Different Generations Of Women Research Articles

Khanty urban women in the second half of the 20th — early 21st century: continuity of ethnocul-tural traditions, a view from the “inside”

Ethnicity is a dynamic category based on ethnic background. Most clearly it is expressed in the traditional environment, natural for the preservation of cultural traditions, which is associated with ancestral places, rural areas. In recent years, the number of representatives of indigenous peoples of the North living in the cities of Yugra has increased significantly. The main force of national intelligentsia is concentrated in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk, public institutions have been created there that became a part of the modern ethnic culture of the Ob Ugrians. The most representative part of this community are women, they clearly show their creative nature. The purpose of this work is to capture the features of the expression of ethnicity among Khanty women of different generations living in urban conditions, to trace its changes and continuity using the example of resi-dents of Khanty-Mansiysk. To assess this topic, a “look from the inside” is characteristic, the author places herself in the center of the study, as she belongs to this community. The stories of famous Khanty women who were born in the 1930s in a traditional environment but became citizens, as well as stories of their daughters and granddaughters born in the city, serve as a “refe-rence”. The author concludes on the natural “blurring” of ethnic identity in city environment. This is a natural process caused by the environment itself, as well as by metisation of urban residents. The process of assimilation of ethnic cultures in urban condi-tions is faster. The “true” representatives of traditional culture in urban environment are those born in rural areas. The first gen-eration of urban women (“mothers”) keeps in touch with the traditional environment, usually speaks their native language and appears as representatives of ethnic culture. The second generation (“daughters”) takes a marginal position in relation to their native culture and the urbanized environment, they are able to perceive their native culture, but at a different level; they rather carry a universal identity. Representatives of the third generation (“granddaughters”), as a rule, are not speakers of their native language and bearers of the culture, and their ethnic identity is expressed in preserving the memory of their ancestors.

I Need to Pee! Gender Inequalities and (In-)Accessibility of Public Restrooms in London

When analysing how cities and public facilities – especially public bathrooms – are designed, gendered perspectives are often neglected. This paper investigates the eff ects of the inaccessibility of public bathrooms on women's lives in London. Informed by a feminist lens, the research shows that many public bathrooms are inaccessible and unsafe, making it women's priority to avoid bathrooms throughout the day. This has effects on women's health and their understanding of bodily sensations. This inaccessibility leads women to plan ahead, limiting their ability to be spontaneous within public spaces, and using 'just in case' visits to bathroom facilities before leaving a place to minimize the risk of having to look for one later in the day. (In-)accessibility of public bathrooms is a long-lasting issue which has been translated into the creation of a cross-generational, non-formal bathroom education between women of diff erent generations. Overall, tensions and difficulties arising from women's (in-)accessibility to decent bathroom facilities means that their basic human rights are often denied, and their everyday life signi ficantly aff ected. As a response to such intersectional inequalities, women develop adaptative strategies, fostering their resilience as they reclaim their urban and public life.

Filling the Hollow

Chorus of Mushrooms tells the story of a Japanese family that immigrated to the small city of Nanton, in Canada. It depicts the challenges of three women of different generations - a grandmother, a mother and a granddaughter - and also a father, engaged in the ongoing process of surviving and (re)constructing identities and memories in a foreign environment, which constantly challenges the characters to deal with blurred and overlapping geographies of home. Thus, this essay analyzes briefly the narrative strategies employed by Hiromi Goto in the light of postcolonial studies. The analyses of the narrative act in Chorus of Mushrooms reveals not only how the identities of these three generations of women are (re)constructed in the novel, but also how the story – or stories – is/are creatively told and memories resignified in the process. Before analysing Goto’s novel, a brief account of the author’s and the novel’s sociocultural and historical backgrounds is provided. Then, some narrative strategies are highlighted in the light of Suzan Lanser’s (1982) categories, mainly because of the importance of understanding how memory culture unfolds in the novel via these strategies. Finally, further issues of memory and identity are identified and examined in view of Astrid Erll (2011), Vijay Agnew (2013) and Doreen Massey’s (2014) and Linda McDowell’s (1999) theoretical approaches to space, place and gender. The present study shows not only the role of memories in the narrative and their impact in the characters’ lives, but also Hiromi Goto’s creative and sharp writing skills.

