Women Of Different Ages Research Articles

WOMEN`S MOTIVATION TO ENGAGE WITH THE NORDIC WALKING

Physical activity beneficial effects on human health in various aspects are proved by many research. In woman's health status maitenance and strengthening the important role has physical activitities. People engage with physical activities encourages a number of factors. Nordic walking as a physical activity has many benefits that would motivate women of different ages to engage with the Nordic walking. The research group was formed of 100 women between the ages of 25 -82 years. According to the World Health Organisation female age division (20), was created the following age groups (women from 25 to 44 years, 32 participants, women from 45 to 59 years, 35 participants, women from 60 to 82 years, 33 participants). Respondents attitude measurement was used Likert scale (Likert Scale, 2007) with 15 allegations. The obtained results show that the motivating factors as location outdoors in the fresh air, the joy of physical activity and health improvement is important for women of any age to engage with the Nordic walking. There are more differences between the participants of the age groups view about the factors as a stress reduction, pleasant instructor presence, society attitude, socialization process. For the younger women more important motivating factor is a stress reduction, middle-aged women, the weight adjustment, and older women, the opportunity to socialize or meet other people, compared with the other age groups. Literature data and the results of research allow to recommend Nordic walking for women regardless of age.

Whole body and regional fat and lean mass in Bulgarian women of different ages and body mass index

Whole body and regional fat and lean mass in Bulgarian women of different ages and body mass index

Obstacles to emancipation of Roma women

Abstract The article describes the obstacles to the emancipation of Roma women in the family and Czech society. The theoretical side deals with the recent changes in gender roles in the Roma family, changes in the position of Roma women and their discrimination as well as the concept of emancipation. The article aims to describe the obstacles a Roma woman must overcome in the course of emancipation. The data are based on qualitative socio-ethnographic research conducted through narrative interviews with 30 women of different ages and classes who identify as Roma and live in three Czech regional capitals. The research sample was compiled using the snowball method. The data collected in the field research were analyzed in Atlas.ti using anchored theory. We identified five main obstacles to the emancipation of Roma woman. They include obstacles emanating from the family and the majority society as well as obstacles caused by the hegemony of masculinity and those emanating from the woman. By gaining an understanding of relations in Roma families, the situation regarding the emancipation of Roma women and the associated barriers may help those who come into daily contact with the Roma minority to take appropriate actions and apply the right interventions.

Is pedometer-determined day-of-the-week variability of step counts related to age and BMI in Czech men and women aged 50 to 70 years?

Background: Day-to-day walking variability appears not to be random and may fluctuate by day of week or type of day (workdays/non-workdays). The day-of-the-week variability is less clear in period of life transition between the ages of 50–70 years. Moreover, it is unclear whether the variability is related to age or BMI. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the weekdays–weekends patterns and the day-to-day variability in step patterns in men and women of different age and BMI groups. Methods: During the years 2009–2012, 1,170 individuals (532 men and 638 women) aged 50–70 years participated in a seven-day monitoring using a Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometer. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes to the evidence with the findings about the existing the day-of-the-week variability of step counts per day in the population aged 50 to 64 years and about the absence of significant variability in seniors. Sunday was the least active day in different age and BMI groups aged 50 to 70 years of Czech population. Researchers and practitioners should take the results of this study into consideration when preparing for data collection of habitual physical activity in senior population and in the development of walking interventions and weight reduction programmes designed for this age group.

Heterogeneity in resistance training-induced muscle strength and mass responses in men and women of different ages.

