores of women with gynecological cancer (p

Examining Menstrual Irregularity and Marital Adjustment in Women with Covid-19 Disease

Examining Menstrual Irregularity and Marital Adjustment in Women with Covid-19 Disease

Identity development and adjustment during emerging adulthood from a gender perspective.

Identity development is a key task during emerging adulthood. The goals of the present study are to validate the Spanish version of the Dimensions of Identity Development Scale (DIDS) and to explore the relationship between identity dimensions and adjustment (flourishing and distress), from a gender perspective. The sample comprised 1502 Spanish university students (60.1% women). The results reveal that the DIDS is valid in the Spanish context and that significant gender differences were observed in some dimensions of identity development, with men scoring higher for identification with commitment and women scoring higher for exploration in depth and ruminative exploration. Finally, both dimensions of commitment and ruminative exploration had a stronger effect on men's than on women's adjustment, suggesting that the integration of the self has more impact on men's outcomes than on women's. These findings highlight the need to include the gender perspective in all future research in order to gain deeper insight into the relationship between the identity development process and adjustment during emerging adulthood.

Post-Divorce Emotion/Social Adjustment of Women: Effectiveness of a Psycho-Education Program Based on Cognitive Behavioral Theory

The study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the psycho-education program based on the Cognitive Behavioral Teory (CBT) on the emotional/social adjustment levels of newly divorced women. The research was carried out with a true experimental design with a control group in which pre-test-post-test and follow-up measurements were made. The research started with 15 newly divorced women in both groups. However, after the group was completed, 12 women remained in the experimental group and 11 women in the control group.Data collection tools are Fisher Divorce/Separation Adjustment Scale-Short Form and Personal Information Questionnaire. The results of the study reveal that the psychoeducation program based on CBT is effective in increasing the post-divorce adjustment of women. In addition, the psycho-education program was found to be effective in increasing women's self-worth and reducing grief reactions, disentanglement from relationship, and anger levels. Such a difference was not observed in the control group. At the same time, the effectiveness of the psycho-educational program continued in the follow-up measurements five weeks later.

Towards a dynamic conceptual model for understanding the impact of social isolation on SIE women's adjustment and career development

PurposeSelf-initiated expatriates (SIE) women's career decisions are often based on the establishment of close personal relationships in various spheres of life. This paper aims to explore the effects of social isolation in times of crisis on SIE women's work, psychological and general adjustment.Design/methodology/approachThe model of expatriate women's adjustment by Caligiuri and Lazarova (2002) is reviewed and adapted to account for the impact of social isolation and loneliness on SIE women's adjustment and professional development in a crisis context. The interplay between duration and intensity of crisis and acculturative stress over time is highlighted; danger zones for potential maladjustment are identified, and adjustment-as-a-crisis context are incorporated into the model.FindingsThe spillover effects between different life spaces in times of isolation have a negative impact on SIE women's ability to develop supportive relationships in different life spaces. The organization becomes the main point of contact with the host culture, but pressure to perform, uncertain contracts, gendered role division and the experience of a double crisis add to the existing acculturative stress which may lead to maladjustment or further fit-dependent crisis over time.Originality/valueThe authors contribute to the theoretical understanding of the impact of social isolation on a single, vulnerable acculturating group, by expanding on an existing static model of adjustment, to account for the temporal (time) and spatial (multi-dimensional crisis context) constraints faced by SIE women which has not been done before.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MARITAL ADJUSTMENT AND SEXUAL QUALITY OF LIFE OF WOMEN OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE: EFFECT OF USE FAMILY PLANNING METHODS

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between women's marital adjustment and sexual quality of life, and their use of family planning methods. This is a descriptive study. The sample size was calculated as 349 women. Data were collected using the personal information form, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, and the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire-Female. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 software by creating the database. The stat൴st൴cal s൴gn൴f൴cance level was set at 0.05. The mean scores the participants obtained from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire-Female were 106.27±22.21 and 77.46±21.85 respectively. Of the participating women, 36.7% used an intrauterine device for birth control, 27.8% used condoms, 13.8% used hormonal drugs. No statistically significant differences were determined between the mean scores obtained from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and between the mean scores obtained from the Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire-Female in terms of the family planning methods the participants used (p>0.05). However, differences between the mean scores the participants obtained from the affectional expression subscale of Dyadic Adjustment Scale were found to be statistically significant in terms of the family planning methods they used (p<0.05). While the marital adjustment was high among the participating women their quality of life level was moderate. It was determined that the sexual quality of life increased as the marital adjustment increased. It was also determined that family planning methods the participants preferred affected not their sexual quality of life and marital adjustment but the affectional expression subscale. Family planning methods the participating women used did not affect their marital adjustment and sexual quality, but hormonal drugs and intra uterin device affected their scores for the affectional expression subscale of the DyadicAdjustment Scale.

