Women In Age Group Research Articles

Knowledge of Pap smear test among reproductive age group women of Kathmandu, Nepal

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumor of the lowermost part of the uterus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. Globally, it is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women after cancers of the breast, lungs, stomach and colorectal in developing countries. About 80% of new incidences of cervical cancer occur in developing countries, usually, with less comprehensive cervical cancer prevention programs. The objective of the study is to assess the level of knowledge on cervical cancer and Pap smear tests among Reproductive age group women. A descriptive study was conducted in Gokarneshwor-8, Kathmandu community on 105 respondents through non-probability purposive sampling techniques and data was collected using interviewers administered questionnaires. Out of 105 respondents, a majority (64%) respondents had adequate knowledge of cervical cancer and Pap smear tests, while 36% had inadequate knowledge. This study concluded that the majority of respondents had adequate knowledge of Pap smear tests while only thirty-six percent had inadequate knowledge. Though there is adequate knowledge, only a few respondents had ever done a Pap smear test. Still, there are existing gaps that need more education to connect knowledge with attitudes as well as to uplift the regular practice of cervical cancer screening for eligible women.

Annual numbers of diagnoses and medical expenses for obstetric diseases in Japan: A report from the National Database of Health Insurance Claims.

The present study aimed to estimate the total numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed, total amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases, their averages per livebirth, and yearly trends in Japan. This is a secondary analysis of the National Database of Health Insurance Claims and Specific Health Checkups of Japan (NDB) (data from 2015 to 2019). The target population was women of reproductive age (15-49 years old) with diseases in pregnancy, childbirth, and the puerperium, defined by having O codes according to the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision. We calculated the numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed, amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases marked with the "main injury/disease decision flag," and the totals divided by the annual numbers of livebirths, by year and women's age group. From 2015 to 2019, both the numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed and amounts of medical expenses claimed for obstetric diseases per livebirth were on an upward trend, whereas the total numbers of obstetric diseases diagnosed were decreased. Women in advanced age groups had a higher number of diagnoses and a higher amount of medical expenses for obstetric diseases per livebirth. "Preterm labour without delivery" had the highest amounts of medical expenses claimed for and the second highest numbers of diagnoses throughout the study period. This study suggests that pregnant women in Japan would have an increasing number of obstetric complications and necessary medical expenses year by year. Further study is warranted to elucidate these trends and identify possible mitigation measures.

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and metabolic related indicators in Mianzhu, Sichuan, China.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide. Periodic surveys are essential for monitoring the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors. We assessed the prevalence of CKD and its risk factors in Mianzhu City in 2020. The Natural Population Cohort Study surveyed 7,770 individuals aged>20 years in Mianzhu City of Sichuan province in 2020. Our investigation encompassed the measurement of CKD prevalence, the evaluation of various renal function indicators, and comparisons based on age, gender, and hukou status. Additionally, some metabolic indices were also measured to identify the underlying causes of CKD. (1) Overall, the prevalence of reduced renal function (eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73m2), albuminuria, and CKD were 1.3, 10.0, and 10.4%, respectively, (2) the overall prevalence of CKD was higher among men than among women (14.5% vs. 8.6%). Similarly, the prevalence of CKD was higher among men than women in most age groups, (3) among urban residents, the prevalence of CKD was higher among middle-aged individuals and lower among young individuals and older adults, and (4) considering eGFR, the albuminuria and CKD for group definition, Blood pressure, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, blood sugar, and BMI were all statistically different among between normal groups and abnormal groups s in the albuminuria and CKD. The incidence of CKD greatly varied between Mianzhu City and other regions in China and other countries. The differences in risk factors of CKD should be explored in the future. The gender difference in the prevalence of CKD in this study was markedly different from that in previous studies. More high-quality studies are needed to further explore this controversy. Based on the different prevalence of CKD and metabolism-related indices in rural and urban areas in this study, we speculated that the high incidence of CKD in Mianzhu City might be related to diet, lifestyle, and availability of healthcare services.