Physical activity recommendations for public health include typically muscle-strengthening activities for a minimum of 2days a week. The range of inter-individual variation in responses to resistance training (RT) aiming to improve health and well-being requires to be investigated. The purpose of this study was to quantify high and low responders for RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength and to examine possible effects of age and sex on these responses. Previously collected data of untrained healthy men and women (age 19 to 78years, n = 287 with 72 controls) were pooled for the present study. Muscle size and strength changed during RT are 4.8 ± 6.1% (range from -11 to 30%) and 21.1 ± 11.5% (range from -8 to 60%) compared to pre-RT, respectively. Age and sex did not affect to the RT responses. Fourteen percent and 12% of the subjects were defined as high responders (>1 standard deviation (SD) from the group mean) for the RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength, respectively. When taking into account the results of non-training controls (upper 95% CI), 29 and 7% of the subjects were defined as low responders for the RT-induced changes in muscle size and strength, respectively. The muscle size and strength responses varied extensively between the subjects regardless of subject's age and sex. Whether these changes are associated with, e.g., functional capacity and metabolic health improvements due to RT requires further studies.

Seroprevalence of erythrovirus B19 in Saudi pregnant women.

Background:Erythrovirus B19 infection is associated with clinical symptoms that range from mild to severe. The common clinical presentation of B19 virus (B19V) infection is erythema infectiosum, arthropathy, aplastic crisis, and fetal infection. Infection in seronegative pregnant women can lead to fetal hydrops.Objectives:To determine the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) to erythrovirus B19 in Saudi pregnant women in the cities of Makkah and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.Materials and Methods:A total of 364 blood (serum) samples were tested for erythrovirus B19-specific-IgG antibody in Saudi pregnant women in the cities of Makkah and Jeddah in Saudi Arabia.Results:Erythrovirus B19-specific-IgG antibodies were detected in 182/364 (50%) of Saudi pregnant women of different age groups.Conclusion:This study indicated that B19V is clearly circulating in the community in a way that is similar to what is found in most nontemperate countries.

WHOLE BODY AND REGIONAL BONE MINERAL CONTENT AND DENSITY IN WOMEN AGED 20-75 YEARS.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) allows measurement of whole body (WB) and regional bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD). To measure WB and regional bone area, BMC and BMD (arms, legs, ribs and pelvis) in women of different ages. 140 women participated (age range 20-75 yrs). Three subgroups were built: 20-44 yr (30 premenopausal women), 45-59 (80 women), and 60-75 (30 women). WB DXA was performed on a Hologic QDR 4500 A bone densitometer (Hologic Inc., Bedford MA). WB BMD T-scores were calculated by using the manufacturer-provided and the NHANES 1999-2004 reference databases, while the WB BMC Z-scores - based on the latter. Statistical analysis was performed on an IBM SPSS Statistics 19.0 for Windows platform (Chicago, IL). WB BMC and BMD Z-scores were consistently lower than the reference databases showing a difference of about 0.4 - 0.5 SD. The arms, legs and ribs lost more BMC after the age of 50-55, while the pelvis - much earlier. The total decreases in BMC were highest in the pelvis (26.36 %), followed by the arms (16.81 %) and whole body (15.91 %), while the bone area decreased mostly in the pelvis (13.23 %). The age-related declines in regional BMC, bone areas and BMD follow different patterns in appendicular and axial bones.

Study of Torch Outcome on Pregnancy and Fetus in Women with Bod in Duhok Province – Kurdistan Region – Iraq

This study included the distribution of TORCH (T. gondii, Rubella, CMV, and HSV- 2) infections among 276 pregnant women of different ages (18 – 45 years), 184 with Bad Obstetric History (BOH) and 92 with normal obstetric history. All cases were examined serologically by ELISA for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies against TORCH pathogens. The seropositivity of TORCH infections was significantly higher in women with BOH than those of normal pregnant women with previous normal full term deliveries. As out of 184 pregnant women with BOH, the seropositivity for anti IgG and IgM for T. gondii, CMV, Rubella and HSV-2 were 66 (35.9%) and 6 (3.3%), 159 (86.4%) and 29 (15.8%), 108 (58.7%) and 3 (1.6%) and 104 (56.5%) and 20 (10.9%), respectively. Out of 92 examined normal pregnant women, the seropositivity for anti IgG and IgM for T. gondii, CMV, Rubella and HSV-2 were 38 (41.3%) and one case (1.1%) ,79 (85.9%) and 5 (5.4%), 43 (46.7%),1 (1.1%), and48 (52.2%) and 4 (4.3%), respectively. Regarding age, young ages (25-31 years) showed higher rates of seropositivity, for T.gondii, CMV and HSV-2 which was 57.1% (105/184) than older ages(39-45 years) in which it was only 1.1% (2/184).except Rubella which showed high seropositivity among all ages. Regarding occupation, housewives showed higher seropositivity(74.3%) than employed women (40.2%). With respect to period of gestation, for all agents high infection rates (45.7%) occurred during the first trimester of pregnancy and the lowest(12.5%) was recorded in third trimester stages.

