Women Of Menopausal Age Research Articles

Influence of obesity on the development of endometrial hyperplasia in women of all ages

Recent scientific studies show that fat tissue is not a passive metabolism depot, as previously thought, but manifests itself as an active endocrine organ. Pathological processes occurring in adipose tissue with its hypertrophy during weight gain are considered links in carcinogenesis in more than 20% of malignant tumors, including endometrial and breast cancer.The aim of the research was to study the effect of excess weight (BMI >30) on the development of endometrial hyperplasia in women of reproductive age and in menopause.The medical histories of 62 patients from 2016 to 2018 with diagnoses of endometrial hyperplasia without atypia and endometrial hyperplasia with atypia were reviewed in a retrospective study according to pathological histology after hysteroscopy. Depending on the reproductive status and body mass index, four groups of patients were formed.Obtained data showed that in women with obesity, the percentage of atypical hyperplasia (65.9%) was significantly higher than in women with normal body weight (28.6%). In young women with overweight, the percentage of atypical hyperplasia was 57.9%, while for BMI <30 – 16.7%. In women of menopausal age with a BMI >30 percent of atypical hyperplasia, 68.2%, while with a BMI <30 – 33.3%. In women of menopausal age with a BMI >30 percent of atypical hyperplasia is 64.9%, while in young women with a BMI >30 – 48%.The results of the study show that atypical hyperplasia of the endometrium is more often detected in the presence of excessive body weight, and the risk of its development among obese women of menopausal age is comparatively higher than in obese young women. Since the probability of progression of endometrial cancer is increased 45 times within 1 year if the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is confirmed histologically, weight correction is a method of preventing the development of atypical changes in the endometrium at any age.

Bio Psychosocial Risk Factors of Depression in the Menopausal Transition: A Narrative Review

Context: As the most common psychiatric disorder associated with menopause, depression is associated with significant morbidity and mortality consequences. Given the importance of identifying risk factors of depression in the menopausal period, this study aims to determine bio psychosocial risk factors of depression during the menopausal transition. Evidence Acquisition: For this narrative review, electronic databases including Google Scholar, Magiran, Scientific Information Database (SID), PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Ovid, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched. Articles published between 1978 and 2017 were retrieved, and an abstract and full-text appraisal was conducted. A total of 71 articles were selected for this review. The inclusion criteria included articles focusing on depression in menopausal-aged women that were published in scientific journals and English and Farsi language articles conducted in menopausal aged women. Results: The bio psychosocial risk factors of depression were divided into three major categories: biological, psychological, and social risk factors. Conclusions: Given the important role of psychological health in menopausal-aged women, it is recommended that mental health and risk factors of psychiatric disorders in menopause are evaluated at menopause clinics and that every high-risk woman is referred to a psychiatrist for pharmacological or non-pharmacological intervention. Keywords: Biological; Depression; Menopause; Psychiatric Disorders; Psychosocial Factors

Development of Cream Soup Made From Combination of Black Soybean (Glycine soja L. merrit) and Red Rice (Oryza nivara) as an Alternative Functional Food for Menopausal Women

This study aimed to develop an organoleptic acceptable cream soup formula made from combination of black soybean (Glycine soja L. merrit) and red rice (Oryza nivara) which met the nutritional requirements and contained antioxidants in the form of snack as a functional food for menopausal women. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatment levels combination of black soybeans and red rice, namely F1 (80:20), F2 (70:30), and F3 (60:40). The results of the hedonic organoleptic test showed that the selected formula was F1 functional cream soup product. The nutrient content analysis showed that the product contained 1.98% water, 1.88% ash, 4.00% fat, 13.36% protein, 78.76% carbohydrates, 17.87% total dietary fiber, 10.71% soluble dietary fiber, 162.59 μg/g total isoflavones, and 254.58 μg/g total anthocyanins. Each portion of the F1 product could contribute 10.66% and 11.73% of the recommended dietary allowances (RDA) for energy and protein for women of menopausal age, respectively. Each portion also had an antioxidant activity of 723.73 mg/100 g (AEAC). The product is safe to consume because its total microbial content was 3.4 x 102 colonies/g. The resulting product has the potential to be a functional food due to its fiber, total isoflavones, and total anthocyanins contents, as well as its antioxidant activity.