A rare enterouterine fistula between uterine leiomyoma and sigmoid colon in a nulliparous woman: a case report

BackgroundThe commonest benign neoplasm encountered in women of reproductive age group is uterine leiomyoma which usually presents with abnormal uterine bleeding, chronic pelvic pain, urinary disturbances, urinary retention, constipation, and dyspareunia. Uterine leiomyoma presenting with bowel fistulization is a rare presentation. To our knowledge and based on a thorough literature search, no previous reports of uterine leiomyoma showing spontaneous fistulous communication with the sigmoid colon have been reported.Case presentationA nulliparous woman in her early 30s presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, pus discharge from the vagina, and difficulty in respiration. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT), a large heterogeneously enhancing mass was seen in the rectouterine space showing air-fluid levels, with a fistulous communication with the adjacent sigmoid colon. Histopathological examination proved the lesion to be a uterine leiomyoma.ConclusionThe chance of fistulization with the bowel should be considered whenever a uterine mass with an air-fluid level is encountered.

A CASE REPORT ON THE ROLE OF CHANDANA AND TRIPHALA IN MUKHADUSHIKA

Introduction Mukhadushika(Pimples) is a prevalent problem among youngsters nowadays. However, teenagers and women of various age groups also need help with the same situation. This issue can be linked to a poor digestive system or improper food habits and lifestyle, leading to the accumulation of doshas in the body. Tvak(skin), being an Upadhatu of Rasa, becomes an excellent platform for expressing Dushyas in Mukha pidakas.

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients Infected with COVID‐19: A Case Series

Introduction: Maternal mortality is a critical event. Maternal mortality rates over the last century had reduced significantly, at least until the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed three pregnant women who succumbed to severe COVID-19. Results: Despite trying all available known therapies for COVID-19 at the time they presented, such as remdesivir, favipravir, steroid, hydroxychloroquine, pegylated interferon, N-acetyl cysteine, anticoagulants, prone positioning, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and early delivery by cesarean, these young women in the reproductive age group could not be saved. Pregnancy was the factor that aggravated COVID-19 pneumonia. Although the patients were given extensive multidisciplinary care, they were not able to survive. However, all three neonates were delivered alive. Conclusion: Three cases of catastrophic fatal maternal outcomes occurred due to severe COVID-19 pneumonia, even though all available treatments were provided.

Differences in characteristics and use of complementary and alternative methods for coping with endometriosis-associated acyclic pelvic pain across adolescence and adulthood.

Over four million women in the US alone have been diagnosed with endometriosis. For those living with this disease, surgery and hormonal treatment reduce associated pelvic pain in some, while others continue to experience life impacting pain. Therefore, identification of accessible and cost-effective methods of pain reduction to compliment current treatment is urgently needed. Our objective was to quantify the prevalence of complementary and alternative methods used to manage acyclic pelvic pain and their reported benefit among women of different age groups living with endometriosis. We used baseline questionnaire data from laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis cases who completed a WERF EPHect compliant questionnaire in the longitudinal cohort of The Women's Health Study: From Adolescence to Adulthood (A2A). Participants with acyclic pelvic pain were asked to indicate specific methods or activities that either helped or worsened their pelvic/lower abdominal pain. Differences among age groups [adolescent (<18 years), young adult (18-25 years), and adult (>25 years)] were assessed using Fisher's exact test. Of the 357 participants included in analysis, sleep for coping was reported more frequently among adolescents (n = 59, 57.3%) compared to young adults (n = 40, 44.0%) and adults (n = 19, 31.1%; p = 0.004). Adolescents also reported more frequent use of music (n = 29, 21.2%) than young adults (n = 10, 7.0%) and adults (n = 7, 9.1%; p = 0.001). Exercise worsened pain most commonly among adolescents (n = 82, 59.9%), followed by younger adults (n = 67, 46.9%), and adults (n = 27, 35.1%; p = 0.002). Our analysis of participants in the A2A cohort showed that the prevalence of complementary and alternative methods used for coping with endometriosis-associated acyclic pelvic pain varied by age group. Future studies should aim to provide information that will further inform decisions in making care plans for managing endometriosis-associated pain that is effective, accessible, and tailored to the preferences of the patient.

Unusual Clinicopathological Presentations of Mature Cystic Teratoma: A case series

Mature cystic teratomas also known as dermoid cyst are one of the most common benign tumors of the ovary.It is usually seen in young women in the reproductive age group. It comprises of mature elements derived fromall the three germ layers. In this case series we reported a series of 4 cases of mature cystic teratoma of the ovarywith uncommon clinicopathological presentations. First case was a rare entity of melanocytic nevus arising froma mature cystic teratoma. Second case was adipocyte rich teratoma, an uncommon lipomatous lesion of the ovary.Third case was rupture of dermoid cyst presenting as acute abdomen. Fourth case was mature cystic teratoma ina post-menopausal woman. To conclude, though dermoid cysts after surgical removal have an uneventful clinicalcourse, extensive sampling of the specimen for histopathological study should be done to identify rare pathologieswhich bears a clinical significance.

