Women In Spain Research Articles

Prevalence and associated factors of intimate partner violence against pregnant women who attend antenatal care in Denmark and Spain: A digital screening approach.

Intimate partner violence against women is a global health issue. Exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy leads to health-related problems for both the mother and the newborn. However, current knowledge on its occurrence varies widely and assessing the problem using standardized tools in different contexts is needed. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated factors of IPV in pregnant women in Denmark and Spain through digital screening tools. A cross-sectional design was used to systematically screen for intimate partner violence among pregnant women attending antenatal care by using standardized digital screening tools, Woman Abuse Screening Tool and Abuse Assessment Screen. A total of 17 220 pregnant women in Denmark and 2222 pregnant women in Spain were invited to participate. The response rate was high in both countries (77.3% and 92.5%, respectively). Overall, 6.9% (n = 913) and 13.7% (n = 282) screened positive in Denmark and Spain, respectively. Logistic regressions estimated crude and adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals of the relationship between sociodemographic variables and intimate partner violence. In both countries, being unmarried and lacking social support were risk factors of intimate partner violence. Additionally, in Denmark, pregnant women older than 40 years, unemployed or foreign, were at higher risk, while having higher educational levels was a protective factor. In Spain, not having a partner at the time of questionnaire completion and having at least one child prior to the current pregnancy were risk factors of intimate partner violence. Prevalence results and found associated factors contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the occurrence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy in Denmark and Spain, while highlighting the feasibility of digital systematic screening in antenatal settings.

Changes in Alcohol Intake by Educational Level among Older Men and Women in Spain during the 21st Century

Abstract Background and objectives Despite alcohol use being very common in older adults, studies are scarce and suggest alcohol use may be increasing. Furthermore, despite the known relationship between education and alcohol consumption, there is limited evidence of educational differences in older adults. Our objective was to describe trends in alcohol consumption in individuals aged ≥65 by sex and educational level in Spain. Research design and methods 43,157 participants aged ≥65 years were drawn from Spain’s national health surveys between 2001-2020, representing the non-institutionalized population. The outcomes were various measures of self-reported past-year alcohol intake. Age-standardized rates and negative binomial regression models were used to examine trends and differences in alcohol intake by educational level, sex, and period (2001-2009 vs. 2011-2020). Results The average daily alcohol intake and prevalence of heavy average drinking (>20/10 g/day) decreased over time, especially among men, while moderate average drinking remained unchanged or even increased. Alcohol intake increased with increasing educational levels. All drinking measures showed educational inequalities, and these were greater in women than men. The mean amount of drinking showed the greatest inequality, with and adjusted prevalence ratio of 2.6 in women and 1.1 in men between university relative to primary education level. Discussion and implications Alcohol intake in older adults decreased over time in Spain for heavy average drinking and average drinking amount, although not for moderate average drinking. Consumption remains highest among the highest educational levels, which may negatively affect health. Programs addressing alcohol consumption among older adults are needed to minimize alcohol-related harm.

Dance movement psychotherapy for the deconstruction of power and identity in Mexican women in Spain: affective migration

A creative laboratory for Mexican women living in Seville was implemented from the psychodynamic perspective of dance movement therapy (DMT). The principal objective was to create a space for community meetings that would bring about dialogues on topics of interest for the participants. The thematic analysis method was used, observing that migration provides perspective when regarding problems pertaining to the country of origin, which are rooted in the body itself. Thanks to the distancing from cultural references and to the contact with new representations, certain questions and insights arise – regarding the way in which they relate to their body, to themselves, to other women, to the community and to the culture. The analyses show that the participants are in a process of deconstruction regarding power hierarchies, family loyalties, love, self-care, the position of women today; this allows them to make visible their internalised oppression.

Prenatal Telepsychological Intervention for Preventing Anxiety: A Study Protocol.

