Role Of Women In Politics Research Articles

Breaking Down Stereotypes by Realizing Women’s Interests: Gender and Its Impact on Legislative Consensus

The presence of women in legislatures has steadily increased over the past 2 decades, prompting numerous studies to explore the role of women in politics. This article focuses on Spain to analyze how women contribute to parliamentary consensus, a rarely explored but necessary topic in times of polarization and political conflict. The combination of aggregated and member of parliaments’ individual-level data provides a holistic approach to assessing how women operate in legislatures and their predisposition to political conflict. Aggregated findings show that an increase in female political representation does not go hand in hand with more legislative consensus, only when gender laws are approved. Similarly, the individual-level results show the importance of political parties in shaping attitudes toward conflict. Female parliamentarians present less consensual attitudes in the most extreme ideological parties: Podemos and VOX. However, no gender differences exist in the mainstream parties of the PSOE (Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party) and PP (People’s Party). These findings also highlight the institutional and party barriers that women may face when developing their “know-how” in politics.

Do women in politics and government efficiency enhance electricity access in Nigeria: analyzing energy prices and foreign investment

ABSTRACT Access to reliable, affordable, sustainable, and modern energy, along with the empowerment and increased participation of women in decision-making and politics, are fundamental to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations (UN). The UN accentuates the critical role of women in politics for the successful attainment of the SDGs. This study delves into this aspect by investigating the impact of female political representation on access to electricity. Additionally, the study examines the influence of government efficiency, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, urbanization, and economic growth in Nigeria, utilizing data spanning from 2003Q1 to 2021Q4. Employing advanced econometric techniques such as wavelet quantile regression, wavelet quantile correlation, and quantile-on-quantile Granger causality analysis, our analysis reveals noteworthy insights. Our findings reveal a correlation between heightened female political representation and decreased access to electricity in Nigeria. Additionally, we note the beneficial impacts of foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, economic growth, and governmental efficiency on the accessibility of electricity. Furthermore, our quantile-on-quantile Granger causality analysis highlights the predictive capabilities of female political representation, urbanization, FDI, and economic growth regarding electricity accessibility in Nigeria. Drawing from the insights gleaned in our study, we have crafted substantial policy recommendations designed to tackle the identified challenges and promote advancements in both electricity access and women’s political engagement.

КЫРГЫЗСТАНДЫН САЯСИЙ СИСТЕМАСЫНДАГЫ ГЕНДЕРДИК БАЛАНСКА ЖЕТҮҮ ЖОЛДОРУ

Achieving gender equality is one of the priorities of sustainable development in the millennium. The Action Plan of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Kyrgyz Republic for the implementation of the National Development Program of the Kyrgyz Republic until 2026 identifies priority areas, tasks, and policy measures to achieve gender equality, especially in the political and social life of the country. The aim of this article is to analyze some ways of achieving gender equality in the political system of Kyrgyzstan, with the main areas of activity for changing the existing situation recognized as education, media, and civil society activity. The analysis is based on a gender approach, according to which a strategy of ensuring gender equality at all stages of the decision-making process is beneficial in politics. The article presents the results of sociological surveys demonstrating a wide range of public opinion, from the rejection of the idea of gender equality in politics to full support for women leaders, emphasizing the role and importance of the internet and social networks in changing the role of women in politics. Positive discrimination measures are also noted, which have led to an increase in the number of female deputies in the local councils of the Kyrgyz Republic, as an achievement of the women's movement.

Women in politics: examining their impact on policy development — A comprehensive review

The representation of women in political offices has expanded in every country over the last few decades. Commencing with a historical overview, this review underscores the persistent obstacles and cultural constraints that have hindered women's political engagement. The primary focus is on identifying and dissecting impediments such as ingrained gender prejudices, unequal access to education, and sociocultural constraints. This comprehensive examination explores the crucial role of women in politics and their profound impact on policy formulation. Global attention has increased on gender equity and women's political representation, emphasizing the importance of understanding how women's participation in political decision-making processes influences policy outcomes. The involvement of women in politics, particularly in poorer countries where health and education are priority sectors, has led to improvements in the delivery of public services. The review delves into the political empowerment of women, highlighting the positive social change and role modeling that women in politics can provide in their local areas. Recent studies suggest that the makeup of public expenditure may not necessarily reflect the impact of female representation on legislative debates and specific policy decisions. Female participation has enhanced institutional quality by reducing corruption and yielding benefits for those in positions of responsibility. The review advocates for greater gender diversity in political decision-making by examining obstacles, proposing solutions, and emphasizing the ongoing need for research and advocacy to support and promote the invaluable contributions of women to global policy development.

