Women In Social Life Research Articles

The position of women in social life in the light of the National Party’s political thought

The publication was financed from the National Science Centre resources granted under Decision No. DEC-2013/09/B/HS5/00016. Tekst zostal opracowany w ramach projektu badawczego „Myśl polityczna Stronnictwa Narodowego (1928–1939)” finansowanego ze środkow Narodowego Centrum Nauki na podstawie decyzji numer DEC-2013/09/B/HS5/00016.

Impact of Space and Environment on Women in Urban Transformation (Case of Ankara)

In this study, it is understood that Turkey is developing rapidly, the increasing need for accommodation due to migration from the village to the city and the distorted structure in the cities, and the urban transformation efforts carried out in order to overcome this skewed construction necessitated the reorganization of the environment and the place. Urban transformation, which brings about significant changes in social life, causes positive / negative effects especially on the social life of women. In this context, the historical process of urban transformation in Turkey and in the world has been analyzed and discussed from the perspective of environment and women's issues. In this context, it is aimed to analyze the reflections of the new place and the surrounding area, which are the result of urban transformation, on the social life of women, by interviewing face to face with the women living in Etimesgut in the city of Ankara and having experienced the process of urban transformation. In this framework, it is aimed to produce suggestions on spatial planning and environmental regulations that take into account the needs of women in urban life. The fact that women spend more time in domestic life, that women play an active role in neighborhood culture, requires that women be treated as a special category in every kind of urban transformation project and the possible effects on women should be examined. At the end of the work; It has been determined that women are not included in decision-making mechanisms in urban transformation projects carried out in Etimesgut region, that the lifestyles and needs of women are not adequately taken into account when domestic and environmental regulations are being made and that urban transformations have more intense and different effects on women.

Polygyny, Concubinage, and the Social Lives of Women in Viking-Age Scandinavia

In this paper we utilize evolutionary theory, anthropological data, and historical sources to explore how marriage practices shaped social behaviours and attitudes towards gender in Viking-Age Scandinavia. We focus primarily on the normative practices of polygyny and concubinage, which have been shown by anthropological studies to legitimize behaviours that reinforce male power. Our survey found that many of these behaviours might have been prevalent among Viking-Age societies. These include competition among men seeking to gain access to the marriage market, female seclusion, and the bartering of women in marriage contracts. Inside the household, these practices may have precipitated an increased risk of domestic violence, the neglect of children, and the male domination of household decisions. However, we also identify a number of significant ways in which male power was contested and subverted by women’s agency, both within the home and in the context of wider society.

Câncer de mama: sentimentos e percepções das mulheres mastectomizadas

Introduction: The need to demonstrate the influences of mastectomy in affective and social life of women with breast cancer is a viable strategy for a positive act in healthcare. Objectives: To characterize women with breast cancer who attend the support group at the Women’s Network Against Cancer in Joinville, Santa Catarina, Brazil, and to know the meaning of mastectomy for these women. Methodology: This is a descriptive study that interviewed 10 women who undergone mastectomy. Data collection was performed using a structured questionnaire, and the data investigated were related to sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics, emotional issues and knowledge that women held about breast cancer. Results: Most of the surveyed women were between 40-50 years, married, with low education and income. The feelings perceived were sadness, anguish, revolt caused by the breast removal, fear of death, shame, faith and hope. The cancer diagnosis confirmation brought profound changes in the life of each woman. New ways of confronting life were expressed in the expectations focused on healing and the need for religious affiliation. Conclusions: During the research, many difficulties experienced by women after mastectomy were evident; for example, problems with their self-image, pain, physical difficulties and sadness caused by the breast removalof . On the other hand, they revealed hopeful feelings, generated by their family support and their acquaintanceship with other women from the support group.