Background: Anxiety is one of the most frequent disorders during the perinatal stage that is associated with adverse health effects in women and their babies. In spite of this, preventive interventions during this stage are scarce. A long-distance intervention carried out during pregnancy can be an effective and accessible resource to help improve women's emotional state. The objective of this study is to present and assess the effectiveness of a telepsychology cognitive-behavioral preventive intervention during pregnancy to manage anxiety. Methods: A random clinical trial will be carried out among pregnant women in Spain. The psychological intervention will take place via videoconference in seven weekly sessions, lasting one hour each, with groups of 6-8 pregnant women. Study outcomes will be collected via online questionnaires at five points in time: pre-intervention (baseline: t0), post-intervention (baseline: t1), follow-up at 1 month (t2), follow-up at 3 months (t3) and follow-up at 6 months (t4). The control group will receive usual pregnancy care (attendance at pregnancy follow-up consultations and information and answers to frequently asked questions provided by the midwife). Our primary hypothesis is that the intervention will decrease the frequency of women who present anxious symptomatology during pregnancy. The second objective is to analyze the effectiveness of this intervention to prevent depressive symptomatology during pregnancy, as well as postpartum anxiety and depressive symptomatology. The primary outcome measure is the difference in the mean anxiety score between the intervention and control groups assessed by the Edinburgh Depression Scale-Anxiety Subscale (EDS-3A), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Screener (GAD-7) at the end of the intervention and at 1, 3 and 6 months postpartum. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) will be evaluated with the SCID clinical interview at the same time points. The secondary outcome will be determined by using the EPDS at the same time points. Conclusions: The results will determine whether a cognitive behavioral therapy applied via videoconference is well accepted by pregnant women, and if it is effective in preventing anxiety and emotional symptoms during the perinatal stage. If this intervention is an effective and useful resource among pregnant women, it can be implemented as a tool in Spanish healthcare.

Adherence Patterns and Health Outcomes in Spanish Young Women Participating in a Virtual-Guided HIIT Program: Insights from the Randomized Controlled WISE Trial

Background/Objectives. A notable decline in physical activity from late adolescence to early adulthood affects young women especially. This study aimed to investigate adherence to an unsupervised virtual-guided high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise program among young women in Spain. Methods. A total of 106 participants were recruited and randomized to the Women’s Involvement in Steady Exercise (WISE) trial exercise program, administered remotely via a mobile app, and a control group. The primary outcome was adherence measured through daily steps. Secondary variables were patient-reported outcomes of physical activity, quality of sleep, and quality of life, assessed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Health Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ), respectively. The assessments were performed over 6 months, before the intervention (T0), at the halfway of the program (T1), and at the end (T2). Results. Daily steps revealed a decrease from baseline to final assessment in both groups. Secondary outcomes indicated a shift in physical activity levels, showing a transition from low to moderate and high activity perception. While sleep quality deteriorated post-intervention, quality of life showed no changes. Conclusions. The WISE trial highlights the potential and challenges of an unsupervised virtual-guided HIIT program for young women. While an improvement in physical activity levels was noticed, it also led to a decrease in daily steps and poorer sleep quality. These findings suggest a complex relationship between exercise and lifestyle factors, which could potentially have the greatest impact.

Social work research from a gender perspective into intimate partner violence against older women in Spain

ABSTRACT Intimate partner violence against older women is a hidden problem in Spain, which needs the involvement of institutions, professionals and families. This research aimed to shed light on social workers’ practices, and how they propose to perform ethical, efficient social work with older women who have been victims of intimate partner violence. In this descriptive, qualitative and exploratory study, we have compiled the expert voices of various social workers from urban and rural areas of Spain using a questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. The results reveal the role of the family and social workers in early detection, together with the need to provide a more efficient professional response, and to create specific resources and devices to provide comprehensive, individualised solutions for each woman.

Risk Factors and Moderators of Intimate Partner Violence Victimization Versus Perpetration Among Women in Spain.

Bidirectional intimate partner violence (IPV) appears highly prevalent, but the extant literature, which has been dominated by work in North America, has not adequately accounted for how victimization overlaps with perpetration and how potential resources may interact with risk factors. A community sample of Spanish women completed measures of IPV approval, mental health risk factors (psychological distress and problematic substance use), and interpersonal resources (partner and social satisfaction). Using Mplus accounting for victimization and perpetration overlap, findings indicate that greater psychological distress and substance use were associated with IPV perpetration, and lower IPV approval was linked to victimization. Stronger partner satisfaction did not serve a buffering role but rather interacted to increase IPV perpetration; low social support was associated with victimization and exacerbated risk of perpetration.

