Women Of Fertile Age Research Articles

Clinical and statistical assessment of the reproductive health of fertilized women in the Tyumen region and the risks of miscarriage in Western Siberia

Introduction. Loss of pregnancy remains an extremely acute public health problem today. Live birth accounts for only 30% of gestational outcomes, all other pregnancies that occur end in reproductive losses: 30% – implantation, 30% – postimplantation, 10% – spontaneous miscarriages. In conditions of declining birth rates, reducing reproductive losses is the most important element of the state’s demographic policy.Аim. Тo assess the reproductive health of women of fertile age in the Tyumen region, registered in antenatal clinics and other medical institutions in connection with pregnancy, as well as the risks associated with an increase in the frequency of diseases endemic for the West Siberian region.Materials and methods. The study used data from federal statistical observation. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the statistical program Statistica (version 13.0). Quantitative features are described by absolute and relative (percent) indicators. The difference is considered significant at p < 0.05. Results. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. The incidence of HIV and hepatitis C among pregnant women for five years and for each of the given nosologies exceeds 1% of the number of patients admitted under the supervision of health care facilities. At the same time, since 2018, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy associated with HIV has significantly increased (p >< 000.1). These data also indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected pregnant women (p >< 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control. Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. >< 0.05.Results. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. The incidence of HIV and hepatitis C among pregnant women for five years and for each of the given nosologies exceeds 1% of the number of patients admitted under the supervision of health care facilities. At the same time, since 2018, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy associated with HIV has significantly increased (p < 000.1). These data also indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected pregnant women (p >< 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control. Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. >< 000.1). These data also indicate an increased risk of spontaneous abortion in HIV-infected pregnant women (p < 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control. Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate. >< 000.1). From 2016 to 2019, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of ectopic pregnancies and spontaneous abortion in primary pregnant women. The situation has improved somewhat in 2020. Noteworthy is the high share of medical abortion in birth control.Сonclusions. Despite the increase in the number of women of reproductive age, fertility rates are declining both in the Tyumen region and in the Ural Federal District, as well as in Russia as a whole. The 5-year dynamics of registered pregnancies in the Tyumen region correlates with the dynamics of the birth rate.

Prevalence and determinants of ectopic pregnancy in Ethiopia: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening obstetric emergency, and is a major health problem for women of fertile age. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the prevalence, determinant factors, and outcomes of ectopic pregnancy among fertile age women in Ethiopia. Method: International databases (MEDLINE/Pub Med, Hinari, Scopus, Google scholar, African journals, and literatures were searched and nine eligible cross sectional and two case control studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Eggers test and funnel plot were computed to check publication bias across the studies. Publication bias was computed using a funnel plot and eggers test. Heterogeneity of the studies was checked using Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistic. Results: The pooled prevalence of ectopic pregnancy in Ethiopia was 3.61% (95%CI: 2.24–4.98, I2 = 89.2.0%, p < 0.001). Having cesarean section scar (AOR = 7.44, 95%CI: 5.48–10.09), single marital status (AOR = 5.71, 95%CI: 4.76–6.85), history of sexually transmitted infection (AOR = 4.68, 95%CI: 3.04–7.19), history of abortion (AOR = 3.89, 95%CI: 3.35–4.52), history of ectopic pregnancy (AOR = 5.74, 95%CI: 3.81–8.65), and emergency contraceptive use (AOR = 8.72, 95%CI: 2.90–26.20) were the determinant factors for the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that the prevalence of ectopic pregnancy was high in Ethiopia. Thus, educating women to limit the number of sexual partners, smoking cessation, using a condom during sex helps prevent sexually transmitted infections and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease is crucial.

