Low-educated Women Research Articles

Rising prevalence, and improved but suboptimal management, of hypertension in South Africa: A comparison of two national surveys

AimTo examine the changes in prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension between 1998 and 2016 in ≥15-year-old South African men and women and the sociodemographic characteristics associated with those changes. MethodsIn nationally representative surveys in 1998 and 2016, multi-stage sampling was used to select, interview and collect blood pressure and anthropometric measurements in ≥15-year-old adults. Logistic regression analyses evaluated the independent effects of selected sociodemographic characteristics on hypertension management. ResultsAmong 13,217 participants in 1998 and 7830 in 2016 (59–60% women in both surveys), hypertension prevalence increased from 27% to 45% in men and 31% to 48% in women. Hypertension increased equally in participants with and without obesity and in daily cigarette smokers vs. their counterparts. Prevalence of awareness among participants with hypertension increased from 7% to 18% (men) and from 17% to 29% (women). Among those aware, hypertension treatment improved markedly from 8% to 85% (men) and from 12% to 82% (women). Hypertension control among those on treatment increased from 17% to 26% (men) and from 21% to 30% (women). Increasing age and survey year were consistently associated with higher prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. The richest vs. poorer women, and lower vs. higher educated women were more likely to be treated for hypertension. ConclusionsThe high and rising hypertension burden together with suboptimal awareness and control levels warrant greater attention to curb hypertension-related morbidity and mortality in South Africans. Novel strategies involving community-based or workplace hypertension programmes may overcome some barriers to optimal care.

Female long-term labour market outcomes: the role of early-life abilities and education

ABSTRACT We study how early-life cognitive skills, non-cognitive abilities, and family characteristics influence educational choices and affect later employment outcomes and wages. The analysis was carried out on a cohort of UK females observed at different life stages by adopting the British National Child Development Study database. Our findings provide evidence of how early-life abilities and family characteristics affect both the educational attainment and later labour market outcomes of female workers. However, we found that educational levels interact with early-life abilities, productive characteristics in general, and other characteristics, giving rise to different employment outcomes and income prospects conditioned on educational attainment. Occupational outcomes and wages of low-educated women are more sensitive to factors that are not strictly linked to productivity.

Improved Water, Sanitation and Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Services in South Asia-An Analysis of Demographic Health Surveys.

Globally, many millions of people still lack access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities. Here, we examined associations between household availability of improved drinking water and sanitation, respectively, and use of maternal and child health (MCH) services in South Asian countries. Demographic and Health Survey population-based data from Bangladesh, Nepal, India, and Pakistan were used, restricted to women with a child aged 0–36 months (n = 145,262). Types of households’ water source and sanitation facilities were categorized based on the World Health Organization and UNICEF’s definitions of “improved” and “unimproved”. We applied logistic regressions to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for improved water and sanitation, respectively, and reported antenatal care visits, having a skilled attendant at birth, and infant vaccination coverage, stratified by maternal education. Among lower educated women, access to improved water source was associated with greater ORs for presence of a skilled attendant at delivery and their children having up-to-date immunizations (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.42). Among lower and higher educated women, improved sanitation (vs. unimproved) was associated with greater ORs for having had adequate antenatal care visits (OR: 1.74; 95% CI: 1.62, 1.88; OR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.62, 1.80), and similarly for having had a skilled attendant at birth, and children with up-to-date immunizations. Approaches addressing water/sanitation and MCH services across sectors could be a suggested public health strategy.

Influence of Alternative Lifestyles on Antibiotic Use during Pregnancy, Lactation and in Children.

Alternative lifestyles are likely to be associated with distinct usage of specific medicinal products. Our goal was to find out whether the intake of antibiotics during pregnancy and by children differs according to whether the mothers have alternative or conventional lifestyles. Therefore, we investigated the use of antibiotics by pregnant women and by children up to 11 years of age participating in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study. This cohort comprises two recruitment groups of mother–infant pairs, one with alternative lifestyles (selected via organic food shops, anthroposophic clinicians and midwives, anthroposophic under-five clinics, Rudolf Steiner schools and relevant magazines, n = 491) the other with conventional lifestyles (no selection based on lifestyle, n = 2343). Mothers in the alternative lifestyle group more frequently adhered to specific living rules and identified themselves with anthroposophy more than mothers in the conventional lifestyle group. The results revealed significant differences in antibiotic use during pregnancy and in children from 3 months to 10 years of age between the two groups. The rate of antibiotic use in children was consistently lower in the alternative lifestyle group than in the conventional lifestyle group. Antibiotic use in pregnancy was higher in low educated women, and maternal antibiotic use during lactation was higher after an instrumented delivery in hospital. Antibiotic use in the infant was higher when they had older sibs or were born in hospital, and lower in those who had been longer breastfed. After adjustment for these factors, the differences in antibiotic use between the alternative and conventional groups remained. The results suggest that an alternative lifestyle is associated with cautious antibiotic use during pregnancy, lactation and in children.