UNE MORT TRÈS DOUCE VE UNE FEMME ADLI ESERLERDE KADIN KİMLİĞİNİN TOPLUMSAL BOYUTLARI

Bu calismada yirminci yuzyilin iki buyuk kadin yazari, Simone de Beauvoir ve Annie Ernaux’nun aile cevreleri uzerinden kendi kadin kimliklerini sorguladiklari Une mort tres douce ve Une Femme adli eserleri karsilastirmali olarak ele alinmistir. Calismada, her iki eserde uc kusak Fransiz kadinin (anlatici, anne ve buyukanne) ait olduklari aileler farkli donem kesitleriyle, her doneme ozgu deger yargilariyla, kadinin toplumsal hayattaki konumu goz onunde bulundurularak incelenmistir. Yasam oykuleri acisindan benzerlikler iceren her iki yazarin bireysel ve toplumsal planda kadin kimliklerinin olusmasinda buyuk oranda aile yasamlarinin belirleyici oldugu gorulmustur. Buyukanne kusagi, otorite ve korkuya dayali, kadin egitiminin nerdeyse hice sayildigi bir toplumsal ve kulturel ortamda yetismistir. Anne kusagi ise, gelenegin belirledigi otoriter aile kadini olmak ile, uygun firsatlarda da modern olana yuzunu donmek arasinda bir gelgit yasamis olsa da, kizlarinin daha mutlu yasayabilmesi icin egitimi ve okumayi onemseyip tesvik etmislerdir. Yazarlarin temsil ettigi kadin kusagina gelince; bu kusak kadinlar geleneksel degerlerin baskilayici kurallarina karsin, kendi adlarina, kendileri icin ve kendi kendilerine bir kimlik olusturma savasimi icinde olmuslar; kadin kimliginin toplumsal boyutunun bireysel boyutla ic iceligini one cikararak, kadinin toplumsal hayattaki yerini saglamlastirmanin, aile, gelenek ve toplumsal sinif aidiyetinin otesinde bireysel bilincten gectigini ortaya koymuslardir. Anahtar Sozcukler: Annie Ernaux, Simone de Beauvoir, Bir Kadin, Une mort tres douce, Kadin. THE SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE IDENTITY OF WOMAN IN “ UNE MORT TRES DOUCE ”AND “ UNE FEMME ” Abstract : In this study, twentieth century’s two great works by women writers, Simone de Beauvoir’s “ Une mort tres douce ” and Annie Ernaux’s “ Une femme ”, in which they questioned their own female identity through their familial circles, will be comparatively studied. In both works, three generations of French women (narrator, mother and grandmother) are studied by focusing on different periods in their family history, values peculiar to every period, and women’s position in society. Many similarities can be seen between both writers and their identity as women are shaped by their familial lives. The generation of the grandmother grew in a cultural and social environment in which women are disciplined with fears and strict authority and their right to education was ignored. The generation of the mother lived through a turbulent transition period in which women were in-between the traditional female roles and models of modern womanhood, but they encouraged their daughters to further education. As for the generation represented by the narrator, women rebelled against the oppression of the traditional female roles, and they strove to build an identity particular to themselves, depending on their own resources. They revealed the intricate relations between the social and individual dimensions of female identity, and put forward that the empowerment of the women in social life is about the improvement of the individual consciousness more than familial, traditional and class identities. Keywords : Annie Ernaux, Simone de Beauvoir, Une Femme , Une mort tres douce , Woman.

KEDUDUKAN PEREMPUAN DALAM MASYARAKAT JEPANG

AbstractIndun RoosianiEntering the Meiji era, which marks the end of the feudal era has greatly changed the lives of Japanese society. The existence of the closing period of the country (political sakoku) which lasted for approximately 250 years, causing various government policies can not necessarily change just like the life of the common. The policies adopted by Meiji's new government cover various fields, such as in family life, law and employment. Similarly, the position and role of Japanese women, has undergone many changes when compared with the previous period.The life and attitudes of Japanese women have undergone tremendous changes in the last 15 years or so of the younger generation. Japanese women can enjoy unprecedented freedom with diver. However, the relationship between men and women has not changed much, as illustrated by some experts as dansei joui, josei yuui (superior male, dominant female).Every country always has a difference in positioning women in social life, as well as Japan. Japan as a country known to be very homogeneous also has a different view, especially before and after the Meiji era. The changes occurring as a result of the Meiji Restoration are not very significant for most Japanese women, because the paradigm that has been rooted for more than 2 centuries is not easy to change the condition of Japanese women.Keywords: women, traditional, Meiji Age, beliefs

Gender characteristics and HIV/AIDS related knowledge awareness and behaviors of transgender women