Morbidity Pattern Amongst Women of Reproductive Age Group (15-44 Years) Residing in Rural and Urban Field Practice Areas of Government Medical College, Amritsar: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Health of a woman in the family is far more important because whole family revolves around her.Any deviation from the state of normal physical, mental and social well being is morbidity and the morbidity inwomen at any stage of the life cycle , more so during reproductive age group, adversely affects the quality of life ofher own as well as that of whole family. It creates hinderances in the overall development at the individual leveland that of the nation as well.Objectives: To assess the morbidity pattern of women in reproductive age group (15-44 years).Material and methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted on the females of reproductive age group (15-44years) in rural and urban field practice areas of Government Medical College, Amritsar from 1st March 2021 to28th Feb. 2022. Sample size was calculated using formula N ≥ Z 2 × P × (1-P) / d2 . A pre-tested, semi structuredquestionnaire was used for collection of the required data.Participants: All females in the age group of 15-44 years who gave a consent to participate in the study wereselected. Any female with any congenital disease / malformation / intellectual disability, pregnant female andfemales who failed to give written informed consent / not willing for participation in the study were excluded.Results: Out of 330 study participants, 146 (44.2%) had one or more types of morbidities at the time ofstudy. The majority (95%) of these morbidities were chronic in nature while a small proportion i.e. 5% were acute.The system involved in multiple morbidities was reproductive and gynaecological system in majority (43.8%) ofstudy participants which was followed by cardiovascular system (9.6%), musculoskeletal system (9.3%), centralnervous system (4.2%), metabolic, ENT and urinary system (3.9% each), gastrointestinal system (3.3%), skin (2.4%)and respiratory system (2.1%).Conclusions: The pattern of morbidity in females of reproductive age group turned out to be Reproductive andGynecological inclusive of menstrual disturbances, PID, fibroid, RTIs, STIs, vaginal discharge etc. followed bycardiovascular system (9.6%), musculoskeletal system (9.3%), central nervous system (4.2%), metabolic, ENT andurinary system (3.9% each), gastrointestinal system (3.3%), skin (2.4%) and respiratory system (2.1%).

Characteristics and correlation of body fat distribution and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity in adults aged 20–59 years: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundFat distribution is closely related to vascular stiffness. This study aimed to investigate age and sex differences in fat distribution and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and the association between fat parameters and baPWV.MethodsA total of 10,811 participants aged 20–59 years were recruited. Measures included waist and hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat (PBF), subcutaneous fat area (SFA), visceral fat area (VFA), and baPWV.ResultsThe results confirm that fat accumulates with age and that men tend to carry more abdominal fat than women in the same age group. The findings also indicate that baPWV increases with age and is significantly higher in men than in women in the same age group. In addition, WHR, VFA, and baPWV were more strongly correlated than baPWV and BMI, SFA, and PBF. Finally, the effects of age, PBF, WHR, and VFA on baPWV were greater for the higher quantiles.ConclusionsThere are age and sex differences in fat distribution and baPWV. Abdominal obesity is more closely linked to arterial stiffness than overall obesity, and people with higher baPWV are more affected by obesity parameters.

Prevalence and Barriers of Menstrual Hygiene Practices among Women of Reproductive Age Group in Rural Field Practice Areas of a Tertiary Care Center in Rishikesh.

Menstruation is a natural, physiological process experienced by all adolescent girls and women. The reproductive age group is the largest and most susceptible to various health and illness-related risk factors. This study aims to find the prevalence of satisfactory menstrual hygiene management (MHM) among women of reproductive age group and we also want to explore the cultural practices and beliefs related to menstruation and barriers to satisfactory MHM. This study was conducted in rural field practice areas of Department of Community and Family Medicine, AIIMS, Rishikesh including 271 participants; women of reproductive age group using a mixed method study design (sequential quan-qual). Quantitative data were collected by household surveys and government schools using a validated structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data. Focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted to have insights about understanding menstrual hygiene and barriers to satisfactory hygiene practices. It was found that only 70 (29.6%) participants adhered to satisfactory menstrual hygiene practices. The age group of 20-24 years had a higher proportion compared to other groups. Through FGD, the main themes derived were practices related to menstruation (maintenance of personal hygiene), daily activities (physical and mental problems during menses), and barriers faced (cultural, economic, privacy concerns, and shyness). The prevalence of satisfactory menstrual hygiene practices was very low only 29.6%, which is a cause of concern; either Taboos associated with menstruation, socio-cultural, economic barriers, or lack of awareness related to menstrual hygiene in the community can be contributing factors for low prevalence.