Inequality of educational opportunity at time of schooling predicts cognitive functioning in later adulthood

ObjectivesOur understanding of how societal conditions and educational policies influence cognitive development across the life course is improving. We tested the extent to which inequality of educational opportunity (IEO), the country- and cohort-specific correlation of parents' and their offspring's length of schooling, offers systematically different opportunities to contribute to cognitive development, which in turn influences cognitive abilities up to older ages. MethodsA total of 46,972 individuals of three cohorts born 1940–63 from 16 European countries and Israel provided up to six cognitive assessments and information on covariates in the SHARE survey 2004–2017. Individual-level data were linked to indicators of IEO at time of schooling, and economic, health, and human development, provided by World Bank, WHO, and the UN. ResultsIn multilevel (mixed-effects) models with random individual and country-cohort effects and adjusted for a large set of confounders, higher IEO was associated with lower levels of cognitive functioning in men and women. Interaction analyses suggested lower cognitive levels particularly of women who were schooled in higher IEO contexts and had lower educational attainment. Associations with rate of change in cognitive functioning were present only in women, however there was little clinically relevant cognitive decline across the window of observation. Result patterns were mostly consistent after including additional contextual indicators, and in a subsample with childhood information. DiscussionFindings suggest that IEO is able to substantially influence cognitive development with long-lasting impacts. Lower-educated women of the cohorts under investigation may have been particularly vulnerable to high-inequality educational contexts.

The Effects of Refundable and Nonrefundable State Earned Income Tax Credit Programs on Health of Mothers of Two or More Children

More than one-half of U.S. states have enacted Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) programs. Yet little is known about the effects of state EITC programs on the health of recipients. This study examines the effects of refundable and nonrefundable state EITC programs on the health of single low-educated women of childbearing age with two or more children, the group receiving the highest credits on average. The data come from the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance Survey from 1993 through 2018. Outcomes include self-rated general health, days not in good physical health, and days not in good mental health, both in the past 30days. The research design accounts for time-invariant differences between states, national trends shared across states, and other state policies. Depending on the outcome measure, the analytical sample ranges between 103,362 and 107,782 mothers. Refundable state EITC programs are associated with improvements in all three health outcomes. A 10 percentage-point increase in refundable state EITC is associated with better self-rated health by 0.02 points (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.006-0.04) on a 1- to 5-point scale, or 0.7% improvement above the sample mean; 0.2 fewer days not in good physical health (95% CI, -0.21 to -0.12) in the past 30days, or 4.4% lower than the sample mean; and 0.2 fewer days not in good mental health (95% CI, -0.29 to -0.1), or 3.4% lower than the sample mean. Estimates for nonrefundable EITC programs are smaller and not statistically significant. As expected, there are small and statistically insignificant refundable EITC effects for single low-educated childless women who receive low state EITC benefits on average. These findings suggest that an increase in refundable state EITC improves the health of single women of childbearing age with low incomes and two or more children; this factor may also lead to better preconception health. There is no evidence for effects from nonrefundable state EITC.

PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN KAIN PERCA SEBAGAI AKSESORIS MELALUI MEDIA YOUTUBE DI LSM BENING SAGULING

AbstractThis research is motivated bye the large amount of spare time owned by housewives ehich has not been used optimally, but this free time is used to play smartphones. The purpose of this research is to describe in more detail about women's empowerment through training on the use of patchwork as accessories through Youtube media in Bening Saguling. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, which is the subject of this study, one training Instructor and 10 housewives. While the data collection technique is by means of observation, interview and documentation. The result of this training is to provide patchwork skills for low-educated women, providing a skill that can be of personal use and of sale value. The benefits of this activity are that the work can be sold so that it is expected to be able to improve the standard of living of the community and fill women's spare time with more useful activities.