Correlation of age at menopause with bone mineral density in post-menopausal women: A prospective study

Background: Osteoporosis is a major public health problem as it is associated with substantial morbidity and socioeconomic burden. Aims and Objective: To correlate the age at menopause with bone mineral density in post menopausal woman. Materials and Methods: Two hundred postmenopausal women were studied at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, King Georges Medical University, Lucknow, between September 2015 to August 2016. A detailed questionnaire was filled which included details of demographic factors of the patient, detailed reproductive history including parity, number of living children, age at menarche, age at menopause, years since menopause, whether menopause was natural or surgical. BMD was measured in each woman at lumbar spine (L1-L4) by lunar Prodigy dual energy X Ray absorptiometry. Results: A total of 72 (36%) women had osteopenia and remaining 123 (61.5%) had osteoporosis. Only 5 (2.5%) women had normal BMD status. Maximum (n=121) were in the 51-60 years age group. There was no significant relation between age and BMD. Proportion of women with osteoporosis was significantly higher in rural (70.3%) as compared to urban (41.9%) areas (p=0.001). Osteoporosis was seen in 82.6%women with > 4 parity (p=0.049). Mean age of menopause in women with normal BMD, osteopenia and osteoporosis was 44.60, 45.51and 43.85 years respectively. No significant association between period since menopause and BMD status could be seen. No significant association was observed either for total or for any of the BMD strata (p>0.05).With increasing duration since menopause a significant decline in T scores was observed (p=0.023) on overall assessment. However, this association was not significant statistically for different BMD strata (p>0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher as compared to the world prevalence. The correlation between the age at menopause and BMD was significant in accordance with the various worldwide studies.

Determination of the frequency of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (gsm) and female sexual dysfunctions

The carried out research has shown that menopause, a special state of quality transformation in a woman’s body, caused by the shift in hormonal homeostasis, is an evidential moment of direct dependency between change of concentration of sex steroids and frequency and level of age disorders, namely genitourinary menopausal disorders, sexual dysfunctions. It was established that the average age of the beginning of menopause in the examined women was 49,1±1,22 years. Genitourinary syndrome of menopause, as a feature of medium-term climacteric disorders, was observed in 53,1% of the examined women, while in 127 (36,3%) of the examined these disorders were first established 1–2 years before the menopause, with I degree of complexity in 43 (12,3%) and II degree – in 139 (39,7%). It was noted that among women of menopausal age sexual dysfunctions were established, namely disorders of desire (48,6%), arousal (46,9%), primary (10,6%) and secondary (17,7%) anorgasmia, dyspareunia (49,1%), diagnosed in 72,6% of cases in various combinations. Disorders of sexual health in women of menopausal age were combined with the state of disappointment, reduction of self-esteem and contributed to the disharmony of a couple through «vicious circle». Prevention of these disorders should be carried out systematically and gradually, starting with premenopause in accordance with the principles of interdisciplinary approach.

Individualization of approaches to managing patients during menopausal transition

The global aging of the population leads to a significant increase in the demographic burden on society, puts a heavy burden on the economy and causes significant structural changes in the sphere of social security. Therefore, the problem of maintaining the health of women in peri- and post-menopause becomes extremely important for public health and health. It is in this period that a number of somatic and mental diseases appear that significantly affect the quality and overall life span of a woman. Inevitably, menopausal manifestations is a change in hormone levels that causes various symptoms, including vasomotor disorders, bone density, hair loss, decreased sexual interest and mood, etc. Therefore, the development of therapeutic and rehabilitative programs for women of menopausal age, based on pathogenetically substantiated complex treatment. Among other things, patients in the phase of the menopausal transition need to take into account several principal provisions:– Clinical deficiency of sex hormones (estrogens, progesterone and testosterone) in women is an indication for the appointment of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) with appropriate hormones. This should be done as soon as possible (during the menopausal transition) and personified – taking into account the individual characteristics of patients. The purpose of MHT should correspond to the symptomatology and goals of the prevention of various diseases, as well as the history, research results, preferences and expectations of women.– Women who need correction of the symptoms of menopause and adequate control of the endometrium, should be prescribed a combination of estrogen and gestogen. In the presence of risk factors for hyperproliferation, the best choice is the combination of estrogen and progestogens with antiproliferative activity, for example levonorgestrel, which can be prescribed both in combination menopausal therapy and in the form of an intrauterine system with this gestogen.– A special category is patients who have clinical manifestations of androgen deficiency in the clinical situation, in addition to the characteristic symptoms of estrogen deficiency. In such patients, preference should be given to the drug containing levonorgestrel, which has residual androgenic activity, provides adequate control of the endometrium and has additional advantages with regard to the prevention of osteoporosis, premature ovarian failure and cognitive decline.