АБСОРБЦИОМЕТРИЧЕСКАЯ ОЦЕНКА НЕКОТОРЫХ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННЫХ И КАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК КОСТНОЙ ТКАНИ ПРИ СНИЖЕНИИ МИНЕРАЛЬНОЙ ПЛОТНОСТИ КОСТИ

Aim. To study the characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bone mineral density in women. Materials and methods. Quantitative computed tomography with additional quantitative and qualitative assessments was performed in 127 women of different ages without clinical signs of osteoporosis. Results. We had calculated the size and the ratio of cortical bone and spongy tissue at the lumbar vertebrae considering the density range characterized as the maximum and minimum of mineralized areas that represent not only quantitative but also qualitative state of the bone tissue. Conclusions. The obtained data can be used to assess the changes in the quality of bone in osteoporosis and osteopenia.

ABSORPTIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF SOME QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF BONE TISSUE STATUS ASSESSED BY A QUANTITATIVE COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN WOMEN OF DIFFERENT AGES

Aim. To study the characteristics of the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of bone mineral density in women. Materials and methods. Quantitative computed tomography with additional quantitative and qualitative assessments was performed in 127 women of different ages without clinical signs of osteoporosis. Results. We had calculated the size and the ratio of cortical bone and spongy tissue at the lumbar vertebrae considering the density range characterized as the maximum and minimum of mineralized areas that represent not only quantitative but also qualitative state of the bone tissue. Conclusions. The obtained data can be used to assess the changes in the quality of bone in osteoporosis and osteopenia.

Next generation sequencing for preimplantation genetic testing of blastocysts aneuploidies in women of different ages.

Most of the current preimplantation genetic screening of aneuploidies tests are based on the low quality and low density comparative genomic hybridization arrays. The results are based on fewer than 2,700 probes. Our main outcome was the association of aneuploidy rates and the women's age. Between August-December 2013, 198 blastocysts from women (mean age 36.3+-4.6) undergoing in vitro fertilization underwent routine trophectoderm biopsy. NGS was performed on Ion Torrent PGM (Life Technologies). The results were analyzed in five age groups (<31, 31-35, 36-38, 39-40 and >40). 85 blastocysts were normal according to NGS results. The results in the investigated groups were (% of normal blastocyst in each group): <31 (41.9%), 31-35 (47.6%), 36-38 (47.8%), 39-40 (37.7%) and >40 (38.5%). Our study suggests that NGS PGD is applicable for routine preimplantation genetic testing. It allows also for easy customization of the procedure for each individual patient making personalized diagnostics a reality.

Analysis of the complementary measurement of nasogenian wrinkles using Radiocef 2.0® software in the evaluation of facial chronoaging among women of different age groups