Socio-Cultural Impediments Condense the Role of Women Political Workers in their Affiliated Political Parties

The present study analyzed women’s role with respect to women's interest protection in their respective affiliated political parties. The study attempted to inquire about support and encouragement to women political workers from their respective families and political parties in the electioneering process. In so doing, this study examined women’s role in policy agenda and resource allocation for women’s equal access to education and health. A cross-sectional research design was used to accomplish the current study. A sample of 231 women on reserved seats was interviewed. A stratified random sampling technique of probability was used for sample selection. Interview Schedule was used as a data collection tool, which consists of Likert scale questions. The data was analyzed by SPSS 21 version software, univariate analysis was established by analyzing simple frequencies of the information, while the bivariate association was established by cross-tabulation and binary logistic regression. The study found that socio-cultural impediments restrict women political workers’ roles in their respective affiliated political parties. It may safely be concluded from the findings of the present study that women's political role remained insubstantial with regard to gender equity and equality. Women's political activities are determined by their male counterparts. Practical and strategic gender needs are required to be addressed to enhance women's political participation.

Правові засади застосування гендерних квот в Україні

The article examines the legal basis for the realization of women's political rights in Ukraine. An important condition and guarantee for the establishment of democracy in Ukraine is the equality of women and men in all spheres of life of society and the state. Among the various aspects of the modern perception of the state of women in society and the state, the aspect "woman and politics" occupies a special place. Having analyzed the peculiarities of the realization of women's political rights in Ukraine, it was noted that since 2010, gender quotas have been absent in the electoral legislation of Ukraine. However, gender quotas were introduced for the first time in 2015, but they were not mandatory. According to the new Election Code of Ukraine dated December 19, 2019, gender quotas became a mandatory norm at the nomination stage. It is advisable to change the stereotypes about the role of women in politics, therefore, more attention should be paid to the mass media, which would contribute to the expansion of women's political rights and eliminate prejudiced attitudes towards the role of women in politics. Maintaining the gender quota in the Electoral Legislation of Ukraine plays an important role in the political sphere for all members of society, however, it is necessary to improve the administrative and legal mechanisms for compliance with gender quotas.

Tantangan Dan Keberhasilan Peran Perempuan Dalam Partisipasi Politik Swedia Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Keadilan Gender Secara Global

Women's political participation is a key factor in achieving an inclusive and equitable democracy. This research aims to investigate the role of women in increasing political participation and democracy in Sweden. Qualitative research is used to understand complex and subjective cases by collecting descriptive and unstructured data. The results show that Sweden has achieved significant progress in women's political participation. The country has consistently championed gender equality and ranks fourth in the 2020 Global Gender Gap Index. The gender equality approach as a cornerstone of its politics has brought significant changes in the role of women in politics and government policy. Sweden also acts as a global change agent in promoting gender equality values. The research also identified that gender gaps still exist in Sweden, influenced by structural barriers, political institutions and political culture. Sweden has used quota mechanisms and women's competency preparation to increase women's representation in parliament. However, there is still work to be done to fully address gender inequality. Sweden is an inspiring country in the fight for gender equality and women's empowerment in politics. Quota efforts, competency preparation, and community support are important steps in increasing women's representation in Swedish politics. Gender concepts and feminist perspectives have becGender equality
 ome the basis for policies that support women to participate in politics, ensure gender equality, and create a more inclusive and fair political environment for everyone.

Tracing Gender Norms in the Political Sphere: A Study on the Nizamabad (Urban) Assembly Constituency of Telangana

This paper seeks to analyze the political representation of women in India in the present times. Females, who account for 48.46% of India’s population (2011 Census), are quite under-represented in the Indian Parliament, although their representation in both the Houses of the Parliament, as well as in ministerial positions, has been increasing gradually. There is a significant prevalence of Sarpanch Pati, and husbands overriding the power of elected wives, in the political sphere. This paper seeks to understand the behaviour and opinion of respondents regarding this issue, with the help of qualitative interviews that were conducted in the Nizamabad Urban Assembly Constituency of Telangana. The open-ended questions resulted in the descriptive opinion of the respondents. The study highlighted the fact that the mindset of the voters is still against the active role of women in politics. The research found that 57% of the respondents feel that in politics, there is a need for male assistance for women. This implies the existence of gender inequality and patriarchal gender norms in the political sphere. Nonetheless, it is hoped that the new women’s reservation bill can shatter the prevailing glass ceiling, in the political arena.