Influence of menopausal symptoms on perceived work ability among women in a Nigerian University

Objectives: This study investigated the menopausal symptoms experienced by women of menopausal age in Ekiti State, Nigeria and the influence on their perceived work ability.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional research design was employed and the study was conducted among 200 working-class women aged 45 years and above who had experienced at least 12 continuous months of amenorrhea in Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti. A semi-structured questionnaire adapted from the Greene Climacteric Scale and the work ability index was used to assess menopausal symptoms and work ability, respectively.Result: The prevalence of menopausal symptoms in this study was 96.5%. The commonest menopausal symptom experienced by the respondents was muscle pain (81.5%), followed by sweating at night (80%), while spells of crying were the least (27.5%). Out of the symptoms, hot flushes were rated most severe followed by sweating at night, while crying spells were also the least severe symptom. Only 27% expressed excellent work ability. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed a negative significant relationship (r = −0.311, p < 0.001) between menopausal symptoms and perceived work ability.Conclusion: The study concluded that menopausal symptoms had a negative influence on work ability of the respondents.

Women veterans and menopause: Knowledge and preferences

ABSTRACTThe increasing number and older age of women Veterans receiving care at Veterans Health Administration (VHA) requires health-care providers to adjust to their changing patient population. We explored women Veterans’ self-reported knowledge of menopause, current/preferred sources of menopausal health information, and perceptions/barriers regarding treatment of menopausal symptoms. Three focus groups were conducted at two South Florida VHA facilities in 2014, which included 30 women Veterans (aged 45–60 years) who visited VHA primary care clinics at least once in the past year. Participants reported using various sources to obtain general and menopausal health information, particularly family, friends, and the internet. Some women also had discussions with their health-care providers, but believed not all VHA providers were knowledgeable about menopause. Most preferred older female providers, thinking they were better informed about menopausal issues. Women favored complementary/alternative therapies and were against using hormone therapy (HT) for symptom relief, although they felt they were insufficiently informed about HT. Menopausal-age women are the fastest growing group at VHA. To provide better care and enhance their experiences, the VHA must educate all primary care providers about menopausal care and strive to address women Veterans’ menopausal concerns and preferences.

The modern approach to the correction of menopausal disorders in women with physiological menopause and after ovariectomy

The problem of menopause attracts attention for many decades of not only gynecologists, but urologists, cardiologists, psychiatrists and other doctors. This is related to systemic complications of estrogen deficiency. The objective of our work is to establish clinical and hormonal changes in women of menopausal age with physiological menopause and after ovariectomy and also assess the effectiveness of the offered treatment. During the examination and treatment the women were divided as follows: I – main group – 48 women with physiological menopause: Ia (n=27) – within three months received a complex of non-hormonal treatment, Ib (n=21) – hormone replacement therapy (HRT); II group – 34 women after total ovariectomy: IIa (16) with therapeutic purpose received a complex of non-hormonal treatment for three months, IIb (18) – HRT. The offered complex of non-hormonal treatment included Cimicifuga, Menopace, Noophen. This treatment was used in women with early menopause who have contraindications to HRT or refused to take hormones. The degree of severity of menopausal syndrome was judged according to the menopausal index of Kuperman. In the study of hormonal status the determination of a set of hormones by immunochemical method was performed. During study we obtained results that indicate the inverse dynamics of menopausal disorders in both study groups. For the prevention and treatment of individual selection of treatment of climax manifestations it is appropriate the dynamic definition of hormonal mirrors of the patients.

Perimenopausal Symptomatology and Menopause-Related Quality of Life [2M

INTRODUCTION: Increasing evidence demonstrates a gap between women's own experience of menopause and practitioners' diagnosis and treatment of menopause-related symptoms (MRS). This study aims to identify subjective symptoms in perimenopausal women and their association with menopause-related Quality of Life (MQOL). METHODS: Women aged 45-64 enrolled in Family Medicine- and OBGYN-based primary care settings were approached electronically to participate. Women were excluded if they had past surgical history of oophorectomy, history of breast, or endometrial cancer, or were currently pregnant. In total, 70 women completed the baseline survey which included the Greene Climacteric Scale (measuring MRS) and the Utian Quality of Life Scale (measuring MQOL). Forward stepwise linear regression analyses were used to identify MRS predictors associated with MQOL scores. RESULTS: Several MQOL domains were significantly associated with MRS. Psychological symptoms were significantly associated with occupational (-0.66; p &lt; .0001), emotional (-0.48; p &lt; .0001), and overall quality of life (-1.71; p &lt; .0001) MQOL scores. Depression symptoms were strongly associated with menopause health MQOL (-0.95; p &lt; .0001), and vasomotor symptoms were strongly associated with sexual MQOL (-0.40; p 0.036). CONCLUSION: Symptomatology significantly correlates with quality of life among women of menopausal age. As psychological and depression symptoms worsen, women report diminished quality of life. Similarly, as vasomotor symptoms increase, sexual quality of life worsens. These symptoms are common, but are often poorly understood clinically. MRS should be addressed within the clinical setting with tools such as the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Practice Bulletin and EHR-based Best Practice Alerts (BPAs).