Chlamydia Trachomatis Prevalence in Asymptomatic Women in Madrid: Study Findings and Their Association with Risk Factors and Mental Health.

Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is a sexually transmitted infection that requires early detection to prevent complications. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of CT among asymptomatic women in Spain and investigate the relationship between CT and risk factors associated with sexual practices, as well as factors such as stress and depression. We found that 3.8% of asymptomatic women tested positive for CT. Our findings suggested that having more than five sexual partners increases the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) by 3.87 times when compared with having fewer partners (p = 0.005, OR: 3.87, 95% CI 1.24-11.65). Additionally, 4.5% of participants admitted to using drugs. We found that there was a slightly higher proportion of anxiety and depression among women who tested positive for CT. We aimed to establish a basis for the implementation of screening in asymptomatic women. Early identification and preventive measures are crucial in minimizing the long-term complications and transmission of the disease. Sexual behavior must be recognized as a risk factor, and women's psychological well-being should be given top priority as a vital aspect of their sexual health.

Sex differences in the association between social frailty and diet quality among older adults in Spain

ObjectiveThe aim was to examine the association between social frailty and diet quality in adults over 65 years of age, and whether results differed by sex. DesignPopulation-based cross-sectional study using data from the Spanish National Health Survey. Participants5,071 community-dwelling people ≥65 years from Spain. MeasurementsSocial frailty was deemed to exist when the person both lived alone and had low social support, measured with the Duke-UNC scale. Diet was assessed with the Spanish Healthy Eating Index (S-HEI), ranging from 0 to 100 points (highest diet quality). Means and 95% confidence intervals of the S-HEI score for each social frailty group were calculated using linear regressions, with socially robust people as reference. Analyses were adjusted for main confounders, including sociodemographic, lifestyle and morbidity variables. ResultsThere were no differences in the S-HEI adjusted mean of socially frail (74.3 points, 95%CI: 73.4−75.2) compared to socially robust older adults (75.4 points; 95%CI: 75.1−75.7). In sex-stratified analyses, the S-HEI adjusted mean of socially frail men (71.9 points; 95%CI: 70.6−73.2) was lower than robust men (74.8 points; 95%CI: 74.4−75.3). Specifically, social frailty was associated with lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, dairy and lower diet variety in men. Differences were not observed according to social frailty among older women. ConclusionsSocial frailty was associated with poor diet quality in community-dwelling older men, but not in women in Spain. Gender differences in self-care could partly explain this association. Sex-specific interventions are required to minimize the impact of social frailty on diet quality.

Formal help-seeking in intimate partner violence among Spanish-born and immigrant women in Spain: A focus group study.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem. In Spain, although the prevalence of IPV is greater in immigrant women than in Spanish-born women, immigrant women seem to access services to a lesser extent. This study aimed to explore and compare perceptions of barriers to and strategies for seeking formal help among Spanish-born and immigrant women IPV survivors. A qualitative study was conducted based on three focus groups with women of Spanish (n = 9), Romanian (n = 4), and Latin American (n = 4) origin. The thematic analysis was supported by Atlas.ti. Three categories and 12 subcategories were identified: general characteristics of help-seeking behavior (e.g., children as the main motivating factor), barriers (e.g., immigrant status, fear of the perpetrator), and strategies for accessing services (e.g., increasing education). Differences in help-seeking behavior were found between groups. Relevant information for professionals to improve women's access to IPV support services is provided.