Persistence of Multimorbidity Among Women Aged 15-49Years in India: An Analysis of Prevalence, Patterns and Correlation.

Objectives: The present study has examined the patterns and possible correlates of coexisting morbidities among women aged 15–49 years based on biomarker measurement data at the national level in India. Methods: National Family Health Survey conducted during 2015–16 used in the present study. Simple disease count approach was used to calculate the multimorbidity among women. Multinomial logistic regression was applied to analyze the predictors of multimorbidity among women. Results: Almost 30% of the women had any of the selected morbidity and 9% of them had two or more morbidities. Hypertension and overweight combination (3%) was the most prevalent among women. The risk of having two or more morbidities was predominantly high among women aged above 30 years, low educated women, women from the wealthier group, ever-married women and women who were consuming tobacco as compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: From the policy perspective, the identification of groups of women vulnerable to multimorbidity will help in the selection of programmatic focus and preventive public health intervention in adult phase to reduce the multimorbidity burden among women in old ages.

Is a ‘culture of plus-size women’ the independent effect of neighborhood disadvantage on female BMI? A cross-sectional study in two Chilean Municipalities

Research has shown that neighborhood disadvantage has an effect on BMI that is independent of individual disadvantage, much more pronounced in women than in men. The mechanisms that explain this gender-specific effect are not yet clear. Since women's body size dissatisfaction is closely linked to gender differences in BMI inequalities, the independent effect of neighborhood disadvantage on female BMI may relate to a local culture of acceptance of female large bodies, that could influence women's parameters for body size dissatisfaction. This study explored how the relation between female BMI, neighborhood income, individual income and education is influenced by body size dissatisfaction in a random sample of 882 women aged 20–60 that reside in two Chilean Municipalities. Data have a two level structure (women nested in 17 neighborhoods); it was collected by direct survey, height and weight were measured with portable instruments. Disadvantaged neighborhoods house mainly poor and low educated women, whereas the wealthier ones were inhabited mostly by affluent women with postsecondary education. The proportion of women without a husband/partner and with more than three children in disadvantaged neighborhoods was higher than better off areas. Multilevel linear regression showed that neighborhood disadvantage had an effect on female BMI that was independent of women's income and education, which was explained by body size dissatisfaction. The mean BMI for body size satisfaction among women in disadvantaged neighborhoods was 2 kg/m2 higher than in affluent areas, which suggests that a ‘culture of plus-size women’ would emerge in urban clusters of poverty. The findings signal that neighborhood effects on BMI would relate to the socioeconomic polarization of urban areas, with marked concentrations of poverty and wealth, and might be explained by the psychosocial pathways associated to social disadvantage that act in addition to the effects of material conditions to influence people's health.

The role of sex and gender in the selection of Alzheimer patients for clinical trial pre-screening

BackgroundAlzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting the elderly with a prevalence of 7.1% in women and 3.3% in men. Sex-related patterns have been reported in prognosis, biomarker status, and risk factors. Despite this, the interaction of sex has received limited attention, with AD trials persistently recruiting lower numbers of women than the population distribution and a lack of information on the sex-disaggregated effects of anti-dementia therapies. This is the first study aiming to identify the role of sex in the selection for screening in AD clinical trials.MethodsThis cross-sectional study provides a comprehensive analysis of screening eligibility according to a set of pre-selection criteria currently applied at Fundació ACE memory clinic for a more efficient trial screening process. A cohort of 6667 women and 2926 men diagnosed with AD dementia (55%) or mild cognitive impairment (45%) was analyzed. We also assessed the frequencies of men and women effectively screened for trial enrolment over a period of 10 years. Additionally, data from AddNeuroMed study was used to explore trends in eligibility based on the education criteria.ResultsWomen showed a significantly lower chance of being eligible for screening than men (OR = 1.26; p < 0.01). This imbalance was confirmed by a lower frequency of women screened for enrolment compared to the study population (63.0% vs. 69.5%). Education was revealed as the key criterion contributing to this unbalance, with men showing over twice the chance of being screened compared with women (OR = 2.25, p < 0.01). Education-based differences were greater in earlier born patients, but the gap narrowed and achieved balance with increasing year of birth. This observation was replicated using data from other European populations included in AddNeuroMed study. Comorbidity was the most limiting criterion with sex differences in frequencies and significant discrimination against the selection of men (OR = 0.86, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe large number of low-educated elderly women with AD demands for a sex-focused approach in clinical research. New assessment tools insensitive to education level should be developed to enable a proportional representation of women. Although this gender education gap is mostly inexistent in developed countries, economic or cultural factors may lead to different scenarios in other regions. Overlooking the impact of sex may lead to a handicap in AD research with a direct adverse impact on women’s health.