Treatment of Vaginal Atrophy with Vaginal Estrogen Cream in Menopausal Indian Women.

To measure the effect of vaginal estrogen cream in the treatment of vaginal atrophy in menopausal Indian women. A total of 50 menopausal women aged between 40 and 80 years old with symptoms of vaginal atrophy were selected and treated with 0.5 g vaginal estrogen cream, twice weekly for 12 weeks. The women were followed-up monthly where symptom score, Genital Health Clinical Evaluation (GHCE) score, vaginal pH, and vaginal maturation index (VMI) were assessed and compared to baseline data. Any adverse events were recorded. There was a significant improvement (p < 0.010) in complaints such as vaginal dryness, itching, burning, and dyspareunia at the end of the study period. The clinical improvement of these patients was reflected in a decrease in GHCE score on every visit. Vaginal pH and VMI score also showed statistically significant improvements (p < 0.010). No side effects with the drugs used were recorded during the study period. Vaginal estrogen cream causes symptomatic relief in women of menopausal age in India suffering from vaginal atrophy.

Age at Menopause and Extent of Coronary Artery Disease Among Postmenopausal Women with Acute Coronary Syndromes

BackgroundEpidemiological studies have shown a higher risk of cardiovascular mortality associated with early menopause, but the relation between menopausal age and extent of coronary artery disease after menopause is unknown. We assessed the relation between menopausal age and extent of coronary disease in postmenopausal women with an acute coronary syndrome. MethodsA prospective study was conducted in patients ≥55 years old undergoing coronary angiography for an acute coronary syndrome. Enrollment was stratified by sex (women/men ratio 2:1) and age (55-64, 65-74, 75-85, and >85 years). Women were administered menopause questionnaires during admission. An independent core lab quantified coronary artery disease extent using the Gensini Score, which classifies both significant (>50%) and nonsignificant lesions. Linear correlation was used to appraise the association between the Gensini score and menopausal age. ResultsWe enrolled 675 patients, 249 men and 426 women (mean age 74 years). The mean Gensini score was 60 ± 36 in men vs 50 ± 32 in women (P <.001), being higher among men at any age. The median menopausal age of women was 50 years. Risk factors and age at first acute coronary syndrome were identical among women below and above the median menopausal age. The Gensini score in women showed a weak association with age (R = 0.127; P = .0129), but not with menopausal age (R = 0.063; P = .228). At multivariable analysis, ejection fraction, female sex, and ST elevation myocardial infarction were independent predictors of the Gensini score in the overall population. ConclusionsMenopausal age was not associated with the extent of coronary artery disease. Age at first acute coronary syndrome presentation, risk factors, and prior cardiovascular events were not affected by menopausal age. (The LADIES ACS study: NCT01997307).

Superficial Mycoses in Menopausal Age Women: 21 years' Experience

Background: Menopause is the permanent and irreversible absence of menstruation for at least a year. Usually, it is accompanied by typical physical and mental symptoms. Although, infections during menopause have been extensively documented, there is a lack of information regarding superficial mycoses. Objective: Our objective was to determine the frequency of superficial mycoses in menopausal age women. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of menopausal age patients seen at the Mycology section in a single medical institution in Mexico City from 1994 to 2014. Clinical, epidemiological, and mycological data were reviewed. Results: There were 881 patients studied and 811 cases were confirmed by a mycological test. Diagnoses in menopausal age women included onychomycosis (84.5%), tinea pedis (25.6%), candidiasis (7.8%), and tinea corporis (4.3%). The most common presentations of onychomycosis were distal and lateral subungueal (29.7%) and total dystrophic (32.2%). In 36.7% the diagnosis was simply “onychomycosis”. The most common etiologic agents in onychomycosis were Trichophyton rubrum (39.8%) and Candida spp. (45.3%). The most common etiologic agent in tinea corporis and pedis was T. rubrum. The types of candidiasis were interdigital (29.6%), oral (45.3%), and intertrigo (17.1%). The most common isolates were Candida spp. (55.5%) and C. albicans (29.6%).