Unmasking Street Harassment in Spain: Prevalence, Psychological Impact, and the Role of Sexism in Women’s Experiences

Street harassment is a widespread problem that affects women from all backgrounds, often leading to negative psychological consequences such as anxiety, depression, and reduced self-worth. Despite the pioneering development of laws protecting women’s rights, Spanish culture often normalizes this type of violence against women, and research on this context remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study with 245 women in Spain to investigate the occurrence and impact of street harassment on psychological well-being. We used the Street Harassment Assessment Scale, a self-report measure designed to evaluate the prevalence and frequency of street harassment, and explored its association with anxiety, fear of rape, avoidance behavior, self-esteem, and adherence to sexist beliefs. The results showed that 98% of women experienced street harassment, with 80% reporting monthly occurrences. The frequency of street harassment was correlated with increased anxiety, fear of rape and avoidance behavior, and lower self-esteem. Additionally, the results supported the link between the endorsement of sexist ideology and lower identification of events. Collectively, the results underscore the negative impact of street harassment on women’s well-being and freedom, highlighting its role as a patriarchal tool that perpetuates female objectification and subordination. An integrative feminist perspective involving various fields, including psychology, public policy, and education, among others, is necessary to create safer environments for women.

COVID-19 and menstrual-related disturbances: a Spanish retrospective observational study in formerly menstruating women.

Four years after the start of the pandemic, there is limited evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on the women's health regardless of their reproductive status. The aim was to analyze the prevalence and associated factors of menstrual-related disturbances in formerly menstruating women following SARS-CoV-2 infection. A retrospective observational study of adult women in Spain was conducted during the month of December 2021 using an online survey (N = 17,512). The present analysis includes a subpopulation of SARS-CoV-2-infected and formerly menstruating women (n = 72). The collected data included general characteristics, medical history, and specific information on COVID-19. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney U-tests were performed. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was then performed to investigate possible associations between the occurrence of menstrual-related disturbances after SARS-CoV-2 infection. 38.8% of participants experienced menstrual-related disturbances following COVID-19. Among these, unexpected vaginal bleeding (20.8%) was the most common event, followed by spotting (11.1%) ( Table1). Other reported changes were in the length (shorter = 12.5%) and flow (heavier = 30.3%) of menstrual bleeding in comparison to their previous experience. Regression analysis revealed that being a perimenopausal woman [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.721, CI 95%, 1.022-21.796, p = 0.047] and having a previous diagnosis of menorrhagia (AOR 5.824 CI 95%, 1.521-22.310, p = 0.010) were factors associated with the event. These findings could help health professionals provide their patients with up-to-date scientific information to empower them to actively manage their reproductive health, especially in societies where menstrual health is still taboo.

AfroSpanish identity from an ‘experiential’ perspective: Desirée Bela-Lobedde in conversation with Dosinda García-Alvite

In this interview Desirée Bela-Lobedde talks about some of the themes she examines in her book Ser mujer negra en España (2018) [Being a Black Woman in Spain], where she writes about growing up as a racialized child in Spain, the erasure of African subjects’ presence in Spanish national history and how structural racism still exists in Spain, affecting all institutions, including the school system. The interview took place in New York on March 7, 2024. It was conducted in Spanish and subsequently translated into English by the interviewer.

Exploring the Concept of Social Reconciliation Through the Experience of a Dance/Movement Therapy Group of Migrant Women in Spain

This paper explores the potential of Dance/Movement Therapy (DMT) as a means of contributing to social reconciliation processes. The study, conducted through a group process with migrant women living in Spain, suggests that the relationships developed between participants in the DMT group reflect some of the key elements underpinning theories of social reconciliation. The elements of trust, empathy, and a willingness to coexist with others can be understood as the return to a sense of community and belonging. Furthermore, working with migrant women appeared as an opportunity to explore the concept of social reconciliation beyond national borders as an initial step to understanding this phenomenon through DMT. In summary, it is proposed that Dance Movement Therapy, oriented towards the configuration of new forms of relationship, has the potential to contribute to the modification of polarization frameworks in group and community relationships, particularly in areas affected by conflict or social marginalization experienced by migrants and refugees.

Accessibility of intimate partner violence-related services for young women in Spain. Qualitative study on professionals' perspectives.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is common among young people, but the use of IPV resources among young adult women and teenagers is limited. This study aims to analyze professionals' perceptions about the main barriers and facilitators encountered by young women (16-29 years old) exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) when accessing formal services in Spain. Qualitative study based on 17 in depth interviews carried out in 2019 with professionals who manage resources for IPV care in Madrid (Spain) from different sectors (social services, health care, security forces, women or youth issues offices, associations). A qualitative content analysis was conducted. The professionals interviewed perceive the following barriers: 1) Time it takes for young women to recognize IPV because the social construction of sexual-affective relationships is permeated by gender inequality; 2) The process of leaving a situation of abuse; 3) Barriers inherent to IPV services. The key aspects to improve access to these resources are related to care services, professional practice, and the young women themselves. There are both psychosocial barriers, derived from the process of leaving a situation of violence, as well as structural barriers for young women to access and properly use the recognized services specifically aimed at them or comprehensive IPV care. Services need to be tailored to the needs of young women so they can be truly effective in order to escape IPV.