Evaluating Intersectionality of Policies and Populations

* Abbreviations: e-cigarette — : electronic cigarette T21 — : tobacco 21 Although policies and populations do not occur in isolation, researchers often investigate them as if they do. When variables are one-dimensional (ex, race-ethnicity, rural-urban), statistical models produce outputs that do not represent the real world. Uncovering and addressing health disparities necessitates an approach that captures the complexity of population health.1 Intersectionality embraces the overlap of identities, social positions, and social policies.2 We used this approach when evaluating tobacco control policies related to prenatal smoking and found a significant interaction between women’s race and ethnicity, education, and cigarette taxes. Low-educated white and Black women had the highest prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and were the most responsive to taxes, which in turn, improved birth outcomes.3 Examining the effects by women’s race and ethnicity or, separately, education would not have produced the same conclusions. An underresearched disparity in tobacco control is geographic differences within state boundaries. Adolescents in rural areas have higher levels of tobacco use4–6 and are covered by less comprehensive tobacco control policies.5–7 In this issue of Pediatrics , Dai et al8 examine rural-urban differences in the effect … Address correspondence to Summer Sherburne Hawkins, PhD, MS, McGuinn Hall, School of Social Work, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467. E-mail: summer.hawkins{at}bc.edu

The Uneven Later Work Course: Intersectional Gender, Age, Race, and Class Disparities.

Later adult work attachments and exits are in flux, suggesting the need for understanding both the range of contemporary population-level pathways of work and nonwork and variations by overlapping social locations. We document patterned continuity and change in monthly work attachments and analyze the intersecting effects of age, gender, education, and race/ethnicity. We capitalize on massive microlevel 16-month panel data from the Current Population Survey from 2008 through 2016 to empirically identify patterned pathways of monthly states: working full-time, long hours, part-time; being self-employed or unemployed; not working because of a disability, due to family care or other reasons, or because one defines oneself as retired. Analyses of 346,488 American women and men aged 50-75 years reveal patterned elasticity in the timing and nature of work attachments in the form of six distinctive pathways. Our intersectional analyses illustrate divergences and disparities: advantages for educated White men, disadvantages for low-educated Black men and women through their early 60s, and intersecting effects of gender, education, and race/ethnicity during the later work course across age groups. We find convergence across social markers by the 70s. This research highlights the importance of intersectional analysis, recasting the gendered work course in later adulthood into a framework of even greater complexities within mutually shaping categories of race/ethnicity, class, and age. Older Americans experience patterned, uneven pathways around work and nonwork. We recommend additional scholarship on the dynamics of constrained and disparate choices unfolding across multiple intersecting social locations.

Smoking and inequalities in mortality in 11 European countries: a birth cohort analysis

PurposeTo study the trends of smoking-attributable mortality among the low and high educated in consecutive birth cohorts in 11 European countries.MethodsRegister-based mortality data were collected among adults aged 30 to 79 years in 11 European countries between 1971 and 2012. Smoking-attributable deaths were estimated indirectly from lung cancer mortality rates using the Preston-Glei-Wilmoth method. Rate ratios and rate differences among the low and high-educated were estimated and used to estimate the contribution of inequality in smoking-attributable mortality to inequality in total mortality.ResultsIn most countries, smoking-attributable mortality decreased in consecutive birth cohorts born between 1906 and 1961 among low- and high-educated men and high-educated women, but not among low-educated women among whom it increased. Relative educational inequalities in smoking-attributable mortality increased among both men and women with no signs of turning points. Absolute inequalities were stable among men but slightly increased among women. The contribution of inequality in smoking-attributable mortality to inequality in total mortality decreased in consecutive generations among men but increased among women.ConclusionsSmoking might become less important as a driver of inequalities in total mortality among men in the future. However, among women, smoking threatens to further widen inequalities in total mortality.