Objective : To evaluate the facial aging of women of different ages using a software program to assist in the classification of wrinkles and sagging in the nasogenian region. Method : A descriptive observational study of 100 female volunteers was performed. The women were aged between 20 and 70 years old and were sorted by age group into five groups of 20 volunteers each. The instruments used were the Facial Assessment Protocol, a cephalostat for the standardization of photos, a 14.1 megapixel Sony digital camera, and the Radiocef 2.0® software program. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test was used for confirmation of normality and all data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc analysis. The Chi-squared and Pearson's correlation tests were also performed. A significance level of 5% and a p value of ≤0.05 were adopted. Results : It was observed that all age groups had wrinkles in the nasolabial fold region. There was an association between age and the Goglau, Lapiere and Pierard scale. This incidence increased progressively with aging. A moderate correlation (r=0.67) was observed between age and distance from the nasolabial folds, while angle represented only a weak correlation (r=0.3), with the most significant age group that with the shortest distance and the widest angle. Conclusion : The present study demonstrated the importance of the Radiocef 2.0® software program in providing a more detailed analysis of the nasolabial folds. It is therefore a complementary assessment to the Facial Assessment Protocol, representing a research protocol for identifying the effectiveness of treatments and improving the evaluative procedure.

Comparação do equilíbrio postural entre grupos de mulheres com diferentes faixas etárias

Aging impairs the ability of the central nervous system (CNS) to perform the processing of signals from the sensory systems, which are responsible for maintaining the body balance, reducing the capacity of modifying adaptive reflexes. This study aimed to compare the postural balance among women of different age ranges. A total of 60 women participated in the study: 20 from the young group (YG), 20 from the adult group (AG) and 20 from the elderly group (EG). Center of pressure (COP) data were collected using a force plate AMTI OR6-6. The variables analyzed were the range of anteroposterior (COPap) and medial-lateral (COPml) displacement of COP. Three tries with eyes open (EO) and three tries with eyes closed (EC), lasting 30 seconds for each one, were performed. The results show statistically significant differences in COPml with EO between YG and EG (p=0.10). No statistically significant differences were found in the COPap variable. We conclude that there is an increased postural sway in the elderly in this study compared to young women.

RELATIONSHIP OF SLEEP-DISORDERED BREATHING, EMOTIONAL COMPLAINTS AND ANTROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS (THE RESULTS OF SCREENING SURVEY AMONG SAINT-PETERSBURG CITIZENS)

Aim. To assess the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), their relation to emotional complaints, antropometric measures and life-style factors in representative cohort of a large city inhabitants (Saint-Petersburg). Material and methods. Using structured interview and antropometric methods we studied 358 citizens of Saint-Petersburg at the age of 21-68 y.o. The presence/absence of the following were evaluated: dyssomnias, SDB (snore, breathing pauses), emotional complaints, body mass index, life-style characteristics. 21,5% of respondents could not respond definitely about the sleep breathing quality, of those mostly women (25,9% vs 14,2%; p<0,05). Finally we analyzed 281 respondents 115 men and 166 women. Results. Regular snore do confirm 29,6% men and 22,9% women. Proportional increase of snoring with the age was found only in women (r=0,21; p<0,01). Apnea episodes are reported by 14,3% respondents. Clear differences by this parameter in men and women in different ages are not found. Not depending on gender and age the snore prevalence was related to obesity markers: body mass index (r=0,26; p<0,001) and waist circumference (r=0,24; p<0,001). There was no relationship of apnea prevalence and obesity markers. There was connection between snore prevalence with sleepiness level (r=0,21, p=0,001), emotional tension (r=0,24, p<0,001) and despondency (r=0,20, p<0,01), prevalence of bruxism (r=0,18, p<0,01) and awake with the feeling of suffocation/ heaviness in the chest (r=0,17, p<0,01). Apnea prevalence correlated with typicality of fatigue after night sleep (r=0,16, p<0,01), awake with the feeling of suffocation / heaviness in the chest (r=0,17, p<0,01), and with bruxism prevalence (r=0,16, p =0,01). There was no clear evidence of SDB with lifestyle connections. Conclusion. Every fourth adult of Saint-Petersburg shows the signs of SDB, which are linked with overall sleep quality decrease, dyssomnias and emotional complaints, and with obesity values.