Women Issues in Pakistan’s Politics: A Case of Psychological and Economic Challenges

Women's issues in Pakistani politics continue to be a pressing concern, reflecting the complex challenges faced by women in the country's political landscape. Women in Pakistan face a range of psychological and economic issues within the realm of politics, which can significantly hinder their full participation in the political arena. Psychologically, many women grapple with the pervasive gender bias and discrimination present in the political landscape. The deeply entrenched patriarchal culture often leads to a lack of recognition and respect for women's contributions, affecting their self-esteem and self-confidence. Women in politics frequently endure derogatory comments, harassment, and even threats, resulting in anxiety and fear that can deter them from active political engagement. While, economically women in Pakistan's politics often struggle due to limited access to resources and funding. Running for office and maintaining a political career can be financially demanding, and many women lack the financial means to compete effectively. Traditional gender roles and societal norms often place economic restrictions on women, making it difficult for them to access campaign resources, hire staff, or travel for political activities. This economic disadvantage hampers their ability to build a strong political presence and may limit their career prospects. However, to address these psychological and economic issues, Pakistan must implement policies and programs that empower women in politics. This study examines the challenges face by women psychologically and economically in Pakistan’s politics and suggests suitable measures to strengthen the role of women in politics.

Politik dan Perempuan: Kajian Kegagalan Caleg Perempuan PDIP pada Pemilu Legislatif Kota Ambon Tahun 2019

This article discusses the failure of female legislative candidates from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in the 2019 Legislative General Election in Ambon City. This research employs a qualitative approach with an explanatory research method. The research findings reveal that this failure can be attributed to several key factors. First, party recruitment and cadreship have not been optimally executed, leading to inadequate preparation for female candidates. Second, the political leadership of women within the party remains minimal, resulting in a lack of support and opportunities for female candidates. Third, the prominence of female figures is also limited, leading to reduced appeal and influence for female candidates. Finally, a low social base diminishes the electability potential of female candidates. The results of this research provide crucial insights into the role of women in politics within a local context and highlight the need for improvements in party recruitment, cadreship, and support for female candidates. Additionally, this study underscores the importance of employing an explanatory qualitative approach in analyzing political and gender-related issues.

Who is Afraid of More Women in Politics, and Why? An Analysis of Public Opinion in 28 European Countries

ABSTRACT We study how individual and country-level variables interact in affecting political gender attitudes in Europe. Based on data from the 2017 Eurobarometer survey, we show that there are high levels of support for more women in politics and legal measures to achieve gender parity across the EU. In fact, more people, and women in particular, put higher trust in female compared to male political representatives than the other way round. We find that – at the individual level – gender, age and education have significant effects on political gender attitudes. Contrary to theory, however, the effect of gender is not mediated by beliefs about the proper role of women in politics and society. We also do not find support for the contextual effects of masculine culture and the religiosity of society, but we do uncover significant gaps in political gender attitudes between post-communist and other countries, especially for men.

TIPE PARTISIPASI POLITIK PEREMPUAN PADA PEMILIHAN LEGISLATIF TAHUN 2019 DI KABUPATEN BOMBANA

The role of women in politics in almost all countries experiences obstacles, especially in developing countries, with both structural and cultural constraints. The structural constraints referred to are the level of education, economy, work of housewives, child care, and kitchen work. This work is identified as a second-class job that is difficult to balance with men when it comes to involvement in the public sector. While cultural constraints are cultural factors that place women in a private space where they have to live at home, women are always perceived as serving the family. Bombana District is one of the areas with a high level of female voter turnout and abstention for female voters. This study aims to determine the type of female voter participation in the 2019 legislative elections in Bombana District. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The types and sources of data in this study are using primary data and secondary data with observation data collection techniques, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the type of participation of female voters in the 2019 legislative elections in Bombana uses two types of participation, namely the type of passive participation and the type of golput participation.

Amelogenin peptide analyses reveal female leadership in Copper Age Iberia (c. 2900–2650 BC)

Given the absence of written records, the main source of information available to analyze gender inequalities in early complex societies is the human body itself. And yet, for decades, archaeologists have struggled with the sex estimation of poorly preserved human remains. Here we present an exceptional case study that shows how ground-breaking new scientific methods may address this problem. Through the analysis of sexually dimorphic amelogenin peptides in tooth enamel, we establish that the most socially prominent person of the Iberian Copper Age (c. 3200–2200 BC) was not male, as previously thought, but female. The analysis of this woman, discovered in 2008 at Valencina, Spain, reveals that she was a leading social figure at a time where no male attained a remotely comparable social position. Only other women buried a short time after in the Montelirio tholos, part of the same burial area, appear to have enjoyed a similarly high social position. Our results invite to reconsider established interpretations about the political role of women at the onset of early social complexity, and question traditionally held views of the past. Furthermore, this study anticipates the changes that newly developed scientific methods may bring to prehistoric archaeology and the study of human social evolution.