The Relationship Between Educational Level of Fertile Age Women and Contraception Knowledge to Prevent the Unwanted Pregnancy in the COVID-19 Pandemic Era

<p>Indonesia has the potential for a baby boom after the COVID-19 pandemic. The cause of this issue is the decline of contraception used by fertile age couples. The decline of contraception used lead to unwanted pregnancies. This study were conducted to find out the relationship about educational level in fertile age women regarding contraception. This cross-sectional study was done in 27 provinces in Indonesia and it was found about 279 fertile age women with different educational backgrounds. The respondents who met the inclusion criteria were married women by 104 people from 19 different provinces. The educational level groupings are intermediate (Middle School and High School), vocational (D1/D2/D3), and higher education (Bachelor/Master). The respondents were asked to answer questions about contraceptives through questionnaires distributed on social media. Next, the data were process by using univariate dan bivariate as well as the chi square test with 24 version of SPSS. The result showed that 53.8% of respondents who have good knowledge about contraception, respondents who have poor knowledge about contraceptives are 46.2%. There is a relationship between educational level of fertile age women and knowledge about contraception (p-value: 0,001), and the unmet need is one of the factors which causes unwanted pregnancies, therefore, the efforts are needed to eliminate unmet need to reduce the incidence of unwanted pregnancies during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>

Pelvic congestion syndrome – case report

Pelvic congestion syndrome is unfortunately an often-misdiagnosed disorder that causes chronic pelvic pain in women of fertile age. The main symptoms are represented by chronic pelvic discomfort or pain. This pathology appears to be related to a venous disorder generating pelvic varicosities. There are no standardized diagnosis criteria or treatment guidelines to aid in the management of pelvic congestion syndrome. The therapeutic options consist in medical or surgical treatment, sclerotherapy and endovascular treatment. We present the case of a 33-year-old woman with a severe case of pelvic congestion syndrome, that has affected her both physically and emotionally. The patient received specialized treatment in a Spanish medical unit, with subsequent improved symptoms. We concluded that should be founded specialized centres in our country for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic congestion syndrome so that these young patients could embrace a normal, painless life.

Saline infusion sonohysterography in endometrial exploration

Contrast substances have been an extremely important addition in the ultrasonographic examination of the female internal genital organs. Saline infusion sonohysterography consists of the transcervical instillation of fluid into the uterine cavity to improve endometrial visualization while performing a transvaginal ultrasound evaluation. Therefore, benign endometrial pathology such as hyperplasia, but most of all focal lesions like polyps, leiomyomas, or adhesions, as well as suspected malignant pathology such as endometrial cancer, can be better assessed during ultrasound examination. Saline infusion sonohysterography is an important tool for avoiding unnecessary biopsies in postmenopausal women with an apparent thicker endometrium; for women of fertile age, saline infusion sonohysterography can be used to select those females who require further therapeutic procedures, especially in infertility, caused by endometrial pathology. Sonohysterography is very well tolerated by patients, has a minimum degree of discomfort, can be performed without hospitalization and can be easily performed at a reduced cost.

Family Planning Unmet Need; Determinant Factors and Strategy Design through Health Management Approach and Fishbone Analysis in Riau Province, Indonesia

The high number of unmet needs for Family Planning (FP) in Indonesia has an effect on birth spacing and the number of parities so that there is a high risk of maternal and infant mortality. Based on data from the Family-Program Performance and Accountability Survey (PPAS) from the National Population and Family Planning Board (NPFPB) in 2019, 51% of Fertile Age Women (FAW) were not willing to use FP. This study aims to describe the determinant factors and strategies to reduce the incidence of unmet needs for FP. The method used was a quantitative descriptive study conducted in July-September 2021. The data collection technique analyzed the program performance and accountability survey report data from NPFPB in 2019 (secondary data). The result was that the determinant factors of the unmet need for FP include: age 30-49 years (60.1%), parity having 6 or more children (73.6%), reasons for fertility (32.89%), being against using (7.9%), lack of knowledge about 8 modern FP tools/methods (15.5%), reasons for FP tools/methods (34.65%). Meanwhile, the majority of information on FP was obtained through television (91.9%), direct information through midwives/nurses (77.5%). The strategy to reduce the number of unmet need for FP was through a health management approach with five stages, namely: 1. Assessment to identify the number of Fertile Age Couple (FAC) unmet need for FP, demographic characteristics, and reasons for not using contraceptive tools/methods: 2. Mapping step, case mapping per region, 3. Planning, service planning process, 4. action, service delivery based on planning, 5. Evaluation monitoring stage, monitoring process, and activity evaluation. Six management elements are used for fishbone analysis, namely: man, money, method, material, machine, and market. It requires a high commitment to all stakeholders so that the implementation of the strategy can be realized.