Neoliberal feminism and intergenerational relations at work: an analysis of media representations of feminist mentorship in popular culture

ABSTRACT Generational conflict is often understood as central to social change, and more so concerning the development of feminism, as expressed through the mapping of feminist history in opposing waves. The opposition between younger and older women is also a common trope in popular culture, often aimed at describing the conflict between different generations of women and their understanding of gender and gender relations. However, since the emergence of the #MeToo phenomenon in 2016, new representations of intergenerational female relationships have emerged, specifically in the workplace. In this context, conflict does not necessarily foreclose dialogue, but is part of a more rounded relationship that encompasses solidarity and growth, taking the shape of feminist mentorship. Through the analysis of three popular shows (The Good Fight, The Bold Type, Hacks), I investigate the emergence of the trope of feminist mentorship in popular culture and argue that, while these texts offer more positive representations of intergenerational feminist relations, they expand neoliberal feminism’s focus on workplace success for female empowerment by making work the preferred site of feminist activism.

Indigenous businesses in Australia: A supply chain management perspective

The article presents the current position of supply chain management (SCM) of indigenous businesses in Australia and the approaches to connect it to the broader business. A comprehensive literature review was carried out on SCM of indigenous business practices across four organisations identified in the Whanu Binal Entrepreneur Programme. A deductive approach was used in analysing the literature to express the business operations of four organisations in SCM concepts and theoretical perspectives. Indigenous businesses are managing their SCs without formally addressing the tools, techniques and systems, and are of small scale often less than AUD 5.0 million. The mainstream businesses with less than 5 million sales were found to have SC collaboration, and tools and systems used in the SCs. Indigenous businesses are strongly guided by its culture, supported by the Yarning in transferring knowledge across different generations of women supported by the Indigenous Standpoint Theory (IST). JEL Classification: J15, L26, L60

Of bodies and politics: towards a body of work in the documentaries of Raja Amari

ABSTRACT Raja Amari is best known for her fiction features Red Satin (2002), Buried Secrets (2009) and Foreign Body (2016), in which she dissects the mythologisation of mother and daughter relationships by underlining difficult communication and co-dependence. Her less well-known documentaries Seekers of Oblivion (2004) and She Had a Dream (2020) likewise explore the bonds between women of different generations and across geographical, religious and political borders. In this article, I investigate Amari’s transnational documentary strategies that foreground the multitude of women’s voices, storytelling strategies, performative identity formation, and female agency. These two documentaries focus on the body of work of extra-ordinary women, who force us into an analytical engagement with diverse voices and politics. The documentaries offer insight into the gendered, racial and generational boundaries that are constantly crossed by two young women who lived more than a century apart. This leads to the article’s central argument that transnational documentary studies offer an opportunity to realign transnational screen studies with its subject, the transnational human experience.

“Deutschland ist auch Frauensache”. NPD-Frauen im Kampf für Volk und Familie 1964–2020

In this enlightening and carefully researched book, Valérie Dubslaff explores the history of the right-wing extremist Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschland (NPD) with a focus on its female members and officials. Dubslaff offers a unique insight into the various ways in which women of different generations have actively influenced the NPD’s political and ideological development during the last six decades. Throughout the book, the author presents a thorough analysis, based on an impressive number of primary sources, ranging from internal party documents, manuscripts and letters, through party programmes, leaflets, contributions in the NPD’s party newspaper, and records of right-wing extremist networks and actors in antifascist archives, to content published on NPD websites or posted on social media. Moreover, by continuously reflecting on the historical and socio-political context of the NPD women’s manoeuvring, Dubslaff makes a remarkably insightful contribution to the exploration of the postwar Federal Republic’s gender history. In the first section, ‘Women in the NPD’s Heyday (1964–1969)’, the author focuses on the role the NPD’s (few) female members played in the consolidation and foundation of the party in 1965 as well as during the party’s most successful years in the late 1960s. The NPD’s founding mothers are presented as women from the ‘Experience Generation’ (Erlebnisgeneration), who had actively supported the National Socialist regime, refused to accept the FRG’s postwar order and continued their ideological and political engagement in the NPD. Here, Dubslaff explores how the three most prominent female members strove for more influence and actively contributed to the elaboration of ideological standpoints. Among other examples, in the field of family and social policy, they promoted an ideal of the German family strongly reminiscent of the Nazi regime’s ideology. Overall, however, Dubslaff describes the political status of women in the male-dominated NPD as characterized by a double marginalization. On the one hand, they were relegated to a subordinate role in the patriarchally structured NPD, while on the other, due to their Nazi past, NPD women could not escape the party’s overall pariah status in the FRG’s political system, despite the attempt to present themselves as a constructive and constitutional opposition.