Экспериментальное исследование региональных особенностей занятости женщин старших возрастов на цифровых трудовых платформах: кейс Республики Башкортостан

The article studies the peculiarities of the involvement of women of older age groups (45+) in platform employment. The aim of the research presented in the article is to study platform employment, which has become an integral part of the modern labor market and analyze the possibility of solving urgent employment problems for women of older age groups. The study was carried out on the data of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which allows us to consider the regional peculiarities of the involvement of women aged 45+ in platform employment. The research method is an experiment based on the application of the resume test method, which allows obtaining an objective and reliable assessment of employers’ perception of women of older age groups as potential employees. The study highlights the most popular professions for women’s platform employment. The most visited Russian online employment platforms were assessed; criteria of employers (customers) in the Republic of Bashkortostan of service providers on the online platform was analyzed. Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that there is a positive possibility of increasing women’s employment through employment through digital labor platforms that contribute to reducing negative age stereotypes, but only in sectors of the economy with an established system of social roles that play a value-based trust role in choosing a candidate.

Chronic renal insufficiency can cause early anemia: A cross-sectional study

Background: Chronic renal insufficiency has emerged as a global health issue, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Anybody can develop anemia but it is very common in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal anemia develops as a result of CKD, and its prevalence rises as the disease progresses. The WHO defines anemia as a hemoglobin level &lt;13 gm/dl for males as well as women in the post-menopausal age group and ˂12 gm/dl for women in the pre-menopausal age group. Aim and Objectives: This study was done to assess whether a correlation exists between the grades of anemia and various stages of chronic renal insufficiency. Materials and Methods: The authors conducted a cross-sectional study involving 145 subjects with diabetes mellitus and CKD. The primary aim was to investigate the various grades of anemia in different stages of CKD patients. We classified the CKD patients into 5 stages based on GFR rates, as defined by guidelines of the national kidney foundation. Results: This study shows that out of 145 subjects having diabetic nephropathy with CKD, 59 subjects had mild anemia, 60 subjects had moderate anemia, and 26 subjects had severe anemia. Data were analyzed using the SPSS 16.0 version. The qualitative results were presented in frequency, percentages, and graphs. Baseline characteristic cases were compared with grades of anemia. For the correlation between two variables, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients were applied. The majority of patients with Grade 2 and Grade 3 CKD had mildto-moderate grades of anemia which worsened as the stage of CKD progressed and came out to be highly significant. Conclusion: This study concludes that anemia is a consistent finding in patients of CKD; the severity of anemia progresses as the kidney function is compromised.

Type 2 diabetes severity in the workforce: An occupational sector analysis using German claims data.

Individuals of working age spend a significant amount of time at the workplace making it an important context for disease prevention and management. The temporal development and prevalence of T2D have been shown to differ in the working population based on gender, age group and occupational sector regardless of socioeconomic status. Given potential differences in risk factors associated with different work environments, this study aims to define vulnerable occupational groups by examining T2D severity and its trends in working men and women with T2D of two age groups and among nine occupational sectors. The study is based on claims data of the statutory health insurance provider AOKN. The study population consisted of all insured working individuals with T2D. T2D severity was measured using the adapted diabetes complications severity index-complication count (DCSI-CC). Mean DCSI-CC scores were calculated over four time periods between 2012 and 2019 for men and women of the age groups 18-45 and 46+ years and among nine occupational sectors. Trends of DCSI-CC were investigated using ordinal logistic regression analyses to examine the effect of time-period on the odds of having higher DCSI scores. Overall, there was a significant rise in T2D severity over time in working men and women of the older age group. Moreover, the study displayed occupational sector differences in T2D severity and its trends. Over all, working men of all sectors had higher DCSI-CC scores compared to working women. Individuals working in the sector "Transport, logistics, protection and security" and "Construction, architecture, measuring and building technology" had higher T2D severity, while those working in the "Health sector, social work, teaching & education" had relatively lower T2D severity. There was a gender-specific significant increase over time in T2D severity in the above-mentioned occupational sectors. The study displayed gender, age group and occupational sector differences in T2D severity and its trends. Working individuals could thus benefit from personalized prevention interventions that consider occupational contexts. As a next step, examining T2D trends and severity in specific occupations within the vulnerable occupational sectors is needed.