How does she do it all? Effects of education on reconciliation of employment and informal caregiving among Austrian women

AbstractThe introduction of reforms to the Austrian pension system in the early 2000s resulted in a significant increase in the employment rate of older working age women. This increase was highly differentiated along education groups, with increases in employment rates concentrated among those with secondary and tertiary education. Logistic regression analysis is applied to SHARE data from waves 1 and 6, to determine whether the increase in labour market participation of women aged 50+ in Austria has affected informal caregiving across education lines. Unlike their secondary and tertiary educated counterparts, lower educated women were more likely to provide high intensity care in 2015 than in 2004, resulting in an education gradient that was not present before. In comparison, the overall probability to provide care has not changed significantly, irrespective of older women's education. Other possible adjustments were also explored, such as decreased participation in social activities or higher care burden. There is also limited evidence of compensation by increased informal care provision among men. Both employment and informal care provision have become more segmented in Austria in the wake of the pension reforms of 2004.

PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN KAIN PERCA SEBAGAI AKSESORIS MELALUI MEDIA YOUTUBE DI BENING SAGULING

The Bening Saguling is located on Jl. Babakan Cianjur, Kec. Cihampelas, Kab. West Bandung. Most of the people are housewives who do not work, with varying degrees of education, but most of them are junior and senior high school graduates. This is due to limited funds to continue to higher school levels, besides that there are other factors, namely the social structure factor that urges women to marry immediately at a young age which provides a great opportunity for women to become unproductive and only fully depend on their husbands who work as laborers. in a big city. The Bening Saguling NGO is a forum for the surrounding community to get training so that the community is able to improve the quality of life at large while still adhering to environmental preservation. The purpose of this research is to describe in more detail about women's empowerment through training on the use of patchwork as accessories through Youtube media in Bening Saguling. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, which is the subject of this study, namely one training manager and 10 housewives. While the data collection technique is by means of observation, interview and documentation. The result of this training is to provide patchwork skills for low-educated women, providing a skill that can be of personal use and of sale value. The benefits of this activity are that the work can be sold so that it is expected to be able to improve the standard of living of the community and fill women's spare time with more useful activities.

Contraception use and family planning inequalities among Brazilian women.

Brazil has shown a considerable decline in fertility rates in recent decades. However, sociodemographic differences still have a direct impact on access to family planning in the country. To estimate the prevalence of contraceptive use according to sociodemographic variables among Brazilian women in reproductive age. A cross-sectional study conducted with 17,809 women who have responded to the National Health Survey. We estimated the prevalence as well as the 95% confidence intervals and we used Pearson's chi-square test at a significance level of 5% to analyze differences between groups. More than 80% of the women reported to use some contraception method, the most used method was oral contraceptive (34.2%), followed by surgical (25.9%) and condoms (14.5%). Black/Brown, northerly, and low-educated women are more frequently sterilized, while white women, with higher schooling and those living in the south and southeast are the ones who use oral contraception and double protection the most. Despite the observed improvements, there was no decrease in the prevalence for not using any CM and there are inequalities in access to contraception in the country.

Fetal and infant mortality trends according to the avoidability of causes of death and maternal education.

To estimate trends of fetal (FMR) and neonatal (NMR) mortality rates due to avoidable causes and maternal education in the city of Rio de Janeiro (2000-2018). Ecological time series study. Mortality and Live Birth Information System Data. The List of Avoidable Causes of Death Due to Interventions of the Brazilian Health System was used for neonatal deaths and an adaptation for fetal deaths, according to maternal education indicators (low <4 and high ≥12, years of study). Joinpoint regression models were used to estimate trends in FMR, based on one thousand births, and NMR, based on one thousand live births. FMR decreased from 11.0 to 9.3% and NMR from 11.3 to 7.8% (2000/2018). In 2006, FMR (10.5%) exceeded NMR (9.0%), remaining higher. From 2000 to 2018, the annual decrease of FMR was 0.8% (2000 to 2018) and of NMR, 3.8% until 2007, decreasing to 1.1% by 2011; from then on, it remained stable. Avoidable causes, especially those reducible by adequate prenatal care, showed higher rates. Both FMR and NMR for low-education women were higher than those for the high-education level, the difference being much more pronounced for FMR, and at the end of the period: low- and high-education FMR were respectively 16.4 and 4.5% (2000) and 48.5 and 3.9% (2018), and for NMR, 18.2 and 6.7% (2000) and 28.4 and 5.0% (2018). The favorable trend of decreasing mortality was not observed for children of mothers with low education, revealing inequalities. The causes were mostly avoidable, being related to prenatal care and childbirth.

