Representation Of Women Research Articles

TRADITIONAL DOWRY IN REPRESSING PAPUAN WOMEN’S POLITICAL REPRESENTATION JAYAPURA CITY LEGISLATIVE 2014-2019

This research investigated the impact of traditional dowry payments on the low political representation of indigenous Papuan women in the Jayapura City legislature from 2014 to 2019. Despite the election of four indigenous Papuan women to the Jayapura City legislature in 2014, there remains a significant gap in representation. This qualitative research gathered data through interviews with 30 respondents, including seven influential community figures, seven husbands of indigenous Papuan women, six Papuan students, two lecturers, three members of political parties, two female Papuan legislators, one representative from the General Election Commission, one member of the Papuan People’s Council, and the head of the Population and Civil Registry Service. Observational data were gathered from the General Election Commission Office and the indigenous Papuan community in Jayapura City. Documentation review further supplemented the research, focusing on legislative representation data, voter turnout, and customary dowry payment records for indigenous Papuan women. The data underwent rigorous re-validation to ensure the analysis accurately reflected the reality of how traditional dowry practices hinder the political participation of indigenous Papuan women in the Jayapura City legislature during the specified period. The findings reveal that the obligation for indigenous Papuan women to adhere to their husbands’ directives, a consequence of dowry payments, significantly limits their ability to engage in political activities, including legislative candidacy and community campaigning. This restriction was exemplified in the 2019 election, where only one indigenous Papuan woman was elected to the Jayapura City legislature.

Does Matrilineality Reduce Gender Inequality in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Public Participation? Some Evidence from Malawi.

This paper reports on Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) public participation in Malawi with a focus on the role of women from matrilineal and patrilineal marriage systems. Six rural ESIA projects are explored of which three are in areas of patrilineal and three are in areas of matrilineal systems. Participation space was found to be consistently dominated by men, with no obvious differences between both systems. The key reasons are likely to be lower educational and social status of women in rural areas throughout the country. This is associated with a number of challenges, including chronic poverty and food insecurity. Affirmative action is needed to achieve a better representation of women in ESIA processes.

Unveiling the Missing Link: Women in Stem Leadership – A Comprehensive Review

This paper extensively examined the representation of women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) within Malaysia, contextualized globally and historically. Existing research affirms the growing presence of women in the workforce (Gupta, 2020; National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2020), their progress in higher education (Manongsong & Ghosh, 2021; Vietze et al., 2022), their presence in professional and managerial roles (Burton et al., 2020; Evans & Maley, 2021), and their successful elevation to CEO positions (Dadanlar & Abebe, 2020). However, women continue to be significantly underrepresented in leadership positions, particularly within STEM firms (Hideg & Shen, 2019; National Academies of Sciences & Medicine, 2020). Young Malaysian women excel in both academic and extracurricular STEM activities from primary to university. Despite this gender equity achieved in STEM education, with 29% of tertiary engineering graduates and 57% of science degree holders being female, only 6% of women pursue careers as STEM professionals (Looi, 2022). Additionally, slightly over 4% of women hold leadership roles in technology firms in Malaysia (Amin & Tan, 2018). Using social constructivist and feminist theories, this analysis examines how societal and environmental factors affect girls’ performance in math and science. Educators and parents play a vital role in providing crucial support. This study also highlights a major research gap, particularly in understanding where qualified women in STEM go, especially within Malaysia.

Gender trends at the annual Spanish Urologic Association (AEU) meeting: A review of AEU programmes over a 10-year period (2012–2022)

IntroductionGender equity in urological meetings is pivotal for fostering diversity and inclusivity in the field. This study aims to evaluate the representation of Spanish urologist and regional disparities, and to assess its alignment with the demographic composition of the urological community. Materials and methodsAll urology meetings organized by the AEU between January 2012 and December 2022 were reviewed, including meeting information and details of the faculty. Additionally, we analysed geographic distribution of speakers across 17 different regions. Gender demographics were obtained disaggregating data by sex and year from the Organización Médica Colegial de España (OMC) and from those urologists affiliated to the AEU. ResultsAnalysing 52 AEU congresses held from 2012 to 2022, encompassing 3,407 speakers, the study found that 95.25% of speakers were from Spain and 89.6% were male speakers. Over the years, there was a positive trend in female speaker representation, increasing by 1.1% annually, slightly lagging the 1.8% annual rise in the number of female urologists in Spain. In specific subfields like functional, transplantation, and oncology sessions, the study revealed a higher representation of women, indicating focused efforts in these areas. Geographically, Madrid, Catalonia and Andalusia exhibited the highest representation. ConclusionsAlthough there was a positive trend towards an increased participation of female urologists in Spanish urological meetings, it fails to accurately reflect the proportional increase in the number of women entering the urology profession in recent years. This study underscores the importance of ongoing efforts to ensure diverse and balanced representation in urological forum.