Spatial and spatio-temporal distribution of women living with HIV mortality in Porto Alegre, Brazil, from 2007 to 2017.

ABSTRACTOBJETIVE:To present some factors related to the mortality rates of WLHIV in the city of Porto Alegre-RS.METHODS:This is a spatial and spatio-temporal analysis of ecological data about all women monitored by the health care services for the vertical transmission (VT) of HIV, between 2007 and 2017, residing in the city that died during the period. The units of analysis were the 17 sanitary districts of the city. The dependent variable was the mortality rate. The independent territorial variables were the indicators of vulnerability to poverty, women householder proportion, lack of infrastructure, HDI, and GINI index. Still, the individual data collected were: age, race/color, level of education, and period since the HIV diagnosis. The analyses used SPSS 20.0, and QGIS 218.15.RESULTS:Regions with higher vulnerability to poverty and precarious local infrastructure registered higher WLHIV mortality rates, especially black/”pardo” women in fertile age with low education. The regions with most women householders presented a risk of mortality seven times higher. The population with vulnerability to poverty presented the same result.CONCLUSIONS:Regions with critical indicators of vulnerability presented higher mortality rates of WLHIV, which demonstrates social inequalities’ impact for these women.

Medical and social factors of the possibility of spreading coronavirus infection among fertile aged women

Research objective: to determine the risk factors for the spread of coronavirus infection among women of fertile age.Materials and methods. Authors analyzed the medical records (case histories and questionnaires) of 60 women of fertile age who were treated for coronavirus disease. After analysis of medical and social factors women were divided into age groups. Analysis of risk factors for coronavirus disease was determined by calculating the odds ratio according to Wald at p < 0.05.Results. Evaluation of the odds ratio of the COVID-19 chances depending on the nature of work of women of different ages showed that with intense work the risk of disease increases 2.5 times in the age group up to 30 years, which also confirms the analysis of previous indicators, that younger women with moderate workloads have more opportunities to attend mass events and crowds. In the structure of extragenital diseases in women with coronavirus disease, the chances of disease increased 2.6 times in those women who had a history of chronic tonsillitis. Among the history of infectious diseases, the chance ratio of coronavirus disease was increased in women over 30 years of age who had pertussis. Such data may indicate a similar mechanism of development of these diseases, because the causative agent of pertussis also penetrates the upper respiratory tract and may be accompanied by neurological symptoms – the appearance of seizures and bronchospasm.Conclusions. The data obtained in this way allow us to separate a narrower cohort of women of fertile age who may develop coronavirus disease. This will further allow developing proposals for a more efficient distribution of vaccines among the female population of Ukraine and reduce the prevalence of coronavirus infection.

Edukasi Metode Kontrasepsi Jangka Panjang di Puskesmas Pakuan Baru Kota Jambi

Indonesia is currently experiencing population problems, one of which is the population explosion or the continued significant increase in population volume in Indonesia, on the other hand the population distribution is uneven. Based on a population survey in 2010, Indonesia's population was 237.6 million with a population growth rate of around 1.49%. If the government does not succeed in reducing population growth, it is predicted that Indonesia's population in 2060 will reach 475 million - 500 million. One of the government's efforts to control the rate of population growth is through the implementation of the Family Planning (KB) program for Fertile Age Couples (PUS) with the use of contraception. The use of long-term contraceptive methods (MKJP) is still very low, the total of active family planning participants, only 17.45% of them use MKJP KB. Meanwhile, 81.23% were non use of long-term contraceptive methods users and 1.32% used traditional family planning. Public health center of Pakuan Baru in 2018 there were no active family planning participants who used long-term contraceptive methods.Therefore, it is necessary to provide education to increase knowledge of fertile age woman (PUS) about MKJP and increase the coverage of long-term contraceptive methods. Implementation time in Nopember2019-Januari 2020. The targets are women of childbearing age at the public health center of Pakuan Baru. Community service methods include survey and lecture approaches. The results obtained were that fertile age woman was able to understand about long-term contraceptive methods and willing to use long-term contraceptive methods. It is recommended that the public health center maintain the extension program related to long-term contraceptive methods that has been provided.