Reduced pertussis disease severity in infants following the introduction of pertussis vaccination of pregnant women in Spain, 2015–2019

BackgroundMaternal pertussis vaccination during the third trimester of pregnancy was implemented in 2015 in Spain, reaching a national coverage of 84% in 2019. In this ecological study, we investigated whether there was a change in the disease severity for pertussis in infants upon introduction of prenatal pertussis vaccination. MethodsWe performed a time-trend analysis of infant pertussis hospitalizations during 2005–2019 in Spain using national register data. Annual hospitalization rates per 100,000 population and the mean length of hospitalization were calculated for infants < 3 months of age (target group benefiting from the prenatal vaccination) and a reference group aged 3–11 months. We compared overall rates and annual percent changes of the above variables in both groups for the time period before (2005–2014) and after vaccination introduction (2015–2019), using segmented Poisson regression. ResultsDuring the pre-vaccination period, infants aged 0–2 months had a 5-times higher rate of pertussis hospitalization and spent on average 50 % longer in hospital than the reference group. After the maternal vaccination introduction, the hospitalization rate decreased more rapidly in infants aged 0–2 months than in infants aged 3–11 months: annual reduction of 34 % (95 % CI: 31–38) versus 26 % (95 % CI: 21–31) in the hospitalization rate and 13 % (95 % CI: 11–15) versus 6 % (95 % CI: 2–9) in the mean hospital stay, respectively. In 2019, the mean hospital stay for pertussis was about 4.5 days in both groups. ConclusionsMaternal pertussis vaccination in Spain led to a reduction in disease severity in the target group as compared to older infants, highlighting the need for increased efforts on educating healthcare professionals on the importance of maternal vaccinations.

Influence of Pelvic Floor Disorders on Sleep Quality in Women.

Pelvic floor disorders, the impact of their symptoms, and their association with sleep quality and sleep disorders is a little studied area. The aim of this study was to determine if an association exists between pelvic floor disorders in women and sleep disorders. An observational study was conducted among women in Spain during 2021 and 2022. A self-developed questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic and employment data, previous medical history and health status, lifestyle and habits, obstetric history, and health problems. A validated questionnaire, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), was used to assess the quality of sleep. The presence and impact of pelvic floor problems was assessed with the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20). Odds ratios (OR) and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with their respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated using logistic regression. A total of 1396 women participated in the study. The total PSQI indicated that 75.36% (1052) of women have altered general sleep quality. Women with pelvic floor disorders have a higher probability of developing sleep alterations (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.22-1.42; for every 20 points). A high BMI (aOR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07; for each point) and the presence of musculoskeletal disorders (aOR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.20-8.27) are also associated with sleep quality in women. Women with pelvic floor disorders are more likely to develop sleep disorders, probably due to all the discomfort they entail.

Modeling the employment decisions of young men and women in nine European countries: An application of random utility theory and revealed preference

In this paper we examine the decisions of over 15,000 young adults aged 18–35 from nine European countries to choose employment over unemployment or remaining in education. Instead of focusing only on who makes those decisions as is typically done, we attempt to answer the question of why a particular decision is made. Using data from the Cultural Pathways to Economic Self-sufficiency and Entrepreneurship (CUPESSE) project, we estimate a series of country and gender-specific conditional logit (CLGT) models adjusted for individual work values, soft skills, demographic characteristics and local labor markets. We find that young women in Czechia, Germany, Greece, Hungary and Italy and both men and women in Spain and the United Kingdom, respond to exogenous wage offers providing some evidence for job search theory and for the reservation wage hypothesis. Our uptake rate simulations show that a 10% increase in wages have the potential to increase employment by as little as 2 percentage points in the UK and by as much as 14 percentage points in Czechia and Spain. Further, if unemployment benefits are also simultaneously reduced by 10% employment increases in these latter countries by 20 and 17 percentage points. We demonstrate the ways that revealed preference (RP) analysis can aid policy makers through strength of preference, uptake rate and willingness-to-pay applications.