Women’s Representation in Governance in the Nigerian Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges

Gender equality has been identified by the UN as central to attaining sustainable development. Women, who constitute about half of the global population, are believed to possess the administrative skills and leadership traits needed to solve developmental problems and bring about the desired development. Despite the government policy of 35% representation of women in governance, representation in Nigeria has remained low (about 6%) at all levels since the inception of the Fourth Republic. Factors associated with the low representation, according to scholars, include lack of funds, cultural constraints, and discrimination, among others. This study, using feminine theory, seeks to investigate the challenge of women's representation in governance in Nigeria between 2015 to 2023. A mixed method approach was used to examine the constraints to women's representation and what can be done to stem the tides of low representation of women in governance in Nigeria. Primary data were analysed with statistical tools such as bar charts and simple percentages while qualitative data were analysed descriptively. The study recommends reservation of certain positions for women, provision of special funds for women in politics, and eradication of violence, and money politics while electoral laws should be amended to prevent unholy party practices.

The Political Representation of Women Politicians from Mass-Based Islamic Parties in Palembang City Regarding the Low Representation of Women in Legislative Bodies (A Study on the PAN and PKS Parties in Palembang City)

The background of this research provides an in-depth understanding of the representation of female politicians from Islamic mass-based parties in Palembang, highlighting the ongoing issue of insufficient female representation. Despite the implementation of a 30% quota, women's representation in parliament does not reach this threshold due to various obstacles to political participation. This research specifically examines the representation of female politicians in the PAN and PKS parties in Palembang to understand both the presence of female politicians in the city and the central-level policies supporting women in the region. In Palembang, the PAN party allocates a 38% quota for female politicians, while the PKS party allocates a 30% quota. This study employs descriptive qualitative methods and was conducted in Palembang. Data were collected through in-depth interviews using purposive sampling techniques. Primary data sources include interviews, while secondary data sources include literature reviews. The findings reveal that in the PAN party, women have a 38% quota, supported by an organization called National Mandate Women (PUAN) that handles recruitment. In the PKS party, the women's quota is 30%, with recruitment conducted through various channels, including assessments of cadres' abilities and expertise. The 2019 elections showed a shift, with women becoming more independent in their political decisions, previously influenced by men's political preferences.

Ibu(isme) dan Film Orde Baru: Representasi Ibu dalam film Jangan Menangis Mama

The representation of women in films is always an interesting topic in Indonesian film studies. This article aims to reveal the representation of women, especially in their identity as mothers in the film Jangan Menangis Mama (Don’t Cry Mommy) was produced in 1977. This film was directed by Sofia WD, a film star, screenwriter, and film producer who works both in the Old Order and the New Order of the Indonesian Film Industry. Based on Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis, this article uncovers two levels of meaning systems, namely denotation and connotation related to the mother's character in the film. The process of interpreting these signs cannot be separated from the concept of ‘ibuism’ (motherhood) as a gender-political ideology of the New Order and the context of the male-dominated film industry. Research findings show that the dominant representation of mothers is associated with the weak position of a woman with various roles: as a wife, a mother, a single mother, a citizen, and a daughter. However, this research found a 'limited' agency from Sofia WD as a woman director of the film Jangan Menangis Mama to offer gender representation that is not completely stereotypical as well as not just 'black and white' as in previous studies.

Constitutional Amendment 106 Women Reservation - What can be Learned from 1/3rd PRI Reservation?