To understand the gender characteristics, HIV/AIDS related knowledge awareness and behaviors of transgender women. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the transgender women recruited through snowball sampling in Jinan in 2014, and descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted on the survey results. A total of 55 transgender women were surveyed, all of them were male physically and female psychologically. Serious gender conflict occurred in 27 subjects (49.1%), and very serious gender conflict occurred in 8 subjects (14.5%). Thirty subjects dressed up as a man in social life, accounting for 54.5%; 25 subjects dressed up as a women in social life, accounting for 45.5%. The average awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 57.9%(22/38). The awareness of knowledge about AIDS associated behaviors, such as multi sex partner and anal sex, was poor. For the lovers or sexual partners, 58.2% of the subjects (32/55) would choose males and 50.9% of the subjects (28/55) had chosen males, and for the sex partner at latest sex, 63.6%(35/55) of the subjects had chosen males. Up to 56.3% of the subjects had sex with casual sexual partners (net friends and partners of one-night stand) at latest sex behavior. Among the subjects surveyed, 18(32.7%) never used condoms; 29(52.7%) used condoms occasionally; 4(7.3%) used condoms frequently and 4(7.3%) used condoms at each sex. AIDS associated high risk behaviors were common among the transgender women, such as unprotected anal sex, multiple sexual partners, frequent sex and poor condom use. It is necessary to conduct the study of the HIV infection prevention in transgender women.

THE IMAGE OF WOMAN AND FASHION IN TURKISH PAINTINGS OF THE REPUBLIC PERIOD

The proclamation of the Republic has brought changes in the social sphere in the political and the economic fields. Civil Law, with the enacted laws of The Dress and Hat Revolution, brought the place of the women to a more different place than it was in the Ottoman Empire. Women were given the right to elect and be elected. However, women's participation in working life, as a result of prolonged war in the late Ottoman period, has increased also as a necessity, but this has only been possible in Istanbul and large industrial cities. The readdressed education system with the Republic, has increased especially the ratio of women working in the field of education all over the country. The changes, which have been experienced by women in social life, have affected their everyday clothes. It is known from the journal and archive of the palace, that especially women, in the 19th century palace and the top social classes, followed the Western fashion. However, these clothes were only becoming visible in domestic uses; the body was being completely covered while in use outside the home. With the Republic, women, who entered the public space, had the opportunity to follow the fashion that they wish. Unlike the Ottoman Empire, this change was observed in all social structures, not only in the top layer of society. It is possible to see traces of this in the press, in the early years of the Republic. Written press has led to the spread of the new position of women in society and the preferred new dress code in the community. Women's magazines, even they were printed since the Ottoman period; when the literacy rate is concerned between the Ottoman and Republican era, it can be said that Republican magazines have been followed by a wider audience. Republic was intended to awaken a national consciousness by supporting changes with the art of painting. In particular, Feyhaman Duran, Nazmi Ziya, Avni Arbas, Malik Aksel, Bedri Rahmi Eyuboglu, Neset Gunal are important painters of the Republic period. The study aims to read the fashion of the period by using the image of women in the works of the Republic era painters. The female image and fashion used in the works of art will be compared with the overall fashion sense of the term. Keywords : Turkish Painting, Women as Image, Fashion, Cloths, Periods of Turkish Republic.

Zofia Seidlerowa (1859–1919) i „kwestia kobieca” na łamach „Bluszczu”

W połowie XIX wieku na ogół niechętnie spoglądano na próby wychodzenia kobiet poza granice tradycyjnych ról i zachowań. Głównym motywem aktywności kobiet w XIX wieku była jednak działalność patriotyczna. W drugiej połowie XIX wieku rozwijało się szkolnictwo dla dziewcząt. Zakładano szkoły uczące konkretnych zawodów. Aktywność kobiet w okresie międzypowstaniowym wzrosła także na polu czasopiśmiennictwa. Powstanie prasy kobiecej wiąże się z szeroko pojętym ruchem na rzecz „wyzwolenia” kobiet, którego punkt kulminacyjny przypada na drugą połowę XIX wieku. Kwestia kobieca była tematem dyskusji w krajach Europy Zachodniej i Ameryki Północnej w drugiej połowie XIX i na początku XX wieku. Owe dyskusje dotyczyły zagadnień dotyczących roli i zadań kobiety w życiu społecznym. Prasa rozbudzała wśród społeczeństwa potrzebę twórczości intelektualnej, aktywności społecznej. Kobiety coraz częściej widoczne były w sferze literatury i czasopiśmiennictwa. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie postaci redaktorki, publicystki i tłumaczki Zofii Seidlerowej z Kwiecińskich (1859–1919) i przedstawienie prezentowanych przez nią na łamach czasopisma „Bluszcz” poglądów na temat wychowania dziewcząt na ziemiach polskich pod zaborami na przełomie XIX i XX wieku, przygotowania ich do roli żon, matek, wychowawczyń i pracy zarobkowej.