Характеристика полисинаптической рефлекторной возбудимости ствола головного мозга у больных с экзогенно-конституциональным ожирением

The purpose — to study the characteristics of polysynaptic reflex excitability of the brain stem based on an electroneuromyographic research of the blink reflex in patients with exogenous constitutional obesity (ECO). Material and methods. 288 women (mean age 37.5 (2.8) years) with ECO and 45 healthy women of the same age group were examined. All patients underwent a clinical and anthropometric examination, including quantitative indicators of body size and weight and electroneuromyographic study of the blink reflex (BR). Results. The anthropometric study revealed the presence of two variants of fat deposition topography — android (AT) and gynoid (GT) types. The ratio of ECO-AT and ECO-GT in this sample was 41.28% and 58.72%, respectively. Patients with ECO-GT showed a significant increase in the duration of the R2 component of the BR (44.1 (1.5) ms) (p &lt;0.01), a reduction in its latency (35.5 (0.8) ms) (p &lt; 0.05) and a decrease in the threshold (1.9 (0.1) mA) (p &lt; 0.01) compared to the indicators of healthy subjects. A direct significant correlation was found between the level of polysynaptic reflex excitability and the level of obesity (r = 0.75, p &lt; 0.05). The data obtained characterize the role of a lack of inhibition processes in the central nervous system and a functional deficit of the sensorimotor component in the ECO development mechanisms, with a disorder of autonomic nervous system and behavioural and emotional disorders, including eating behavior. As the degree of obesity increases, as well as with a more unfavorable pathogenetic type of ECO, the severity of changes in polysynaptic reflex excitability of the brain stem also increases. Conclusions. The study of polysynaptic reflex excitability of the brain stem by electroneuromyographic BR testing shows the role of dysfunction of the CNS suprasegmental parts in the ECO development and progression.

Wikinomic Openness as a Space for Preserving Adult Learning Processes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland – A Comparative Analysis of Gender- Generational Differences

The article discusses the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic framed as a disorienting dilemma on adult learning behaviour in Poland, focusing on Wikinomic openness and gender-generational differences. The research used the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method with 1,089 respondents, analysing their educational and developmental activities in virtual spaces. The study verifies with correspondence analysis hypotheses regarding the dependence of activity forms on gender-generational determinants and the choice of online creations. The results show significant differences in using the open space of the Internet to reorganise educational-developmental activities (transformative learning) between men and women in different age groups.

The social hygienic aspects of reproductive behavior of women aged 40-45 years

In the context of forecasted decreasing of natality, actuality of studying its causes for organizational decision-making increases. The purpose of the study was to determine factors affecting reproductive behavior of women aged 40-45 years residing in areas with different natality levels in 2020-2021. The cohort, analytical, sociological methods were applied. The results of study demonstrated that in areas with high natality level most of urban women with higher education and high income resides in conditions of dormitory or mortgage flat and working in profile of their specialty. They are characterized by belated marriage that results in postponed child-bearing. The areas with low natality are characterized by dwelling of rural women with secondary or secondary specialized education. They reside in their own homes and work in other occupations than their specialty. The analysis of social status of women of different age groups will permit more selective approach in developing measures of increasing natality in modern conditions.

Prevalence of anaemia among married women with recent birth history and high-risk fertility behaviour: secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey-India (2019–21)

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence of anaemia among currently married women with high-risk fertility behaviour (HRFB) based on age, parity and birth spacing indicators.DesignCross-sectional study.Settings and participantsFifth round of the National...