Abstract: Attaining gender inclusion and political empowerment is the goal of the historic Constitutional Amendment for Women's Reservation, which calls for a one-third reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs). The dynamics of women's participation in grassroots governance can be better understood by looking at the lessons learned from PRIs' implementation of the 1/3rd reservation. In rural local bodies, like as Panchayats, women were required to occupy one-third of the seats under the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992. In an effort to rectify past gender inequalities, increase women's representation in decision-making bodies, and boost their social and political standing, this proactive policy was put in place. The revolutionary effect on women's political engagement is one important takeaway from the one-third reservation in PRIs. Women were able to take part in local administration through the reserved seats, which helped them develop their leadership abilities and increase their visibility in public service. As a result, women's status in communities was enhanced, and decisionmaking became more inclusive and equal. The importance of prioritizing health, education, and social welfare issues is positively correlated with women's political representation, which is another lesson. To address pressing social issues, women PRI officials frequently fought for policies that would have a direct positive effect on women's and marginalized communities' quality of life. In addition, the 1/3rd reservation effort highlighted the significance of initiatives that strengthen the abilities of female leaders. To help women successfully carry out their responsibilities as leaders, educational and training programs were crucial in providing them with the information and abilities they needed to understand and handle the many facets of government. Even with these good results, there are still problems. In many cases, women are unable to reach their full leadership potential due to cultural biases, patriarchal attitudes, and resistance from established power structures. If we want women to have an impact in politics, we need to break down these entrenched stereotypes and create conditions where they feel comfortable taking an active role

Patriarchal politics and women representation in governance in Nigeria, 1999-2023

In some parts of Africa, discriminatory laws and policies restrict women's access to certain occupations and limit their property ownership rights. This limits women's political and economic participation, decreases their income-earning potential, and perpetuates gender inequality, hindering economic growth and poverty reduction. Nigeria as a post-colonial state adopted a democratic system based on non-gender discrimination in political participation, which was modelled after the British parliamentary democratic system. However, in Nigeria, the colonial legacy of marginalization of women in politics was intensified at independence in 1960 based on the patriarchal traditional norms of colonial Nigerian society of male dominance. This inequality is particularly problematic, as it contributes to a cycle of poverty and discrimination that disproportionately affects women and their economic status and well-being. Therefore, this paper intends to unravel how gender disproportionate representation in power structures leads to the marginalization of women in governance in Nigeria. The paper was anchored on structural-functional theory as its theoretical framework of analysis. The paper depended on the documentary method of data generation, using secondary sources. Content analysis was employed for the analysis of data generated from documents. This study found that gender disproportionate representation in power structures skewed in favour of the male gender accounted for the marginalization of women in governance in Nigeria. The recommendation here is that a system of gender quotas should be statutorily instituted for public service appointments, leading to a just and equitable society for all in Nigeria.

Mapping the Discourse of Gender Subordination in the Art World in Indonesia

Instead of hastily trying to throw out a discourse that rarely or has never appeared in related discussions, what then becomes the breath of the analysis in this scientific article is an effort to mapping the position of women's gender subordination and the representation of women artists discourses in the dialogue of a special scope, namely Indonesian art world. The analysis was carried out using three theoretical concepts, namely subordination, symbolic violence and representation in the art world in Indonesia. By conducting a literature study on literature and art events, the results of this scientific research show that: (1) Collective awareness is believed to support the articulation of resistance to gender inequality; (2) This awareness extends to the involvement of male artists as well, but there are other articulation practices that are more reflective in nature, meaning the construction of the gender identity of the female artist; and (3) The condition of gender inequality is also voiced in-depth reflections aimed at erasing the gender dichotomy caused by stereotypes.

Representation of Women in Gothic Literature: Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier

Representation of Women in Gothic Literature: Rebecca by Daphne du Maurier

"Not Just a Double-O": Shifting Embodiments of Female Heroism in <em>No Time to Die</em>

Like the spiralling title credits of Casino Royale (2006), the representation of women in Bond films has not always followed a linear path. The evolution of female characters has generally been viewed as peaking in the Brosnan-era with the introduction of a stern female M (Judi Dench) in GoldenEye (1995) and the highly skilled Agent Lin (Michelle Yeoh) in Tomorrow Never Dies (1997). Craig-era films continued to cast Dench, but by SkyFall’s release (2012), M was discarded, and, barring a few exceptions, female representation of Agent Lin’s caliber was replaced with disposable anti-heroines such as Severine (Berenice Marlohe). This article reassesses Craig-era Bond women, specifically in No Time To Die (2021) by focussing on the shifting nature of their embodiment. The depiction of these Bond women and their various lived experiences of womanhood have profound implications for the continuation of the series. The article argues that these female protagonists re-envision the Bond heroine so to as align with feminist movements (such as #MeToo) and themes. Drawing from feminist-phenomenological frameworks rooted in sensory scholarship and Beauvoirean philosophy, this article looks back at previous examples of prominent female spies in the Bond films to determine how the latest film instalment recycles and re-imagines the female action heroine through the body. Loaded with power and independence, these new protagonists function not just as female Double-O's but agentic cinematic characters in their own right.