Kadına Yönelik Şiddetle Mücadele Ulusal Eylem Planı 2012-2015'in Genel Bir Değerlendirilmesi

Ulusal ve uluslararasi tum pozitif gelismelere ragmen, kadina yonelik siddet, ulkemizde ve tum dunyada halen onemli sorunlar arasinda yer almaya devam etmektedir. Kuresel bir sorun olarak aile ici kadina yonelik siddet, ulkemizde de mucadele edilmesi gereken ciddi bir toplumsal sorundur. Toplumsal yasamin her asamasinda rastlanan kadina yonelik siddet olgusu; kadinin maddi ve manevi butunlugune agir zarar vermesi nedeniyle onemli bir halk sagligi sorunu olmasinin yani sira, kadinin toplumsal yasama aktif katiliminin onune gecerek sosyal ve ekonomik kalkinma onunde bir engel teskil etmektedir. Bu cercevede yurutulecek calismalarda, disiplinler arasi bir yaklasimla, ilgili tum taraflarin onleme, koruma, cezalandirma, sosyo-kulturel, egitsel ve politik boyutuyla surecin icinde yer almasi daha dogru bir yaklasim olacaktir. Ulkemizde kadin-erkek esitliginin saglanmasi ve kadinin insan haklarinin guclendirilmesi konusunda yasal duzenlemelerde buyuk gunumuze degin oldukca olumlu sayilabilecek ilerlemeler saglanmistir. 2006/17 sayili Basbakanlik Genelgesi, konu hakkinda yurutulmesi gereken calismalar, bu calismalari yurutmekle sorumlu kurum ve kuruluslar ile isbirligi kuruluslarini belirleyerek, cok kapsamli bir yol haritasi olusturmus, konu hakkindaki calismalarin bir ust seviyeye tasinmasina katki saglamistir. 2007’de yururluge giren “Kadina Yonelik Aile Ici Siddetle Mucadele Ulusal Eylem Plani 2007-2010”, bu kararlilik ve isbirliginin somut orneklerinden biridir. Soz konusu Ulusal Eylem Plani’nin uygulama suresinin dolmasi nedeniyle, yine ilgili kurum ve kuruluslarin katilimlariyla, Kadina Yonelik Siddet ve Aile Ici Siddetin Onlenmesi ve Bunlarla Mucadeleye Iliskin Avrupa Konseyi Sozlesmesi isiginda, yeni gelismeler, ihtiyaclar ve eksiklikler goz onunde bulundurularak, “Kadina Yonelik Siddetle Mucadele Ulusal Eylem Plani 2012-2015” hazirlanmistir. Cok boyutlu bir toplumsal sorun olan kadina yonelik siddeti ortadan kaldirmak, ancak toplumun tum kesimlerinin ortak ve kararli mucadelesi ve butuncul bir yaklasimla mumkundur. Bu calismada, T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanligi, Kadinin Statusu Genel Mudurlugu’nun 2012 yilinda hazirlamis oldugu, “Kadina Yonelik Siddetle Mucadele Ulusal Eylem Plani 2012-2015”in genel bir degerlendirilmesi yapilmistir

From mother-goddess to the pandora s box: Glass ceiling myth

The article is correlated to elements of the mother-goddess figure having been changed by a patriarchal cultural system, which has suppressed the positive features of the mother goddess role by strengthening the Pandora’s Box myth throughout the centuries, and to the more recent gender-based division of labour and elements of the glass ceiling. Primarily in the article, the features of mother-goddesses existing in Greek, Anatolian, and Turkish myths from ancient ages until today are explained by correlating them to role of women in social life. Later on the article, addresses the glass ceiling syndrome which applies to women within a gender-based division of labour under patriarchal (masculine) rule is discussed. In the conclusion, a criticism is made of gender based-division of labour, masculine rule, and the glass ceiling factor. © 2013 European Journal of Research on Education by IASSR.