Presence of gastrointestinal parasites in swine and human of four swine production farms in Cundinamarca- Colombia

ABSTRACT Objectives. Determine the presence and the type of endoparasites with zoonotic potential in swine and human of two technified and two semi-technified farms in the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia. Materials and methods. Three serial samplings of feces were taken in a pen row within intervals of 15 days, in two technified and two semi-technified farms in different age groups distributed as follows: pregnant-sows, nursing-females, boars, weaners, suckling-piglets, and growing-pig. By means of informed consent thirty-three people agreed to enter the study. Thirty-three samples from men and women of different ages were received. The pool and individual samples of fecal were evaluated by direct analysis, qualitative flotation and sedimentation techniques and modified Ziehl- Neelsen stain. Results. For the porcine population, on the average, the results obtained from both technified farms showed that Balantidium coli (42%), Endolimax nana (21.9%) and Iodamoeba bütschlii (7.8%) were the most common parasites. In semi-technified farms they were: Entamoeba coli (40%), Endolimax nana (35%), Iodamoeba bütschlii (25%) and Balantidium coli (5%). By means of the test chi2 it is possible to conclude that there is a significant difference between the parasites species and the type of farm. The results obtained in human showed the presence of parasites as: E. coli (42.2%), Entamoeba hystolitica/dispar (12.1%), E. nana (9.1%), B. coli (9.1%), I. bütschlii (3.0%) and Blastocystis hominis (3.0%). Conclusions. The presence of parasites such as Balantidium coli, Endolimax nana, Iodamoeba bütschlii and Entamoeba coli in swine and human suggests a possible rotation of parasitic species between hosts.

Gender differences in quality of care experiences during hospital stay: A contribution to patient-centered healthcare for both men and women

ObjectivesStudies demonstrate that there are important gender differences in perceptions of medicinal care. Our aim is to investigate whether there are also gender differences in patients’quality of care experiences during their hospital stay. MethodsIn a cross-sectional survey, patients who were admitted to a university hospital were invited to complete a questionnaire. Answers were compared between men and women of different ages, education levels, and health assessments, using the independent t-test. A linear regression model was performed to investigate the relationship between patient characteristics and hospital assessments Results4169 questionnaires were sent (41.8% returned). Women rated the hospital significantly (P=0.007) lower than men, especially higher educated women and women between the ages of 18 and 44 years. Behaviors of nurses were perceived to be unsatisfactory by significantly more female patients than male patients (P=0.016). One in six women wanted more privacy compared with one in ten men (P<0.001), and ten percent more women suffered from pain (P<0.001). ConclusionWomen, particularly those higher educated and between 45 and 64 years of age, assess hospital care significantly lower than men. Implications for practiceTo optimize patients’ assessments of hospital care, women require more gender-sensitive nursing care, more privacy, and better pain management than they receive at present.

Una aproximación exploratoria a la violencia contra la mujer en el Estado de Maranhão (Brasil): ¿debe cambiar la Ley Maria da Penha?

This paper begins with a brief review of the current situation of violence against women in Brazilian context, focusing more in the Northeast and in the State of Maranhao. For this we will make a slight reference to studies and research on violence against women. Then we review the legislation on gender violence in particular No. 11,340 / 2006 and Law Maria da Penha Law, making a criticism of its use and failure to adapt to the realities of Brazilian society. In order to contrast the data analyzed in the reviewed studies and analysis of the scientific literature, we proceeded to perform, from a qualitative approach, an exploratory approach to the reality of violence against women in Maranhao. To that end, using qualitative techniques were carried out 12 in-depth interviews to women of different ages and socio-economic status. Two in-depth interviews with key informants –a Judge of the Tercera Vara Especial de Combate a Violencia Domestica e Familiar Contra a Mulher of the city of Sao Luis do Maranhao and prosecuted for domestic violence in rehabilitation man. A discussion group with 7 graduates and lawyers was also performed. In addition to participatory-indirect observation in the streets of the city of Sao Luis do Maranhao, recording the analysis in a field diary for a week.