The Pattern of Structural Relationships of Women's Adjustment After the Event of Divorce Based on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion with the Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance: A Descriptive Study

The Pattern of Structural Relationships of Women's Adjustment After the Event of Divorce Based on Mindfulness and Self-Compassion with the Mediating Role of Distress Tolerance: A Descriptive Study

Communication skills training with the transactional analysis approach developed menopausal women's marital adjustment - a quasi-experimental study.

Communication skills help people have a better life. Due to the changes caused by menopause and their effects on interpersonal communication, it is essential to reinforce communication skills during this period. This study aimed to investigate the effect of communication skills training (CST) using the transactional analysis (TA) approach on menopausal women's marital adjustment. This quasi-experimental study with a parallel design was performed by the availability sampling method with participation of 46 married menopausal women. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups. The intervention group participated in eight CST sessions with a TA approach. The control group did not receive any psychosocial or educational services. Participants completed the demographic information, Queen Dam communication skills, and Spinner's marital adjustment questionnaire before, at the end of, and one month after the training period. Data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical tests with SPSS22 software. There was no significant difference in demographics between the groups (p < 0.05). The mean marital adjustment scores were 53.48 ±12.24, 117.70 ±11.15, and 116.52 ±10.73 before, at the end of, and one month after the intervention, respectively. The marital adjustment scores before the intervention did not differ between the two groups but significantly increased after training and in the follow-up period (p < 0.001). Communication skills training with a TA approach in postmenopausal women improves marital adjustment. Therefore, it is suggested that midwives use this method in comprehensive health centers as an effective method for improving the lives of postmenopausal women.

Effects of the STress-And-coping suppoRT (START) intervention on depression and coping of Chinese women seeking a first-trimester abortion: A randomized controlled trial

BackgroundAbortion is a stressful life event associated with wide variability in women's perceptions and adjustment. There is scarce evidence on interventions to help women cope with abortion and achieve positive psychological health outcomes. This study tested the effect of a stress and coping theory-formed intervention (START) on depression and coping of Chinese women undergoing a first-trimester abortion. MethodsA randomized controlled trial was conducted at a Chinese metropolitan hospital. 110 participants were recruited and randomized to intervention group (START + standard care) or control group (standard care) with a 1:1 allocation ratio. The primary outcome was depression at two-week post-abortion. Surveys were completed by participants when they sought abortion services (baseline), two and six-week post-abortion. ResultsAt two-week post-abortion, women allocated to the intervention group compared to the control group, had significantly lower depression scores (aOR −2.81 [−4.12 to −1.50]), higher problem-focused coping (aOR 1.64 [0.36–2.93]), lower dysfunctional coping (aOR −2.29 [−3.69 to −0.89]), higher self-efficacy (aOR 3.17 [−0.42–5.94]), and higher personal growth scores (aOR 4.41 [0.30–8.53]). Lower depression scores at two-weeks were mediated by lower dysfunctional coping (mediated effect 0.96 [0.25, 1.74]; proportion of overall effect 36 % [9 %, 65 %]). ConclusionChinese women allocated to receive START had lower depression and better coping at two-week post-abortion. This brief, online intervention contributed to women's self-efficacy and positive perceptions of social support, abortion experience, and personal growth. Maintenance of the effects need further research.

The effect of a virtual child disease management programme on burden and social adjustment of caregivers of children with coagulation factor deficiencies.

The use of virtual interventions is of interest to patients with chronic disease and healthcare professionals. This study aimed to determine the effect of virtual child disease management programme on burden and social adjustment of caregivers of children with coagulation factor deficiencies. Moreover, the effect of this intervention on children's acute pain and bleeds was assessed. This clinical trial was conducted on 80 caregivers of children with coagulation factor deficiencies. The subjects were randomly assigned into the intervention and control groups. A comprehensive virtual child disease management programme was conducted for 8weeks and caregiver' burden and their social adjustment were assessed with the HEMOCAB and social adjustment subscale of Bell Adjustment Inventory, respectively. Data were analysed using ANCOVA and Wilcoxon test. Before the intervention, both groups were similar regarding the caregivers' burden and social adjustment and children's acute pain and bleeds. However, a significant difference was observed between groups in concern to caregivers' burden (P<.001), women's and men's social adjustment (P=.001, P=.03), and children's acute pain and bleeds (P<.001) after the virtual disease management programme. This study showed that using a virtual child disease management programme reduced burden and improved social adjustment of caregivers of children with coagulation factor deficiencies. This intervention decreased frequencies of acute pain and bleeds in children. Therefore, using this effective intervention in clinical practice is warranted to decrease the caregivers' burden as well as acute pain and bleeds in children.