Women Auteurs, Western Promises

In this essay, Patricia White discusses the ways in which directors Kelly Reichardt, Chloé Zhao, and Jane Campion contend with the legacy of the Hollywood Western in the context of global cinema in their recent films First Cow (2019), Nomadland (2020), and The Power of the Dog (2021) respectively. Representing three different generations of women directors working within the American feature-film space, Campion, Reichardt, and Zhao all reference genre to question the masculinist Western ideology of rugged individualism, even as they use these works to distinguish themselves as individuals within the cinematic marketplace of auteurism.

Carrying the Family in the Body: Family Trajectories of Paraguayan Women in the Paraná Tri-Border Area

This article discusses the results of ethnographic case studies on female cross-border experiences in the Paraná Tri-Border Area (between Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay) conducted in 2018 and 2019. Reclaiming the life histories of thirty Paraguayan women, we will analyze the tensions that lie between family trajectories, female transgenerational acquisition of cultural and social capitals, rural-urban and transborder mobility, and labor insertion. Our analysis will explore more in-depth the impact that productive and reproductive work overloads have on different generations of women who share family bonds, showing how their care responsibilities are intrinsically related to their agency strategies.

“Our Antient Friends … Are Much Reduced”: Mary and James Wright, the Hopewell Friends Meeting, and Quaker Women in the Southern Backcountry, c. 1720–c. 1790

Although the existence of Quakers in Virginia is well known, the best recent surveys of Virginia history devote only passing attention to them, mostly in the context of expanding religious freedoms during the revolutionary era. Few discuss the Quakers themselves or the nature of Quaker settlements although notably, Warren Hofstra, Larry Gragg, and others have studied aspects of the Backcountry Quaker experience. Recent Quaker historiography has reinterpreted the origins of the Quaker faith and the role of key individuals in the movement, including the roles of Quaker women. Numerous studies address Quaker women collectively. Few, however, examine individual families or women of different generations within a single family, and Robynne Rogers Healey has argued for “more biographies of less well-known Quaker women”. This essay uses a four-generation genealogical case study of the Quaker Bowater-Wright family to analyze the development of the Quaker faith in the Virginia backcountry and the lower South and its spread into the Old Northwest. In the backcountry environment, with its geographically isolated settlements and widely dispersed population, early Quaker migrants found fertile ground for both their economic and religious activities. The way of life that developed there differed significantly from the hierarchical Anglican structure of the Tidewater region and the more vocal evangelical groups with their independent congregational structure in the southern backcountry. This article argues that Quaker women played a critical role in shaping Quaker migration and institutional growth in eighteenth and nineteenth century America. It also suggests that the Quaker institutional structure reinforced family connections by creating a close bond that united southern Quakers across a great geographical area.