Twelve-week exercise training and the quality of life in menopausal women - clinical trial.

IntroductionThe menopause transition is associated with decreased health functioning. About 80-90% of women experience mild to severe physical or physiological menopause-related complaints per year when approaching menopause. Physical activity may reduce some climacteric symptoms and improve the quality of life.Aim of the studyAim of the study was to investigate the influence of a 12-week training programme on the quality of life (QoL) in menopausal-aged women living in a rural area.Material and methodsParticipants were 80 women aged 40-65 years and divided into two randomly selected groups in training sessions (exercising group, n = 40 and control group, n = 40). SF36 was used to assess the quality of life in both groups before and after 12 weeks. Exercising women participated in training session 3 times a week. Each 60-minute exercise session included warming-up exercises, walking, stretching, strengthening exercises with an elastic band and cooling down exercises.ResultsA non-significant positive difference in all SF36 domains in the exercising group was observed. The results of the study showed a statistically significant higher QoL in the exercising group compared to the control group after 12-week training in two domains: vitality and mental health. The improvement in the quality of life in the study group was 0.19 points (role limits – physical domain, least change) and 4.96 (vitality domain, most change).ConclusionsControlled and regular exercise for 12 weeks was significantly correlated with a positive change in vitality and mental health. Sedentary women should consider modification of their lifestyle to include physical activity as it leads to improvement of their quality of life.

The effect of urinary incontinence on sexual functioning in turkish women of reproductive and menopausal ages

ABSTRACTObjectives: The primary objective was to investigate the effects of urinary incontinence (UI) on Turkish women's sexual functioning. Methods: We evaluated 396 women and divided them into 4 groups: reproductive-aged women without UI (Group A), reproductive-aged women with UI (Group B), menopausal-aged women without UI (Group C), and menopausal-aged women with UI (Group D). Results: The mean Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) score was significantly higher and the Beck's Depression Inventory scores were significantly lower in Group A. FSFI scores showed a strong negative correlation with age and parity and a strong positive correlation with years of education. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that UI is an independent risk factor for female sexual problems.

Diagnostics of Cognitive Function in Women of Menopausal Period at Level of Primary Health Care.

IntroductionIn the medical community, there is no consensus on whether or not climacteric changes are pathologic and require treatment. One of the main problems related to menopause is misperception of menopause; consequently, there is no consensus on treatments for psychological dysfunction and cognitive deficits in menopausal women. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment of psychological disorders and cognitive dysfunction are imperative and complicated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physician perceptions of cognitive and psychological deficits in menopausal women in outpatient settings.Methods215 obstetricians-gynecologists working in out-patient services were surveyed using a multiple choice questionnaire assessing perceptions and knowledge of menopausal transition.ResultsOf total respondents, 42.0% ± 2.5 of physicians found it hard to define menopausal period, and 67.5% ± 3.2 could not give a clear definition of hormone replacement therapy. On the question “cognitive function includes…,” 62.5% ± 2.1 of physicians selected “memory,” 32.3% ± 1.8 selected attention, 77.5% ± 3.2 selected mood and/or imagination, 37.4% selected intellect, 36.3% ± 3.1 of respondents selected character traits, and 6.2% ± 1.7 selected speech. Regarding the question “how do you study memory status function?” it was estimated that 71.2% ± 2.5 of study participants have studied the memory only on the basis of subjective complaints, and none of the respondents (100%) have ever used neuropsychological tests.ConclusionThe survey allows us to ascertain that primary medical care services lack the ability to appropriately recognize and diagnose cognitive deficits in women of menopausal age. Based on these data, we can assume that proper mental care is not provided. Thus, the study indicates a need to create training programs for general practitioners and other specialists (cardiologists, neurologists, and endocrinologists) to fulfill this need. Implementation of a standard of care, testing, and treatment of cognitive and psychological function, such as the use of neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, in an out-patient setting for menopausal women would improve the quality of life during a woman’s transition period.