Role of Women in Politics of Pakistan

Role of Women in Politics of Pakistan

Қазақ Ордасы хандарының төре әулеттерімен еларалық қарым-қатынас орнатудағы неке дипломатиясы

The Kazakh Khanate is a large Muslim power with the traditions of a complex economy, based, among others, on the economy of semi–nomadic horse breeding, occupying the main part of the Great Steppe in the late Turkic period. The state of Kazakh Khandyk can be judged by its relations with the largest Muslim and neighboring states of that time. Extensive scientific reviews, articles, and works have been written about it and are being written now. We will not dwell on the history of the Khanate itself, on political issues of formation, in our article we will consider one of the topical themes – the role of women in this patriarchal semi-nomadic Muslim state. Let's try to write an analytical article about the role of women in politics, the role of women in public life, the role of women in cultural and spiritual life, the role of women in the life process,and also study how dynastic marriages were built between representatives of the Tore-Genghisids, between its ruling branches – Batuids and Sheibanids, as well as Juchids from Mogulistan. Also, based on medieval historical data, articles by domestic and foreign historians, the article provides some information about Kazakh women who lived in the palaces of the rulers of neighboring states, who had an impact in international, interstate diplomacy. Often they, being representatives of the Kazakh ruling elite, ended up there as a result of dynastic marriages. Women from among the Tore Genghisids were faithful companions in their husband's life, were mothers of the children of sultans. Some of them held high positions in the State and participated in its political (including international) and public life. We can write in more detail about such women as Mihr-Sultan from the Shibanid dynasties, Chuchuk Khanym in Mogulistan, Bopai Khanym in the Kazakh Horde, Aisha Khanym in Babur's palace, Suzge Khanym in the Siberian Khanate.

Women’s Empowerment and Fight against Violence in Latin America

Rates of gender-based violence in Latin America are high, but so is the number of women in national parliaments. This article analyzes that apparent paradox, paying attention to feminist and women’s rights mobilization in the region, the role of women in politics, and the development of legislation to address violence against women. Despite a comprehensive reshaping of the legal landscape, there are significant challenges to the implementation of these laws, including violence against women in politics. But feminist transnational activism continues to call for action.

Local Governance: History of Panchayati Raj System and women in PRIs

Women are one of the biggest assets in our society. Women are perfectionists and have power to create, nurture and transform. Women’s education, marital status, family structure and political affiliation of family affect their participation. Women are becoming more active and responsible in their duties outside the home. Still, they need more active participation to achieve democracy at grass root level. It is, undoubtedly, as much a challenge as it is a welcome change. Political Participation simply means participation or involvement in political activities. The development of society will be incomplete without the contribution of women. They are one of the most important part of the society by constituting half of the population. Women have to be active participants in administrative responsibilities and take leadership roles. Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) have opened the door of opportunities for women at various fronts. Through their active participation in these institutions, they are showing their decision-making capabilities in the field of comprehensive development of rural society viz. financial, cultural, social and educational development etc. This Paper will discuss about the history of Local governance, the role of women in politics and their behaviour in Politics by focusing on how PRIs is a tool to uplift the women in all the sphere of their lives. This paper includes primary and secondary data in descriptive methods.