Gender and intergenerational challenges to Women’s economic empowerment initiatives in Rwanda

Women’s Economic Empowerment (WEE) based approaches to social justice have attracted increasing attention among scholars and development-based organisations as a means of improving women’s access to economic resources and increasing women’s empowerment. A growing literature discusses the degree to which women’s economic empowerment initiatives have been successful. Most of these studies have tended to rely on the use of economic proxies that capture the level of income earned by women. Based on qualitative information collected in five rural districts of Rwanda between July 2016 and January 2017, this paper explores how existing gender relations at the household level in rural Rwanda stimulate, promote/impede robust participation in WEE initiatives and explores the strategies used by rural women involved in WEE to challenge power relations at the household level. The research used a social justice and transformative approach, employing an interpretivist methodology and qualitative methods. Overall 126 women and 48 men participated in the research. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the information collected and three main themes were identified: cultural norms, expectations and women’s participation; women’s voice and agency from their engagement in economic activities; and the different generations of women who use different coping mechanisms and strategies to deal with adverse gender power relations. The research shows that if WEE initiatives are to reach their full potential, they must address cultural and structural norms that underpin gender inequality at the household and community levels. Thus WEE initiatives, as well as providing economic opportunities for women (and also men) must also address social justice issues that are harmful and affect women’s participation in such initiatives and should support a transformative environment with respect to gender power relationships in rural households and communities.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ БИОГРАФИЙ ЖЕНЩИН-ДЕПУТАТОВ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ПАРЛАМЕНТОВ РФ: ПОКОЛЕНЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The relevance of the study is related to the need to identify fault points and intersections in the mechanisms of recruitment and promotion to the level of political decision-making of various age cohorts of the female segment of the deputy corps of regional parliaments of the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the authors analyze the political biographies of two age groups of deputies of regional legislative (representative) bodies of the subjects of the Russian Federation formed during the electoral cycles of 2011-2015: the first group – deputies under the age of 30; the second group is female deputies over 30 years old. The data sources are the websites of regional legislatures, specialized portals dedicated to deputies of various levels, media materials, network communities. The author analyzes such features of the socio-political portrait of female deputies as education, profession, experience of socio-political activity, etc. The authors propose a typology of the female segment of the deputy corps and identify the main career trajectories of women of different generations entering the public sphere. The conducted research shows that the fault lines in the sources of recruiting women of different generations reveal differences in the ways of representing age and gender groups in the system of parliamentarism, and the intersection lines indicate that gender is a stable institution of the Russian political system.

How do Slovak Women Perceive Their Opportunities on the Global Labor Market? Generational study

Research background:Despite European labor market offers wider opportunities of employment also for Slovak women, it is characterized by notable gender disparities too. Except for the 12% employment gap, the 16% wage gap still occurs. Study examines generational differences in attitudes of Slovak woman according to their opportunities on the global labor market with the respect of fact that, women’s own views on the need for such activities differ across generations.Purpose of the article:The aim is to point out that views of Slovak women on their opportunities at the global labor market is perceived differently by women of diverse generations.Methods:The research was conducted using the questionnaire method on a sample of 361 respondents, who were exclusively women of economically active age already incorporated in the labor market. For this reason, stratified randomization was performed and members of Generations X, Generation Y, and Generation Z were approached to participate in the online survey. The assumptions of differences were set for 6 chosen variables and statistically tested according to the age through Kruskal-Wallis test using XL stat. As a post hoc test the Bonferroni correction was computed to counteract the problem of multiple comparisons between variables.Findings & Value added: The uniqueness of our study is primarily in targeting at women of different generations and looking for differences in their generational attitudes.

Gender, spatiality and motherhood: intergenerational change in Greek-Cypriot migrant families in the UK

ABSTRACT There is growing interest in geography in the intersections of age, family and the lifecourse with migration. This paper furthers this work by focusing on the themes of intergenerational relationships and transmission within migrant families that have three generations. Using a case study of Greek-Cypriot families living in the UK, specifically the paper explores the experiences of second-generation and third-generation women, as young adults and as mothers, within the context of their relationships with their family members who were born outside of the UK. The gendered networks of power within Greek-Cypriot intergenerational migrant families are examined, with a particular focus on how these impact young women’s everyday spatialities and influence their own experiences and practices of motherhood. The paper shows how difference is brought about, played out, contested and accepted between women. Through examining changing ideas of gender and motherhood, we reveal how these differences are negotiated by different generations of women.