“Do they fit together like the Joker and Harley Quinn?”: Joking, laughing, humor styles, and dyadic adjustment among people in long-term romantic relationships

While people value a good sense of humor in their potential romantic partners, we know comparatively less about the function of humor in long-term relationships. Using the survey method, we measured the production, appreciation, and quality of humor along with humor styles and dyadic adjustment in long-term relationships among 149 heterosexual couples. Men produced more jokes than women, but the sexes responded to their partners' jokes at the same frequency. Men also rated their jokes as funnier than the jokes of their partners. Partners were matched in aggressive and self-defeating humor styles. Laughing and humor quality ratings as well as humor styles had effects for men's and women's dyadic adjustment. We conclude that in long-term, romantic relationships, a sense of humor is part of the mechanisms involved in building relationships.

Different than Your Mother's Pain: Postsurgical Pain Modulation by Psychosocial Factors among Younger and Older Breast Cancer Patients

Younger age is a risk factor for worse outcomes following breast cancer surgery, including acute pain, development of persistent post-surgical pain, physical symptoms (arm disability), and greater psychological distress (depression). The biopsychosocial model of pain emphasizes the importance of considering the psychosocial context of pain experience, in addition to biological factors (age). Potentially, younger women's worse psychosocial adjustment after breast cancer surgery may explain their greater pain-related functional disability. We investigated the longitudinal relationship between age and pain-related functioning three months post-surgery among women with breast cancer. Further, we examined whether early postoperative psychosocial distress, reported two weeks postoperatively, mediated the association between age and subsequent pain-related functioning. This prospective, observational longitudinal study recruited women (N:161, age:54, range: 26-81) undergoing breast cancer surgery. Validated psychosocial assessments (anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance) were assessed two weeks postoperatively, and impact of surgical pain on cognitive/emotional and physical functioning was assessed three months postoperatively. Bivariate correlations tested associations among age, psychosocial factors, and pain-related functioning. Parallel mediation analyses tested whether the relationship between age and pain-related functioning three months postoperatively was mediated by psychosocial factors reported two weeks postoperatively. Younger age was significantly associated with greater impact of pain on cognitive/emotional and physical functioning. Younger age was associated with greater severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms, and greater sleep disturbance (ps<.001). The association between younger age and greater impact of pain on cognitive/emotional functioning was mediated by greater severity of anxiety. The association between younger age and greater impact of pain on physical functioning was mediated by greater sleep disturbance. Findings suggest that anxiety and sleep disturbance that occur early after breast cancer surgery may help explain greater chronic pain-related functional disability in younger patients. Anxiety and sleep disturbance are potentially modifiable, to some degree, with behavioral interventions, making them potential perioperative therapeutic targets. Grant support from NIH/NIGMS: K23 GM110540.

WORKING WOMEN’S MARITAL ADJUSMENT IN TERMS OF COMMUNICATION SKILLS

This study aims to determine how communication skills affect working women's marital adjustment. The data collection tool used in this study is a questionnaire. The respondents in this study are 76 women who are married and working. The sampling technique used is the purposive sampling technique. At the same time, the data analysis technique used in this research is simple regression analysis. The results showed the influence of communication skills by 43.6% on marital adjustment in working women. Communication in marital relations has an important role. Women who are married and working as much as possible improve communication skills considering that time with their partner is reduced compared to women who do not work.

Perceived maternal parenting self-efficacy scale: Factor structure and psychometric properties among Portuguese postpartum women

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMPS-E) Scale among Portuguese postpartum women. DesignQuantitative cross-sectional study. SettingData were collected through an online survey placed on social media websites targeting Portuguese adult women in the postpartum period (0–12 months after delivery). ParticipantsThe total sample consisted of 893 participants who gave birth after 37 weeks of gestation. ResultsAfter conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, our results revealed that a correlated three-factor model yielded a significantly better fit to the data than the original four-factor model. High reliability was found for the total scale (α= 0.95) and for the three factors (α from 0.88 to 0.94). The PMPS-E presented significant and moderate to large correlations with other measures related to maternal self-efficacy. Participants who were multiparous, had older infants (>5 months old) and perceived their infant temperament as easy reported higher maternal parenting self-efficacy than those who were primiparous, had younger infants (≤5 months old) and perceived their infant temperament as difficult. ConclusionsThe results of this study showed that the European Portuguese version of the PMPS-E is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing maternal parenting self-efficacy among postpartum women. Implications for practiceThe PMPS-E may be a valuable instrument to detect parenting self-efficacy difficulties among postpartum women and thus contribute to strategies to improve women's overall psychological adjustment to the postpartum period, with a possible impact on the mother-infant relationship.

"I will love you (me) forever"-A longitudinal study of narcissism and emotional adjustment during the transition to motherhood.