ГЕНДЕРНА ОРІЄНТАЦІЯ ПУБЛІЧНОГО ВРЯДУВАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ В ПІСЛЯВОЄННІЙ ВІДБУДОВІ

Background. The modern philosophy of social life, where equal rights and opportunities are guaranteed to all, is a trend of world development. Gender approaches are implemented in all areas of society. This is evidenced, in particular, by the Sustainable Development Goals (Goal 5), UN Security Council Resolution 1325 "Women. Peace. Security", the Gender Equality Strategy of the Council of Europe for 2018–2023, the European Charter for the Equality of Women and Men in the Life of Local Communities, the Biarritz Partnership etc. The implementation of gender approaches in various spheres of social life allows us to see existing problems for various social groups and individuals, to offer alternative ways of solving them, which allow us to meet the needs of specific women and specific men. The very understanding of "governance" is based on new views on the work of civil power, which reflect its turning towards citizens, democratization, and are especially important in the conditions of decentralization. The modern understanding of this term, as I. Degtyareva notes, was formed and began to be actively used in the 90s years of the 20th century to denote a modern way of managing a democratic state, when all interested parties are involved in decision-making, which significantly expands the boundaries of traditional management of government bodies. Therefore, we can talk about the transition to gender-oriented governance in modern democratic countries. The purpose of this article is to analyze the gender orientation of modern public administration of Ukraine in the conditions of post-war reconstruction. Object of study. Democratic governance in the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine. Methods. To obtain scientific results, the method of comparative analysis was used to identify similarities/differences in Ukraine's development trends, readiness for joining the EU. A comparison of the study of the projects "Strengthening the role of women in politics and decision-making at the local level" of UNDP and "Gender aspects, development of agriculture and rural areas – Ukraine" of FAO gave grounds to conclude that the processes in the regions of Ukraine are similar to the global trend: the less authority and resources are in power, the more chances women have to come to power. The method of content analysis was also used as a quantitative-qualitative method of studying the speeches of the Head of the National Agency of Ukraine on Civil Service Issues, the Vice-Prime Minister of Ukraine on European and Euro-Atlantic Integration of Ukraine, and people's deputies. Results. In Ukraine, government officials, together with citizens, developed, wrote and implemented the State program for ensuring equal rights and opportunities for women and men, the Government approved the National Action Plan for the Implementation of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the National Action Plan for the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 "Women, peace, security". Departmental plans were developed and adopted for the implementation of this Plan. Amendments to normative legal acts that had discriminatory norms against women are planned and proposed for implementation. We can state that there is a real and rapid process of integration of gender approaches in all spheres of social life. The Government is also developing sectoral documents that will contribute to the development of gender-oriented public governance in the post-war period as well. At the same time, the problem remains the lack of experts on gender issues in public administration, as well as gender stereotypes that prevent effective change in society. Conclusions. Ukraine needs a systematic approach and consolidated actions of public authorities, civil society institutions, and business for a deeper understanding of gender approaches to the development of all spheres of our life. Post-war reconstruction will be a challenge for the implementation of a gender approach in all spheres of public life. At the same time, ensuring justice is the basic approach of public governance in European countries.

The Role of Women in Islamic Civilization: A Historical Reading in Khorasan

The importance of this research lay in the study of the pivotal role played by women in Islamic civilization. Through an evaluation of the political and cultural sides in Khorasan during the ninth and tenth centuries AD (third and fourth AH), it had the aim of revealing the truth about this role and its most prominent stages by following the historical descriptive analytical approach, based on collecting scientific material from its perspectives and then dividing and analyzing it to reach the specified goal. The research dealt with the study in the light of a number of axes: the first being the linguistic and geographical significance of the Khorasan region; the second, dealing with the political role of women in Khorasan through analyzing the most important political events that highlighted and referred to this role; and the third, discussing the role of women in Khorasan socially, culturally. religiously, and economically. The research concluded that the political and cultural influence of women in Khorasan reached its peak in the ninth and tenth centuries AD (third and fourth AH). The historical narratives referred to the active role of Khorasani women scientifically and culturally, and their influential role in objecting to the negative manifestations created by the feudal system and the land ownership system in the economic and social conditions of the time. KEYWORDS Abbasid state, feudalism, Ghaznavid state, Islamic east, Samanid state, Seljuks

The Differential Effect of Women Politicians' Communication, Efficacy, and Ideology in Building Citizens' Political Satisfaction and Trust: A Case of a Developing Nation

The current study examines the impact of politicians' communication, efficacy, and ideology on citizens’ political satisfaction and trust in the developing nation of Indonesia. Women’s political participation and representation are encouraged worldwide based on their communication skills, strong personalities, and public-oriented ideologies. In this context, the current study assessed the contingent impact of gender (men and women politicians) to investigate the differential impact of their communication, efficacy, and ideology on citizens’ political satisfaction. The data were collected from 590 Indonesian citizens at local administrative units and analyzed using SmartPLS v. 4. Results revealed that women politicians' communication and efficacy impact citizens’ political satisfaction more than men politicians. In contrast, the politician's ideology was indifferent to male and female politicians, revealing no significant differences. The current study reflects the significant role of women in politics in bringing economic development and prosperity to a nation and extends the existing political literature using the resource-based view theory.