FARKLI KUŞAKLARDAKİ KADINLARIN JİNEKOLOJİK MUAYENEYE İLİŞKİN UTANGAÇLIK VE ANKSİYETE DURUMLARININ BELİRLENMESİ

Aim: To determine the shyness and anxiety states of women of different generations regarding gynecological examination. Methods: This study was conducted in an Obstetric Education and Research Hospital in Istanbul city from 10 April to 15 July 2018. The universe of the study, all women receiving health care from the gynecology outpatient clinic of this hospital,The sample was composed of 254 women who agreed with the research criteria and agreed to participate in the study (254 women). Research data “Introducing Information Form”, “Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I) subscale” and “Shyness Scale” were collected. In evaluating the data; Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis and Independent Sample t test were used. The results were interpreted at p <0.05 significance level. Results: The difference between the years of birth and shyness of women, gender preference of gynecologic examination was significant (p<0.05); the generation born after 1980, and they have more concerns than the other generations (55.9), more women doctors of their choice (21.7%) were more than they felt a sense of shame. STAI-I score averages and generation differences, educational status, normal life anxiety status (p <0.05) and the difference was statistically significant (p <0.05) between the mean of UO scores and education status and gender preference of gynecologic examination. Conclusions: Women born in 1980 and later had more anxiety and shame than the other generations; the individual characteristics of the women and the preferences of the physician should be taken into consideration in order to alleviate the feeling of anxiety and shame about the examination.

Música de ópera by Soledad Puértolas

Reviewed by: Música de ópera by Soledad Puértolas Joanne Lucena Puértolas, Soledad. Música de ópera. Anagrama, 2019. Pp. 274. ISBN 978-8-43399-870-5. In her latest novel, Musica de ópera (2019), Soledad Puértolas continues to impact readers with her development of the psychological nuances of each character, particularly women, a technique she utilizes in her prior novels, Queda la noche, Una vida inesperada, La señora Berg, Historia de un abrigo, Cielo nocturno, and Mi amor en vano, amongst others. Her collections of short stories, such as Compañeras de viaje, to name one, include some of the Zaragozan author’s favorite themes also highlighted in her novels, the journey (both interior and exterior), memory, identity, loneliness, nostalgia and female friendships. In Música de ópera Puértolas employs the historical backgrounds of pre–Civil War Spain, the Spanish Civil War, the end of World War II, Dwight Eisenhower’s visit to Spain in 1959, the Russian takeover of Prague in 1968, and the legalization of divorce in Spain in 1981, to provide a backdrop to which the characters in an extended family react in the novel. Nevertheless, the event and the actions surrounding them are less important, rather it is Puértolas’ focus on character analysis that is at the heart of the text. It is of note that the author presents history as a framework for her characters’ reactions, there is no judgement nor subjectivity, even when describing the Spanish Civil War which is very much a divisive topic in contemporary Spain. Musica de ópera narrates the lives of a wealthy family beginning with the matriarch, Elvira Ibáñez, a widow who has no concept of organizing the accounts and bills that she has inherited from her departed husband. Elvira is not a practical person, deferring first to her husband, and then her accountant, Antonio Perelada, for any questions regarding finances, except in the matter of her outrageous spending. Her trajectory reflects one of many upper class women of her epoch, [End Page 445] one that underlines adhering to the patriarchal system and traditional role models. Even when she travels abroad, she does so in company of a friend and then later her “niece” Victoria (in reality, her husband’s cousin’s daughter) as women of her social standing were apt to do. Elvira’s sons, Justo and Alejo, both supported the Nationalist troops in Spain during the Spanish Civil War and although they suffered somewhat, the war had no effect on their social standing. In fact, Elvira doesn’t really dwell on the war because her life has not radically changed and she continues to frequent concerts and luncheons with her friends. This is a direct contrast with the scenes depicted in the kitchen where all of the female staff have a relative fighting in the trenches on the Republican side of the Spanish Civil War and whose lives are tragically affected. Elvira, as a person of wealth and privilege, has the luxury of focusing on frivolities and when she turns 50 it is time for her to focus on peace, silence, and her retirement from the world. The only thing that saves this character from absolute vapidity are the letters that she transcribes every night to the accountant addressed to her favorite childhood friend, Dorotea, who died years ago. The letters reflect her fear of having failed as a mother and other such internal torments that provide the reader with a sense that Elvira is not as dull as she was originally portrayed, and it is her social class that has relegated her to this position. It is these letters, representing Puértolas’s theme of nostalgia, that link the three different generations of women, Elvira, Valentina and Alba, the latter two being the custodians of Elvira’s memories. The second half of the novel centers on the narratives of the aforementioned characters, Valentina and Alba, Alejo’s daughter and Elvira’s granddaughter. Valentina, who although she first accompanied her traditional aunt on her travels, revels in her solo travel and independence and losing her virginity in a one-night stand. Her character’s development is more salient than...