The aim of this study is to examine the differential implications of grandiose and vulnerable narcissism for women's adjustment during the transition to motherhood. A total of 385 Israeli women participated in the study during their pregnancy (Time 1) and 2 months postpartum (Time 2). Participants filled out a battery of questionnaires assessing their levels of narcissism (Time 1), the body experience during pregnancy (Time 1) and motherhood (Time 2), their attachment to the fetus (Time 1) and to the baby (Time 2), their anticipated maternal self-efficacy (Time 1) and maternal self-efficacy (Time 2), and their subjective well-being (Time 2). Results suggest that grandiose narcissism was associated with higher levels of well-being at Time 2 through the mediation of both attachment to the infant at Time 1 and bonding to the baby at Time 2 and through positive body experience at Time 2. Vulnerable narcissism was associated with lower levels of well-being at Time 2 through the mediation of body experience and maternal self-efficacy at Time 1 and Time 2 and attachment to the infant at Time 2. These findings point to the significant and differential role of vulnerable and grandiose narcissism in the adjustment to motherhood through the mediating role of early motherhood tasks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Sexual Life Quality and Marital Adjustment in Women With and Without Diabetes

This study was conducted to assess the correlation between the sexual life quality and marital adjustment of women with diabetes. This study was designed as a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted at a hospital’s internal diseases outpatient clinic located in the southeast of Turkey. The sample consisted of 124 type-2 diabetes mellitus patients and 124 healthy individuals with similar socio-demographic characteristics. A questionnaire form, the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS) and the Sexual Life Quality Scale were applied to all the women with and without diabetes. Frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation, as well as Mann–Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis test, Student’s t-test, one-way analysis of variance and regression analysis, were used for the data analysis process. The mean scores from SLQ were 50.22 ± 9.35 in the patient group and 90.68 ± 2.9 in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.000). The mean scores from DAS were 88.68 ± 15.07 in the patient group and 102.29 ± 12.46 in the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant in DAS and all its subscales except for the dyadic consensus subscale (p < 0.05). According to the results of the linear regression analysis conducted to predict marital adjustment in women with diabetes, increased sexual life quality (B = 0.684, p < .05) contributed significantly to prediction of increased dyadic adjustment. This study emphasized the correlation between sexual life and dyadic adjustment in women with diabetes and their partners as well as the necessity to include the partners in the care of women with diabetes.

Religion and spirituality: their role in the psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer and subsequent symptom management of adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Distress from being diagnosed with breast cancer can impact a woman's decision to continue taking adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). The purpose of this study is to explore how religion and/or spirituality influence women's psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer and subsequent symptom management among women on active AET. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with breast cancer survivors (n = 19) from California and Texas. Interview questions prompted discussion about AET and how women adjusted to a breast cancer diagnosis and treatment with AET. Interview transcripts were analyzed with a deductive grounded theory approach, and an inductive constant comparison approach was used to identify the sources of religion and spirituality. Religion supported women in their psychosocial adjustment to breast cancer by offering them a sense of purpose and meaning in life. It helped women make sense of their AET treatment as they persisted with it despite experiencing adverse side-effects. Spirituality played a prominent role in women's mental and physical wellbeing by facilitating positive and calm attitudes, which lessened women's fear during their cancer diagnosis and treatment. We identified that religion and/or spirituality helps women with their adjustment to breast cancer and influences their continued use and management of side-effects from AET. This study illustrates the importance of developing meaning-centered interventions that harness religion and spirituality to help women cope with AET. Our findings support the development of interventions that work to enhance AET persistence among breast cancer survivors.

Recurrent pregnency loss: Depression, hopelessness, and martial adjustment

The aim of the study was to determine depression, hopelessness level and marital adjustment of women diagnosed with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL). This descriptive study included 66 RPL women. It was found that hopelessness level of 47% of women was mild, 18.2% of them were moderate, and 13.6% of them were severe. Depression level of women 30.3% were moderate, 24.3% of them were mild, and 1.5% of them were severe. It was found that women's marital adjustment was low, and their level of depression increased with increasing hopelessness. It was found in the study that evaluating women, who are diagnosed with RPL, regarding their marriage problems, hopelessness, and depression level together with their partners is important.

The Effectiveness of Communication Skills Training on Self-Efficacy and Emotional-Social Adjustment in Women with MS

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of communication skills training on theself-efficacy and emotional-social adjustment in the women with MS in Ahvaz.Methodology: This is an experimental study conducted with pretest-posttest design and a control group. Thestatistical population included the women with MS who referred to the MS Association of Ahvaz. 30 patientswith a low score on self-efficacy scale were selected and they were randomly assigned into experimental/case and control groups. The Multiple Sclerosis Self-efficacy Scaleand Bell Emotional Adjustment Inventorywere used to collect the data. MANCOVA was used in order to analyze the data.Results: The results revealed that communication skills training can enhance the self-efficacy of the MSpatients and improve their adjustment level (0.001).Conclusion: Training of communication skills can enhance the self-efficacy by improving the patients’social communication and the level of their communication with the daily external environment.