Later-Life Health Disparities in Nepal: Intersection of Gender and Socioeconomic Status

This study focuses on Nepal, a country still undergoing capitalist expansion, to examine intersectional effects of fundamental causes on later life health outcomes. Sandwiched between the republic of China and India, Nepal still has remnants of pre-capitalist social and economic formations. Despite growing focus on independent effects of SES and gender on health, the intersectional influences of such fundamental causes on later life health in Nepal has, however, been largely unexplored. Drawing from the World Health Survey (WHS) survey data (n=2,250 aged 50 years and older), we rely on negative binomial regression models to examine whether the effect of education and household wealth on chronic diseases and functional limitations differs between men and women. Findings indicate intersectional effects of gender, wealth, and education on health. Women do not incur health benefits from education and wealth. Statistically significant negative effect of education on functional limitations (OR=0.87, p<0.01) was documented only for men. Contrary to our theoretical expectations, we observed significantly higher count of chronic diseases among women (OR=1.13, p<0.01) with higher levels of education relative to lower educated women. Similarly, men in higher wealth quintiles reported significantly higher count of chronic diseases (OR=1.05, p<0.01) than their counterparts in lower wealth quintiles. Our study paves a way for future research on a range of structural mechanisms such as gendered labor market, patriarchal cultural expectations, and inequities in health care that could mediate intersectional effects of gender and education on later life health disparities in the Global South.

Economic fluctuations and urban-rural differences in educational inequalities in mortality in the Baltic countries and Finland in 2000\u20132015: a register-based study

We examined urban-rural differences in educational inequalities in mortality in the Baltic countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) and Finland in the context of macroeconomic changes. Educational inequalities among 30–74 year olds were examined in 2000–2003, 2004–2007, 2008–2011 and 2012–2015 using census-linked longitudinal mortality data. We estimated age-standardized mortality rates and the relative and slope index of inequality. Overall mortality rates were larger in rural areas except among Finnish women. Relative educational inequalities in mortality were often larger in urban areas among men but in rural areas among women. Absolute inequalities were mostly larger in rural areas excepting Finnish men. Between 2000–2003 and 2012–2015 relative inequalities increased in most countries while absolute inequalities decreased except in Lithuania. In the Baltic countries the changes in both relative and absolute inequalities tended to be more favorable in urban areas; in Finland they were more favorable in rural areas. The overall pattern changed during the reccessionary period from 2004–2007 to 2008–2011 when relative inequalities often diminished or the increase slowed, while the decrease in absolute inequalities accelerated with larger improvements observed in urban areas. Despite substantial progress in reducing overall mortality rates in both urban and rural areas in all countries, low educated men and women in rural areas in the Baltic countries are becoming increasingly disadvantaged in terms of mortality reduction.

Self-Immolation among Women in Iran: A Narrative Review

Context: Self-immolation is defined as ending life by suicide, particularly through burning, which carries considerable morbidity and mortality. Although its prevalence is low in developed countries, in developing countries, it’s an important problem. Evidence Acquisition: We systematically searched studies published in international and local databases on self-immolation in Iran (either in English or Persian) to identify relevant studies from the time of inception of databases to June 2017. Here, we presented the data regarding the prevalence and factors associated with self-immolation among Iranian women. Results: Sixteen studies were included in this review. In Iran, according to the reports of the forensic organization on deaths by suicide, from 2006 to 2010, 16.4% of the committed suicide were via self-immolation. It is more common in females than males, particularly among young, married, and low educated women. Self-immolation is more common in the north and west of Iran. The most prevalent causes of self-immolation are reported as domestic violence and other stressful events such as family conflicts, intimate relationship break-ups, divorce, and financial difficulties. Conclusions: The prevalence of self-immolation is relatively high among young and middle-aged Iranian women. There are socio-cultural factors that might contribute to this issue. Preventive measures should be strengthened, particularly for young and middle-aged women, to address this problem.