Correlation assessment of gender and thyroid hormones in patients with primary oligomenorhea in anamnesis

Objective. To determine the concentration of pituitary, ovarian and thyroid hormones in the blood and the correlation between them in women with a history of primary oligomenorrhea.
 Material and methods. The study involved 56 women of reproductive age with primary oligomenorrhea. Control 50 women of fertile age with an undisturbed rhythm of menstruation. An ultrasound of the uterus, ovaries and thyroid gland was performed. Concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin, estradiol, testosterone dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were determined by ELISA.
 Results. The average age of women in the main and control groups was 30.0 1.34 and 30.52 5.92 years (p 0.05), respectively. The average age of menarche in women of the main group was 13.27 0.80 years; duration of menstruation 3.4 0.40 days and 5.2 0.82 days (p = 0.051), respectively; duration of the menstrual cycle was 33.90 0.70 days (p = 0.001). Length and width of the uterus 3.99 0.19 cm (p = 0.055) and 4.51 0.11 cm, respectively; endometrial thickness 9.78 1.20 mm. The sizes of thyroid lobes did not differ between the groups. The LH level and the LH / FSH ratio were higher than the control values by 50.79 % (p = 0.052) and 52.66 % (p = 0.045), respectively. Testosterone and TSH concentrations were 38.33 and 34.36 % higher, respectively. The estradiol level was reduced by 56.67 % (p = 0.113). A weak correlation was revealed between sex and thyroid hormones.
 Conclusions. In women with a history of primary oligomenorrhea, the concentration of luteini-zing hormone and the LH / FSH ratio in the blood serum are significantly higher (p 0.05). In women with primary oligomenorrhea, there was a weak correlation between sex and thyroid hormones. The results will provide insight into the relationship between the thyroid function and the menstrual cycle.

Sexual function in women of fertile age with epilepsy

PurposeTo evaluate Sexual Function Scores in women of childbearing age with epilepsy. MethodCross-sectional study and comparison of two groups, one with and the other without epilepsy. The instruments used were: semi-structured socioeconomic, demographic and clinical questionnaire; Beck Anxiety and Depression Inventories; Word Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-brief); Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI); and Female Genital Self Image Scale (FGSIS). Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher's Exact Test, Chi-Square, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman's Correlation, considering p < 0.05 as a measure of significance. Results110 women were included (55 with epilepsy and 55 without epilepsy) with a mean age of 32 years. Both groups had sexual dysfunction (with epilepsy: 19.28 vs. without epilepsy: 21.05; p = 0.416). There was no significant difference between groups in the analysis of self-image of the genitalia, Quality of Life, or Anxiety. However, there was a statistical difference in Depression Symptoms (with epilepsy: 11.44 vs. without epilepsy:13.82, p = 0.038). When evaluating the influence of epilepsy on sexual function score, women who used enzyme-inducing drugs had worse scores in desire domain (5.21 vs. 6.65; p = 0.020) and lubrication domain (9.48 vs. 12.95; p = 0.047) when compared to women who used non-enzyme-inducing drugs, respectively. In the correlation of Sexual Function with Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life, and Self-Image of the genitalia, it was observed that when Depression levels increase, desire is impaired [-0.273(p = 0.043)]. In Quality of Life, the psychological [0.311(p = 0.021)] and environmental [0.268(p = 0.048)] domains positively influenced desire. The social relationships domain improved desire [0.504(p = 0.000)], excitement [0.461(p = 0.000)], lubrication [0.342(p = 0.011)], orgasm [0.425(p = 0.001)], satisfaction [0.449(p = 0.001)], and decreased pain [0.402(p = 0.002)]. Consequently, these influence appeared to improve sexual function [0.521(p = 0.000)]. ConclusionWomen of childbearing age with epilepsy have sexual dysfunction. The presence of signs of depression and the use of enzyme-inducing drugs must be carefully analyzed, as they can worsen the sexual function score. Health professionals need to be aware that sexual dysfunction must be investigated because this issue influences the quality of life of these women.