Analysis of Gender Paradigms in the West and the East: An Example of Visual Arts

The article focuses on the differences between Eastern and Western art, characteristics of the representation of women's images in Eastern and Western art, and aesthetic criteria regarding women's images in Eastern and Western art. The author emphasized the need to understand the image of women in Eastern and Western visual artworks in different cultural and historical contexts and concluded that studying the image of women in visual art can help one better understand regional gender paradigm differences. To understand the representation of women in Eastern and Western cultures, it is necessary to first understand the differences and similarities between these two cultures in order to gain a deeper understanding of how women are portrayed in these cultures. A few of the differences that can be found between East and West include the geographical structure, the ethno-cultural colors, the social outlooks, and the aesthetic ideals of the two regions. In addition to these factors, it is also important to consider how the visual arts of the two regions differ in their methods, materials, and religious, philosophical and philosophical perspectives. Throughout the article, the author discusses these aspects in great detail, showing specific approaches as to how the female image is represented in Eastern and Western visual art traditions. As such, the article provides valuable insight into the cultural divide between East and West and how their respective artistic styles have interacted with each other.

Representation of women in Buya Hamka's novel by A. Fuadi

Representation of women in Buya Hamka's novel by A. Fuadi

Violence on social networks related to the body image of young women and its repercussions on health.

Social networking sites perpetuate gender stereotypes, inequalities, and gender violence, generating adverse health effects. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between Instagram, alcohol consumption and effects on health, through interviews and discussion groups involving adolescents (high school or university students and workers), during the period from the third to the sixth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 118 individuals participated in the study. Three coding clusters were identified: (1) Inequality in the representation of men and women on SNSs; (2) Violence towards women's bodies and sexual violence on SNSs; and (3) Health problems derived from violence against women's body image on SNSs. The main focus of our analysis was the exhibition of the female body, in which eroticization of the body prevails and gender roles are perpetuated. Violence is generated towards women in the form of misogynistic attacks for daring to challenge conventional stereotypes. Many interviewees coincide that the main health effects include low self-esteem, anxiety and eating disorders. The institutional response to the abuses and violence committed on SNSs against women is weak, and public policies are needed to protect women in these environments where they are especially vulnerable.

Before and After <em>For Your Eyes Only</em>: Permanently Reinventing the "Bond Girl" Formula

In the early years of the James Bond franchise, female characters that bucked the “Bond Girl” stereotype of a ditzy, dependent-upon-Bond young woman were few and far between. This changed in 1981, with the release of For Your Eyes Only, a film, which this article will show, permanently altered the “Bond Girl” formula through its four female characters. Tracy di Vincenzo (Diana Rigg), Bond’s deceased wife, is the center of the film’s cold open through Bond’s visit to her gravesite, highlighting her narrative and emotional significance to Bond. Melina Havelock (Carole Bouquet) is a fully competent woman on a revenge mission following the death of her parents, who saves Bond on multiple occasions. Bibi Dahl (Lynn-Holly Johnson) is a Lolita-like figure that Bond rejects, highlighting for the first time that he has scruples in regard to his choice of women. Countess Lisl von Schlaf (Cassandra Harris) is shown having an intimate and emotional relationship with Bond, seen through Bond’s choice to hold her hand, stay with her long after intercourse, and mourn her following her death. Using close textual analysis, this article demonstrates how these women (and For Your Eyes Only in general) upended the “Bond Girl” formula and pinpoints this film as an integral installment and turning point for the representation of women in this iconic franchise, for the 1980s and beyond.

Lack of women physician representation in the Japanese Society of Hospital General Medicine.

The increasing number of women physicians is in contrast to their underrepresentation in academic positions and professional associations. This study aimed to evaluate the status of women physicians in the Japanese Society of Hospital General Medicine (JHGM) based on society membership, board membership, and annual meeting authorship. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted. Information on women physicians, society and board membership, and annual meeting authorship was collected. Data from the Japanese Primary Care Association (JPCA) served as the control. The gender of authors with accepted abstracts in the JHGM and JPCA annual meetings was determined by name or Internet search. In the JHGM, 14.2% of members were women physicians, compared to 19.1% in the JPCA (p < 0.001). None of the 21 JHGM board members were women, compared to 20.5% in the JPCA (p < 0.001). The average number of years of experience was significantly higher for the JHGM board members than for the JPCA board members (37.0 vs. 28.1 years, p < 0.001). Women first authors in the 2022-2023 JHGM meeting comprised 17.9%, significantly lower than the 28.4% in the 2023 JPCA meeting (p = 0.002). Similar patterns were seen for women last authors (6.0% in the JHGM vs. 18.8% in the JPCA, p < 0.001) and women chairpersons (17.9% in the JHGM vs. 40.3% in the JPCA, p = 0.036). The JHGM has low women representation in society and board membership, and annual meeting authorship. Strategies are needed to enhance diversity and inclusion by increasing women's participation and leadership in the JHGM.