The Needs and Priorities of Women in the UAE: Identifying Struggles and Enhancing Satisfaction of Employment, Education, Health Care, and Rights

This study focuses on the needs and priorities of local women in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). A face-to-face questionnaire was conducted with 981 local women in the Abu Dhabi region, focusing on women’s knowledge and perceptions of the services provided by the Government of Abu Dhabi. The research has implications for the following areas: education, health services, the labor market, housing, and social security. The sample includes a diverse population of local women of different ages, educational backgrounds, and professions. The aim of the research is to investigate the needs and determine the level of satisfaction of employment, education, health care, and rights among UAE women. This study finds that the government provides high-quality services for adult-continuing education and vocational training and women are keenly aware that nationals of both genders should be given equal employment opportunities in the public sector and that if the government wants to encourage women to work while still keeping Emirati fertility rates high, it must enact more flexible and favorable labor laws to ensure protection of workers’ rights.

Distribution of iron status among urban Chinese women.

To assess the distribution of serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor and body iron among girls and women by age and anaemia. Serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor and high sensitive C-reactive protein of 1625 and 1372 women in general and anaemic were measured in the National Health and Nutrition Survey commenced in 2010. The distributions of serum ferritin, serum soluble transferrin receptor and body iron for 6-11-y, 12-17-y, 18-44-y, 45-59-y and >=60-y subgroups were significantly different. Both in population-representative women and those anaemic, the iron status of 18-44-y women was the lowest and that of 12-17-y girls the second lowest. The iron status of anaemic women was lower than that in representative women at ages 12-17 y, 18-44 y, 45-59 y and >=60 y. Iron status in women of different ages and anaemic had different distributions, but consistently lower than that of population-representative women. The observed iron status of Chinese urban women supports program planning for iron nutrition promotion in women. Iron status information is also needed for men and to understand the pathogenesis which may be related to intake or loss.

The effect of food with different glycaemic index on the blood glucose level

Blood glucose levels are affected by many factors including the type of foods consumed, processing technology and cooking method. Hormone insulin lowers blood glucose to its constant level, while glucagon, growth hormone, adrenalin and glucocorticoids have the opposite effect. High steepness of the blood glucose level rise after meals may be unfavourable for the organism. Sugars are transferred into the blood at different speeds according to the type of food. Therefore the aim of this study was to confirm experimentally the effect of food on blood glucose levels in men and women of different ages. Two types of low, medium and high-glycaemic index (GI) foods were given to 4 men and 4 women of different age (from 35 to 65 years). All volunteers were healthy, slightly overweight, and without any regular sporting activity. None of them had any idea about their daily carbohydrates consumption and what the term glycaemic index meant. The volunteers came to the GI determination fasted in the morning. Their rise in blood glucose level was monitored by glucometer before the meal and after 1 and 2 hours of the consumption of baked potatoes (GI 85), white bread bun (GI 70), boiled potatoes (GI 64), rye bread (GI 62), potato dumplings (GI 52) and white cooked spaghetti (GI 41). Fasting blood sugar levels of volunteers highly depended on their age (p &lt;0.0001) and gender (p &lt;0.0001). The blood glucose values increased with age and were higher in men than in women. Significant influence of food GI on blood glucose levels in both men and women in all the age categories was observed (p &lt;0.0001). An interaction between age and gender was also statistically highly significant (p &lt;0.0001). One hour after consuming food the blood glucose values were significantly different from the values of fasting (p = 0.0035). The differences of these values did not depend on the age (p = 0.0574) and sex (p = 0.8256) of volunteers, but there was a significant difference on the GI value of food (p &lt;0.0001). Significant interactions were also found in case of sex*age (p = 0.0002), age*GI (p &lt;0.0001) and age*sex*GI (p &lt;0.0001). Medium correlation was found between the GI values of food and the rise of blood glucose levels after 1 h (r = 0.6468). After the consumption of high-GI foods the values of glycaemia did not returned to their fasting levels even after 2 hours. There was still significant difference (p = 0.0032), but the values after 2 h were also statistically different from those after 1 hour (p &lt;0.0001). The response to a particular type of consumed food depended on age (p = 0.0018) and especially the GI of foods.