Implementation of Theory of Planned Behaviors to Participation and IVA Examination in Female Age Women

Cervical cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, with 311,365 cervical cancer deaths. recorded globally in 2018. Cervical cancer is caused by the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). This viral infection is often found in sexually active women who have multiple partners. Therefore, cervical cancer can be prevented by conducting early examination through Visual Acetate Inspection (IVA). The purpose of the literature review is to determine whether there is a relationship between theory of planned behavior and participation in IVA examinations in women of fertile age. The method uses Literature reviews from the Pubmed, Microsoft Academic, BASE and Google Scholar databases, published in 2015 to 2020, and manually selects and analyzes relevant articles. The results of the literature review show that of the 20 journals found and in accordance with the research questions, namely, 1 journal that discusses the Intention Relationship of the IVA test, 7 journals that discuss the Relationship of the IVA Test Behavior, 9 journals that discuss the Attitude Relationship of the IVA test, 3 journals that discuss the Relationship of Subjective Norms for the IVA test and from the 20 journals that were found active IVA examination, 4 journals and 16 journals that were not active performed the IVA examination. From the results of the analysis of the journal, it was found that there was a lack of knowledge and information about IVA tests so that women of childbearing age did not actively carry out IVA examinations, the importance of counseling and health education regarding early detection of cervical cancer, especially IVA tests, not only for women of childbearing age, but also for their husbands, so that they understand the importance of early detection of cervical cancer and can increase the intention, behavior, attitude and subjective norms towards the activity of the IVA test.

Magnitude and Associated Factors of Antenatal Care Utilization in Western Regions of Ethiopia: A study Based on Demographic and Health Survey Data

Antenatal care (ANC) service is used to ensure the best health conditions for both mother and baby during pregnancy. There are marked disparities in the utilization of ANC utilization among regions of Ethiopia. Hence, this study was intended to analyze the magnitude and associated factors of ANC utilization in Western Regions of Ethiopia. The study was conducted based on 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 1200 women representing the three regions (Oromiya, Benishangul Gumuz and Gambela), who gave birth two years preceding the survey were included and the analysis was done by SPSS version 20. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the net effect of associated factors of ANC utilization. Among the studied participants, 39.9%, 51.0% and 27.8%of women in Oromiya, Benishangul Gumuz and Gambela regions, respectively, received a minimum of four ANC visits from the skilled health personnel. The result from multiple logistic regression depicted that age in 5- year group, region, place of residence, maternal education and wealth index were significantly associated with the utilization of ANC service. The utilization of ANC service was higher among young women than old women while women in Benishangul Gumuz were more likely to receive ANC service than women in Gambela region. Better education attainment increases the likelihood of receiving ANC service from the skilled personnel. Urban women as well as rich women were more likely to receive ANC service than their respective rural and poor counterparts in the studied regions. Providing awareness creation on ANC utilization for women of fertile age is a best instrument to minimize maternal and child mortality.

Анализ критических акушерских состояний в мегаполисе

The article presents an analysis of critical conditions (near miss) in obstetrics since the beginning of their systematic recording (2016). The analysis of critical conditions showed that the reserves in reducing these pathological conditions lie in the qualitative observation of pregnant women, the timely detection of extragenital diseases and the prevention of pregnancy with absolute contraindications at the primary health care (PHC) level, as well as adherence to the management algorithm according to a single agreed plan, including related services, continuous training of all personnel. levels of emergency interventions to ensure preparedness for assistance. Active support of vital functions in the conditions of the intensive care unit, as well as analysis of the reasons for their development, possible preventive measures are the most important component in reducing maternal mortality and disability in women of fertile age.

Indicators of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant system enzymes as predictors of the development of metabolic disorders in primary obesity