Women's Representation in Hamidullah's and Chughtai's Selected Short Stories: A Psycho-feminist Study

Even though staunch feminist writers take up responsibilities to represent them, the question of identity remains unresolved because of insufficient understanding of women’s psyche and sensitivity. This study focuses on the psychoanalytical behavior of women in phallocentric society to investigate how gender discrimination depends on the social identities of interacting parties. This study examines women’s identities in the selected short stories by Ismat Chughtai and Zaib-Un-Nisa Hamidullah to explore how women’s gender and their inhibitions create difficulties in self-representations for them. This research takes into account the South Asian socio-cultural settings in which Chughtai and Hamidullah's works are placed. Both writers have addressed the core issues related to women’s life going deep into their psychology. Employing the theoretical underpinnings of Chandra Talpade Mohanty, this research would engage with the lived experiences of the women of the sub-continent and highlight the debates and remedies to resolve their issues. The study seeks to clarify how patriarchal systems, power dynamics, and psychoanalytic processes affect women's sense of self and agency through an analysis of the women’s experiences. The findings shed light on more general concerns of gender, identity, and empowerment as well as feminist literary criticism.

A glimpse of social presence during an organic chemistry group activity

IntroductionThe US must strengthen the STEM workforce to provide solutions that support a resilient society and robust economy. Such solutions require a range of perspectives from individuals with diverse identities. However, women and individuals who identify as a racial or ethnic minority are woefully underrepresented in the STEM workforce. The reality doubly impacts those with intersecting identities, such as Black women. Efforts to increase the representation of Black women in STEM disciplines include interventions that improve their success in undergraduate courses. Paramount to this is expanding understanding of the experiences of Black women in the academic setting. The current work is situated within the social presence of the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework, examining social talk among Black women in the learning environment. The CoI model holds that the interconnection between teaching, cognitive, and social presences influences how students engage to master course content. More specifically, each presence is critical for the student’s ability to connect with their peers and instructor and engage in discourse related to the application of information.MethodsThe characterization of social presence was captured through audio and visual recordings. The videos were examined for academic and non-academic social talk. The group examined consisted of four Black women at a HBCU.ResultsInstances of social talk were captured that aligned with affective and emotional expression, open communication, and group cohesion. The dialog was both academic in nature, corresponding to the task, and non-academic, unrelated to the task.DiscussionFew studies have been done to characterize CoI in academic spaces consisting only of Black women. Disaggregating the stories of Black women from the broader context provides the visibility needed to understand their experiences and imagine a STEM paradigm responsive to their existence. Such knowledge is critical to understanding better how women, particularly women of African descent, navigate the learning environment. The article provides a preliminary look at Black women in an active learning setting to shed light on the experiences of these individuals in the STEM context.

The glass ceiling effect in Spanish advertising creative departments

The representation of women in advertising creative departments has been studied worldwide. The findings have shown a low representation that does not favor the emergence of a critical mass of women, who could contribute with alternative visions to make advertising more inclusive. The underrepresentation, above all, occurs in managerial positions where they do not usually reach 35%. This study aims to update and report quantitatively on the phenomenon of the glass ceiling in Spain. In addition, in order to contextualize the level of segregation, these departments are compared with available international data. The results of a content analysis of the credit forms of 839 Spanish campaigns published in 2019 (a sample of 1,311 creatives) revealed gender dynamics, with a balanced starting group of creatives in non-managerial positions (just over 40% are women), but a figure of just 18% of women in managerial roles A higher glass ceiling effect was also found when European and global data were compared. The results analyzed through the perspective of the proportional representation theory (Kanter, 1977a, 1977b, 1987), suggest the need to raise awareness of gender inequalities within creative departments; this would foster the equality demanded by today’s society, of which advertising should not be oblivious.