The Comparison of Ovarian Reserve After Uterine Artery Embolization and Hysterectomy for Uterine Fibroma

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the ovarian reserve before and after uterine artery embolization and hysterectomy for uterine fibroma treatment. Methods: After obtaining the approval of the Ethics Committee of Kermanshah Medical University, this study was carried out in Imam Reza Hospital. Between March 2011 and May 2013, 66 women who suffered from symptomatic fibroma were studied. Hysterectomy with retained ovaries was done on 33 patients and uterine artery embolization (UAE) was done on the other 33 patients. The levels of hemoglobin (Hb), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and ovarian follicle size before and 6 months after the operation was measured. Vaginal bleeding, reintervention, hot flash and cost in both procedures were studied. Results: No significant difference was observed after 6 months between the two groups (P = 0.356). In each group one case with FSH above 10 IU/L was observed. The existence of dominant follicle and the size of it was the same in the two groups (P = 0.390). But the level of Hb was higher in women under embolization 6 months after intervention (P = 0.001). The average level of pain after hysterectomy was higher than embolization. The cost of embolization was 12 times higher than hysterectomy. Conclusion: This study indicated that UAE in young women had no impact on the ovarian reserve and did not increase the level of FSH. Long term studies regarding reproductive assessment and menopausal age in women with history of UEA are necessary. J Clin Gynecol Obstet. 2014;3(2):62-67 doi: http: //dx.doi.o rg/10.14740/jcgo239 w

Comparison of interactive voice response, patient mailing, and mailed registry to encourage screening for osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial

Guidelines recommend screening for osteoporosis with bone mineral density (BMD) testing in menopausal women, particularly those with additional risk factors for fracture. Many eligible women remain unscreened. This randomized study demonstrates that a single outreach interactive voice response phone call improves rates of BMD screening among high-risk women age 50-64. Osteoporotic fractures are a major cause of disability and mortality. Guidelines recommend screening with BMD for menopausal women, particularly those with additional risk factors for fracture. However, many women remain unscreened. We examined whether telephonic interactive voice response (IVR) or patient mailing could increase rates of BMD testing in high risk, menopausal women. We studied 4,685 women age 50-64 years within a not-for-profit health plan in the United States. All women had risk factors for developing osteoporosis and no prior BMD testing or treatment for osteoporosis. Patients were randomly allocated to usual care, usual care plus IVR, or usual care plus mailed educational materials. To avoid contamination, patients within a single primary care physician practice were randomized to receive the same intervention. The primary endpoint was BMD testing at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included BMD testing at 6 months and medication use at 12 months. Mean age was 57 years. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were similar across the three study groups. In adjusted analyses, the incidence of BMD screening was 24.6% in the IVR group compared with 18.6% in the usual care group (P < 0.001). There was no difference between the patient mailing group and the usual care group (P = 0.3). In this large community-based randomized trial of high risk, menopausal women age 50-64, IVR, but not patient mailing, improved rates of BMD screening. IVR remains a viable strategy to incorporate in population screening interventions.

Physical activity and cardiovascular risk factors at menopause: The Nord-Trøndelag health study

Background Lowered physical activity levels may partially explain changes in metabolic risk factors in women after menopause.Objectives To evaluate the association between physical activity and metabolic risk factors at baseline and after 11 years, as well as the change in that association over time in women who were premenopausal and ≥ 40 years at baseline.Methods Subjects in a Norwegian population-based health survey answered questionnaires and had body and serum measurements during 1995–1997 (HUNT 2) and in a follow-up study during 2006–2008 (HUNT 3). Repeated-measures analyses were used to estimate the association between physical activity and metabolic factors, adjusting for age, smoking status, education, alcohol intake, and parity. Adjustment for hormonal treatment and medication was made, as appropriate.Results In women remaining premenopausal, a higher physical activity score in HUNT 3 was associated with lower weight (p < 0.01) and waist–hip ratio (p < 0.01) and higher high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in HUNT 3 (p < 0.01). In women that were postmenopausal by the time of follow-up, a higher physical activity score in HUNT 3 was associated with lower weight (p < 0.01), waist–hip ratio (p < 0.01), triglycerides (p < 0.01), and higher total cholesterol (p < 0.05), HDL cholesterol (p < 0.01), and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.05) in HUNT 3. The association of total physical activity score with weight and waist–hip ratio was stronger in HUNT 3 than in HUNT 2 (p < 0.01).Conclusion Increased physical activity may reduce the risk of adverse outcomes and use of pharmacological management in women of menopausal age.

O-009 Younger age of menopause in women with cerebral aneurysms

BackgroundThe incidence of subarachnoid hemorrhage in women surges following menopause. Estrogen fluctuations have been implicated in cerebral aneurysm formation, growth and rupture and is thought to explain the well known...