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of indicators of lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant system enzymes in the early diagnosis of metabolic disorders.&#x0D; Methods. The study included 269 women of fertile age with primary obesity. The control group consisted of 35 women. The clinical examination included identification of the type of obesity, whole-body fat percentage, the level of glycemia and the index of insulin resistance, biochemical markers of lipids, hormones (leptin and insulin), malondialdehyde and enzyme activity (peroxidase and catalase). The statistical significance of the differences was determined by using the inversion test. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to assess the degree of relationship between quantitative characteristics, and scatter diagrams were used to compare two variables (Statistica software version 10.0).&#x0D; Results. A statistically significant increase in basal and stimulated immunoreactive insulin was found in obese patients compared with the controls (p 0.01). Stimulated immunoreactive insulin levels, insulin resistance score (HOMA-IR) and the level of leptin in the group of patients with android obesity was higher than in the group with gynoid obesity (p 0.01). The relationship between the concentration of serum malondialdehyde and whole-body fat percentage was found to be more significant (r=0.412; p 0.001) than the relationship with the type of obesity (r=0.257; p 0.01). Positive correlations were found between serum malondialdehyde and insulin (r=0.35; p 0.001) and leptin (r=0.32; p 0.001) levels. The relationship between the concentration of serum malondialdehyde and the activity of enzyme systems was also noted. The activity of lipid peroxidation was higher in the group of patients with android obesity (malondialdehyde 3.3 mol/L) compared with the group of patients with gynoid obesity. In the same group, a higher activity of enzyme systems was noted.&#x0D; Conclusion. An increase in the concentration of serum malondialdehyde and the activity of enzyme systems should be considered as indicators of a high risk of developing metabolic syndrome.

Социально-гигиенические факторы, влияющие на формирование здоровья трудоспособного населения Московской области (на примере города Домодедово)

BACKGROUND: Human resources are the most important wealth of the country, which directly determines the welfare of the country, and the main production force is the working population. In addition, the working-age population mostly consists of men and women of fertile age, i.e. capable of reproduction of the population. Therefore, the study of the state of health and socio-hygienic factors that influence it in the working population is the most important task of the government. AIM: To identify and study social and hygienic factors that influence the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region at the beginning of XXI century. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have developed a questionnaire containing more than 100 questions with multiple answers, covering social, hygienic and medical issues. A sociological study was conducted among men and women of the working age who turned to the city polyclinic of Domodedovo for medical care. The analysis of sociological data was carried out with the multivariate mathematical statistics methods used in the study of statistically related signs in order to identify a certain number of factors hidden from direct observation — factor analysis using Cattell test. RESULTS: Five socio-hygienic factors were identified (“social factor”, “health status factor”, “demographic factor”, “health care satisfaction factor”, “health care availability factor”), arranged by the load size and significance. They play a role in formation of health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and are closely related to each other. CONCLUSION: The obtained socio-hygienic factors have a considerable influence on health and permit to assess the risks affecting the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and to precisely act on them by both municipal and regional administrative authorities, which in the future may also influence the demographic parameters. Social and hygienic factors are more correlated with the concept of “quality of life”, and this is actually a complex characteristic of the conditions of the life activity of the population, which is expressed in objective parameters and subjective assessments of the satisfaction of financial, social and cultural needs, taking into account the system of values and social standards.

Formation of a system of real support measures large families

The article summarizes the results of the analysis of the use of instruments of state support for large families in Russia, taking into account the social and demographic situation. The purpose of the study is to analyze is to substantiate proposals for direct real support of large families to overcome the trend of depopulation in Russia. The categories «large family», «low-income family» and «low-income family» have been clarified to determine the most effective measures to support large families. Measures of state support for large families have been differentiated according to the characteristics of their direct or indirect, potential or actual receipt by such families, which allows us to assess their effectiveness in stimulating an increase in the birth rate. The analysis of the contribution of large families to the increase in natural population growth is given, the influence of such factors as a reduction in the reproductive contingent, in particular, due to a decrease in the number of women of fertile age, an increase in the average age of mothers giving birth to their first child and subsequent children, a decrease in the mother's living standards in large families is shown. A study of the state support for large families operating in Russian regions was carried out, which made it possible to reveal the prevalence of indirect potential tools over direct real ones that do not have a significant effect on improving the conditions and living standards of families with three or more children. As a result of the analytical study, a potential opportunity was revealed to solve the problems of depopulation by creating material and financial conditions for increasing the number of large families. The progressive foreign experience on the use of direct real measures to support large families, depending on the number of children being brought up, is generalized. Recommendations for improving the effectiveness of measures to support large families by providing real (direct) state support have been substantiated