Prevalence of Self-reported Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Profiles of Health Among Women of Different Generations: A Cross Sectional Study

Objective: Although polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is considered a lifelong disorder, very little is understood about the diagnosis and impact of this condition in women outside of the peak reproductive years. We examined the frequency of diagnosed PCOS and concurrent health conditions in women across the lifespan. Methods: Data were analysed from 1509 women aged 15–95 years participating in a cross-sectional, face-to-face population survey in South Australia, 2015. We assessed the prevalence of PCOS in 10-year age groups and the frequency of comorbidities in women with and without PCOS subgrouped by age (&lt; 45, [Formula: see text] 45 years). The main outcome measures were Diagnosed PCOS and other chronic conditions; lifestyle factors. Logistic regression analyses determined the risk of comorbidities in women with PCOS adjusting for age and BMI. Results: Overall prevalence of PCOS was 5.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.6–6.9%), peaking in the 35–44 year age group (9.1%), and lowest in those aged 15–24 (4.1%) or [Formula: see text] 65 (3.7%) years. Women with PCOS and aged &lt;45 years were more likely to report diabetes (16.7% vs. 3.8%), cardiovascular disease (15.5% vs. 7.2%) and arthritis (15.5% vs. 7.2%) than their peers; these differences were diminished in the [Formula: see text] 45 year age group. The odds of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were more than doubled among women with PCOS (adjOR 2.23, 95% CI 1.49–4.31; adjOR 3.18, 95% CI 1.31–7.68). Conclusion: PCOS is underdiagnosed in young and post-menopausal women. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease are key comorbidities requiring greater attention in younger women with PCOS.

How have women’s employment patterns during young adulthood changed in Chile? A cohort study

The period of young adulthood is a decisive stage for women’s employment pathways. Individual characteristics (such as marriage, parenting and education) and contextual factors (decommodification, defamilialisation and labour-market flexibility, for example) play a significant role in shaping work trajectories during these years. However, due to cultural, social and economic change, employment histories during young adulthood may vary significantly among women of different generations. This study analyses and compares long-term employment patterns during young adulthood (defined as ages 25 to 39) among two cohorts of women born around 1958 (N = 2,244) and 1969 (N = 2,231) in Chile, an under-studied country in life-course research. We analyse four major dimensions of female employment patterns across cohorts – (1) diversity, (2) prevalence, (3) dynamism and (4) socio-demographic characteristics – and propose four corresponding hypotheses. To test these hypotheses, we used data from Chile’s Social Protection Survey – an exceptionally rich longitudinal survey – and employed sequence analysis to construct a typology of labour-force trajectories for each cohort. The results show some elements of continuity between cohorts’ employment patterns, such as their diversity and socio-demographics, as well as important changes in their prevalence and dynamism. In the concluding section, we discuss the contributions of this in-depth single-country study for the field of life-course research, particularly to the cultural and policy implications of the current configuration of women’s working lives.