(091) Use of a Vibrating Device in the Management of Female Situational Anorgasmia: Prospective Case Series Study in Women from Southeastern Spain

Abstract Introduction Around 40 percent of women in Spain are unable to achieve orgasm during coital relations, although most can do so through other means. Many of these women do not seek treatment, even though this situation may affect their sexual and relational life. Female Orgasm Disorder (FOD) treatment has seen little innovation since the 1980s. The growing acceptance, technological development, and focus on diversity have contributed to the flourishing of the sex toy industry. This sector has enabled the development of therapeutic devices that have already demonstrated usefulness in addressing other female and male sexual dysfunctions, often making treatments more Accessible. However, more scientific studies are needed on this topic. Objective Present the results of the utility and safety of using a vibrating device in the management of situational female orgasm disorder (FOD) in a group of women from Spain. Methods A case report study of an observational, descriptive, prospective nature, involving 19 women undergoing treatment, that meet criteria for lifelong, situational FOD from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was conducted in Murcia, Spain, from January 2022 to July 2023. Patients were 18 years or older, generally healthy as evidenced by medical history, were sexually active, in a current relationship of 3 months or longer, and participation was voluntary. Patients did not meet criteria for PTSD, psychosis or dissociative disorders, depression or bipolar disorders, were not pregnant or in menopause and did not use drugs known to interfere with sexual functioning. Main outcome measures were assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) domain for orgasm at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks, as well as the success rate of achieving orgasm during coital relations. Treatment consisted of an educational session where a vibrating device called Crescendo II® and its accompanying resource of different positions, Play Book was provided, along with instructions for using the device during coital relations. Results Patients had a mean age of 31.19 years (range 27–53). An improvement was observed in the average scores at six and twelve weeks in FSFI orgasmic domain, (mean pre = 1.62 (SD) = 0.42, mean post six weeks = 3.47 (SD) = 1.26, mean post twelve weeks = 3.43 (SD) = 1.25). The success rate (orgasm achievement during intercourse) at the end of the study was 90.47%. Conclusions This case series suggests that the use of a vibration device could be an effective and safe therapeutic option for female situational anorgasmia in addition to reducing the length and cost of treatment. Future research with experimental designs should confirm the clear potential of the use of these devices in treating FOD and clarify issues related to the most appropriate amplitude and frequency of vibration, as well as the possible long-term effects of using these types of vibration devices in patients. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Mysteryvibe.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease mortality in Spain between 1999 and 2019

IntroductionMortality from COPD has decreased in Spain in recent years, but it is unknown whether this decline has been homogeneous among the different regions. MethodsFrom the Statistical Portal of the Ministry of Health of Spain we obtained the age-adjusted mortality rates/100,000 inhabitants for men and women in Spain and the Autonomous Communities for the years 1999–2019, using the coding of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD 10, sections J40–J44). With the adjusted rates we performed a jointpoint regression analysis to estimate an annual percentage change (APC), as well as identify possible points of trend change. Statistical significance was considered for a value of p<0.05. ResultsDuring the study period, COPD mortality rates adjusted in Spain decreased from 28.77 deaths/100,000 inhabitants in 1999 to 12.14 deaths/100,000 inhabitants in 2019. We observed a linear decline in COPD mortality in men at national level of −3.67% per year (95% CI −4.1 to −3.4; p<0.001), with differences between the Autonomous Communities. Mortality in women also experienced a decrease in mortality in two phases, with a first period from 1999 to 2006 with a fall of −6.8% per year (95% CI −8.6 to −5.0; p<0.001) and a second period from 2006 to 2019 with a decrease in mortality of −2.1% (95% CI −2.8 to −1.3; p<0.001), with again differences between the Autonomous Communities. ConclusionMortality rates from COPD have decreased heterogeneously among the different Autonomous Communities in both men and women.