Distance employment and parenthood: women's opinions

The article examines the relationship between two processes: development of distance employment and changes in women's parenting and reproductive behavior. The hypothesis of social effectiveness of the distance format of paid work for women was tested. It was hypothesized that the distance format allows women to perform parenting and social functions more successfully, that the opportunity to work remotely might influence a woman's positive decision to have more children. The empirical basis was formed on the data from a survey of Russian women of fertile age, conducted in May-June 2019. The sample is quota-based, including control by settlement types (megalopolis, city, village), and all Federal Districts of Russia are covered. The article contains descriptive statistics structurally describing the obtained results. A high level of women's readiness to work remotely was revealed. The motivation to telecommuting was higher among respondents who had similar work experience, as well as among women in younger age groups and living in megalopolises. Women's subjective perceptions of the qualitative changes that can occur in connection with the possibility of working remotely are summarized. On the whole, positive effects on parenting and social aspects of women's lives are found to prevail: more time will be available for child development and education; the frequency of visits to cultural and entertainment events with children will increase; the quality of home meals and everyday life will improve. The descriptive evidence confirms the relationship between telecommuting and women's reproductive behavior. The availability of telecommuting can be considered within the system of factors stimulating fertility.

Relation between Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) and C. trachomatis Infection on Infertility in Women

Infertility is one of world health problems, in which it is predicted that the case of infertility in couples of reproductive age is about 8%-10% or 50-80 million couples in the world. This becomes a problem, especially the factor caused in the women is of 65%. Various factors cause infertility, one of which is damage to reproductive organs caused by C. trachomatis infection and a significant decrease in the number of Lactobacillus populations. The objective of this study was to determine the relation between LAB and C. trachomatis infection on infertility in women. This is an analytic research with a case control design of 33 women of infertile reproductive age couples and 33 women of fertile reproductive age couples. This research was carried out in the working area of the Padang Pariaman District Health Office and the Microbiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University from June 2019 to February 2020. LAB cultures were carried out by using MRS agar and C. trachomatis media were examined by using PCR with a product length of 236 bp. The number of LAB colonies was analyzed by using Independent t-test and data analysis on C. trachomatis infection by using the chi-square test. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of LAB colonies on infertility in women (p=0.006) and there was no relation between C. trachomatis infection and infertility in women. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relation between the number of LAB colonies on infertility in women and there is no relation between C. trachomatis infection and infertility in women. Keywords: Lactic acid bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis infection, infertility, PCR.

Diertary Intake of Micronutrients in Non-Indigenous Womens in the Cities of Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard

Introduction: Healthy nutrition is an important determinant of physical and mental wellbeing. A significant amount of evidence has been accumulated on the effect of nutrition on health promotion, disease prevention, resiliance to unfavorable climatic factors, longevity and life quality. Insufficient intake of micronutrients is often combined with an excess intake of macronutrients, particularly fats and simple carbohydrates increasling the risk of developing chronic diseases. Nutrition of women is of particular importantce not only for the present, but also for future generations. Aim: To assess dietary intake of vitamins A, C, E, D and trace elements, such asFe, Mn, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Se in women of fertile age in Khanty-Mansiysk and Salekhard, North-Eastern Siberia. Methods: A cross-sectional study. A total of 137 non-indigenous women aged 18-44 years living in Khanty-Mansiysk (n = 75) and Salekhard (n = 62) participated in a cross-sectional dietary survey. A 3-day diet was assessed by a questionnaire and the ASPON-nutrition software. Dietary intake of the abovementioned vitamins and nutrients were compared with the naitonal recommended daily amounts (RDA). Results: No statistically significant differences in the intake of vitamines and nutrients were observed between the two settings. Women from the Northen city of Salekhard had insufficient intake of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn (70-89 % RDA) and Se in partlicular (49 % RDA). They also consumed insufficient amounts ofvitamins E (82-87 % RDA), C (62-73 % RDA) D ( 54-55 % RDA). We also oserved excess intake of vitamin A (111-115 % RDA). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of fertile-age women in North-Eastern Siberia have insufficient intake of vitamines C, E and D as well as Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn and Se warranting development of public health programms including activities to promote dietary supplements and food fortification to improve nutrition of residents in general and women in particular in North-Eastern Siberia.