Edited Time: The Temporal Investigations of Scott Billings and Raqs Media Collective

Edited Time:The Temporal Investigations of Scott Billings and Raqs Media Collective Ariane Noël de Tilly (bio) Two distinct and nonrelated events that were recorded in the first half of the twentieth century by a filmmaker and a photographer, respectively, have prompted new works by contemporary artists based in Vancouver and New Delhi. In 1918, Russian filmmaker DZIGA VERTOV performed a risky jump, which he described in his own writings as either a leap across rooftops or a one-and-a-half-story-high jump from the balcony of a summer house.1 VERTOV's cameraman recorded the action with a high-speed camera and followed a specific instruction: he had to film the jump in such a way that the filmmaker's facial expressions and his different thoughts could eventually be scrutinized when the take was projected in slow motion.2 Years later, VERTOV wrote in his notebook that when he saw the footage of that risky jump projected onto a screen, he did not recognize his own face, but he was able to read the thoughts from the expressions it appeared to register: "irresolution, vacillation, and firmness (a struggle within myself), and, again, the joy of victory."3 This ability of the camera to record what the naked eye cannot see in lived, phenomenological time, which VERTOV called the "Kino-Eye," is essential to his cinema. Not quite a century later, inspired by both theoretical texts on slow motion and [End Page 533] different written recollections of the 1918 experiment conducted by the Russian filmmaker, Vancouver-based artist SCOTT BILLINGS set out to make his own risky jump in his studio on September 28, 2014. The resulting video loop is not a reprise of Vertov's own jump; rather, it is a work that seeks to further investigate the scientific and artistic process that is cinema. Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 1. Scott Billings, A Risky Jump (2015). Video installation, 7:29 minutes, 13 feet. Exhibition view at Wil Aballe Art Projects (WAAP), Vancouver, 2015. Image courtesy of the artist. Whereas Billings's A Risky Jump was inspired by written texts reflecting on a cinematic technique and the results of an experiment, Raqs Media Collective's Re-Run was created in an entirely different geopolitical context, and was prompted by a photograph taken in the mid-twentieth century. In late November 1948, after a year spent taking photographs in India (a nation that had gained sovereignty in 1947), French photographer Henri Cartier-Bresson received an urgent cable from the Magnum New York office, the agency he [End Page 534] had co-founded the previous year. The agency pressed him to travel to China to report visually on the arrival of the People's Liberation Army in various cities across the country. At the beginning of December 1948, Cartier-Bresson spent ten days in Beijing and took the last plane out as the People's Liberation Army started occupying the city.4 One of the best-known photographs that Cartier-Bresson took during his subsequent visit to Shanghai depicts a run on the national bank. Seeing that the value of paper money was sinking, the Kuomintang government resolved to distribute forty grams of gold per person, which resulted in a financial panic. The official title of Cartier-Bresson's photograph is quite long, yet it offers an important contextualization of the political climate to which the image bears witness: CHINA. Shanghai. December 1948–January 1949. As the value of the paper money sank, the Kuomintang decided to distribute 40 grams of gold per person. With the gold rush, in December, thousands came out and waited in line for hours. The police, equipped with the remnants of the armies of the International Concession, made only a gesture toward maintaining order. Ten people were crushed to death.5 Click for larger view View full resolution Figure 2. Henri Cartier-Bresson, China, Shanghai. Kuomintang Gold Distribution Line (1948). Image courtesy of Henri Cartier-Bresson/Magnum Photos. [End Page 535] The photograph Cartier-Bresson took of this bank run shows a dense crowd composed of men and women of different generations, in a complete state of panic, pressing against...

A Importância do Planejamento Gestacional para Diferentes Gerações de Mulheres

O presente estudo tem por objetivo compreender a importância do planejamento gestacional na ótica de diferentes gerações de mulheres. O presente artigo é qualitativo realizado com mães de diferentes idades, faixa de rendas, classes sociais e instituições familiares. Como resultados o estudo revela que a falta de planejamento do período pós parto dificulta os primeiros meses da vida do recém-nascido e da mãe. Por fim, o estudo infere que o planejamento gestacional é importante para os períodos que antecedem à gestação, o gestacional e o pós-gestação, no tocante à qualidade de vida da mulher e do bebê, enquanto indivíduos mais envolvidos diretamente, bem como no que diz respeito às mudanças no ambiente familiar para os demais, como o pai, os avós, outros filhos.