Epidemiological characteristics of cardio-metabolic risk factors in women aged 15-49 years in 4 provinces of China in 2018

To analyze the prevalence of cardio-metabolic(CM) risk in women aged 15-49 years in 4 provinces of China and the influence of socioeconomic factors on them. A total of 2851 women aged 15-49 years from Community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Disease in 2018 were selected. Obesity, central obesity, elevated triglyceride(TG), elevated total cholesterol(TC), decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C), elevated blood pressure, elevated blood glucose and risk factor aggregation were analyzed. χ~2 test was used for univariate analysis, multinomial Logit model was used to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic factors and CM risk factors, and Cochran-Armitage trend test was used for trend analysis. The detection rate of CM risk factors in this study from high to low were central obesity(26.76%), overweight(22.41%), pre central obesity(17.47%), decreased HDL-C(15.36%), elevated TG(11.78%), borderline elevated TC(11.40%), borderline elevated TG(11.12%), elevated blood pressure(9.71%) and hypertension(9.12%). The prevalence rates of CM risk factors were different among different age groups, income groups and education levels(P&lt;0.05). In addition to decreased HDL-C, the prevalence of other metabolic risk factors increased with age(P_(trend)&lt;0.05). With the improvement of educational level, the prevalence rates of overweight, obesity, central obesity, central obesity, elevated TG, decreased HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, hypertension, elevated blood pressure and diabetes showed a downward trend(P_(trend)&lt;0.05). Multinomial Logit model showed that the rick of metabolic risk factors in the age group of 40 to 49 years old was higher than that in the younger age group aged 15-29 years, and was more significant in hypertension, elevated blood pressure and elevated blood glucose, which were 8.51 times(95% CI 5.45-13.27), 3.14 times(95%CI 2.20-4.48)and 2.66(95% CI 1.52-4.66)times of the younger age group, respectively. Women with high-income level have a higher risk of borderline elevated TC, elevated TC and borderline elevated LDL-C(OR=1.85, 95% CI 1.44-2.38;OR=2.01, 95% CI 1.25-3.22;OR=2.16, 95% CI 1.61-2.90), but the lower risk of overweight and elevated blood pressure(OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98;OR=0.69, 95% CI 0.50-0.94). The risk of obesity, hypertension and diabetes of people with college degree or above was about 50% lower than those with junior high school education or below(OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.35-0.78;OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.27-0.67; OR=0.52, 95% CI 0.28-0.96). Central obesity, overweight, pre central obesity and HDL-C decrease were prominent CM risk factors in women aged 15-49 years in four provinces of China in 2018. The detection rate of CM risk factors is higher in women of high age group or low education level.

ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЯМИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ БАШКОРТОСТАН. ЧТО ИЗМЕНИЛОСЬ В ТЕЧЕНИЕ 2019-2022 гг.

Significance. Malignant neoplasms remain widespread, ranking second in the structure of total mortality and topping the structure of primary disability. The share of stage IV cancer remains high. The purpose of the study was to analyze the incidence of malignant neoplasms in population of the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2019-2022 and to assess changes in the level and structure of incidence due to the epidemiological situation caused by Covid-19. Material and methods. The study material was data of the form No. 7 “Information on malignant neoplasms” for 2019, 2020, 2021 and 2022. Data on the number of detected malignant neoplasms among men and women in certain age groups, stages of malignant neoplasms at detection and the number of deaths from cancer within one year after diagnosis were uploaded from the reporting form. Results. In 2020, there was a 21.1% decrease in the incidence of malignant neoplasms compared to 2019. In 2021, the incidence of trachea, bronchi, lung, prostate, colon, and kidney cancer significantly decreased in men, while in women there was a reduction in the incidence of breast cancer, skin melanoma, other neoplasms of the skin, cervix, lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues. The incidence rates in men and women in these years hardly differed. Thus, in 2019, the cancer incidence among men equaled to 358.1 cases per 100,000 people, while among women it was 335.9 cases. Analysis of the incidence rates by year showed that by 2020, it decreased to 281.1 cases among men and to 268.2 cases among women. In 2021, the incidence increased to 296.3 and 292.0 cases, respectively, and in 2022 - to 320.3 and 314.6 cases per 100,000 people. At the same time, in the age groups starting from 25-29 up to 55-59 years, the incidence in women was significantly higher than in men (2.0-2.5 times). Conclusion. The decrease in the incidence of malignant neoplasms in 2020, 2021 and in 2022 compared to 2019 is probably due to the spread of Covid-19. The decrease in the detection of cancer of certain localizations may be associated with a decrease in the coverage with preventive medical examinations and care seeking even in the presence of complaints. In connection with these reasons, the share of IV stage cancer increased. The obtained data indicate a possible reduction in medical care delivery for socially significant diseases in case of epidemiological situations.