The religio-cultural dimensions of life for young Muslim women in a small Irish town

Studies of young Western-born/raised Muslims show the multiple, complex and changing relationships they have with their religion, and what freedom and autonomy might mean in this context. Despite such evidence, popular and academic discourses of the emancipated and free female subject of neoliberal society eclipse such important themes for Muslim youth. Using qualitative evidence from a study of young Muslim women in Ireland, we identify how religio-cultural dimensions are central within young women's social lives and personal worlds. Our analysis of these young women's narratives draws on structuration theory to examine what can be described as their circumscribed choices and freedoms. Focusing on the gendered norms, meanings and sanctions that circulate within family and community, we suggest that their social and personal worlds reflect a gendered responsibility and agency, as structured through their religio-cultural system. Maintaining religious integrity is a key dimension, reinforced through close interactions, relationships and identity performances at home and with friends. The research was conducted with both female and male teenagers using participant-led interviews and a range of other qualitative methods. From a total 33 Muslim participants, this paper draws on the narratives of 15 young women, aged between 12 and 19 years.

The Chastain effect: Using Title IX to measure the causal effect of participating in high school sports on adult women's social lives

Many studies have sought to estimate the effects of participating in sports on ex-athletes’ adult lives. This paper contributes to the existing literature in two ways. First, it adopts an instrumental-variables method pioneered by Betsey Stevenson (2010) in which variation in rates of boys’ athletic participation across states before the passage of Title IX is used to instrument for changes in girls’ athletic participation following its passage, thereby avoiding selection bias and allowing for causal estimates. Second, it looks at the effect of participating in sports not on economic, but on social outcomes. In particular, we find that a ten percentage-point increase in state-level female sports participation generates a five to six percentage-point rise in the rate of female secularism, a five percentage-point increase in the proportion of women who are mothers, and a six percentage-point rise in the proportion of mothers who, at the time that they are interviewed, are single mothers. While our results appear to paint a picture of independence from potentially patriarchal institutions (church and marriage), further research is necessary to understand whether our results can be attributed to a single story such as this one or whether they are the products of multiple causal mechanisms.

Breaking the walls of social exclusion of women rural by means of ICTs: The case of ‘digital divides’ in Galician

This paper examines the digital divides for women in rural areas within the Information Society, referring particularly to the Galician experience (Autonomous Region in the North West of Spain). In order to explore the barriers to social and labor exclusion it was elaborated a survey relating with the use and impact of ITC in social and labor experiences of rural women. The results showed that rural women are aware of the key role played for ITC on their way to achieve the participation on decision making process as well as in social life and labor. The main barriers to the Internet penetration in women social life were employment, education and income. From an individual point of view, the existence of non-users was explained by a combination of access problems, lack of ICT skills or rather negative attitudes towards ITC. Finally, a bunch of policy recommendations is proposed focus on providing better Internet access in rural areas and to sensitize the population, particularly the oldest, about the importance of gender equality in access to technology in order to avoid digital barriers for rural women and reduce social exclusion of this group.

The struggle of kibbutz women to participate in guard duties during the Arab Revolt, 1936–1939

While problems of women's military service in Israel today are attracting increasing scholarly attention, there is little systematic discussion of the events and processes that laid the foundation for the present situation. This article discusses this topic as it emerged in the kibbutz movement during the Arab Revolt of 1936–39 in Palestine. The attempts of women to participate in guarding activities during the British Mandate reveal changes in their self-image during the first half of the twentieth century and the extent to which their aspirations were accepted and realized in the public sphere – security being one of its components. Although this article focuses on security, the issues raised are tightly connected to the social life of women on the kibbutz, the areas of their work, and their involvement in public activities. The kibbutz bulletins, the annual celebrations of International Working Women's Day, women's conventions, ideological seminars, and meetings of the Women Workers' Council reveal the transformations in kibbutz women's role in security matters during the Arab Revolt.

The Position of Women in Social and Economic Life: A Comparison between the EU and Turkey

In this study, the participation of women in social life and their position in economic activity in Turkey was examined in comparison with EU countries. To examine women’s participation in social life we used the Gender Related Development Index (GDI), which was developed by the UNDP politic, and for economic life we employed the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM). According to our results, the inequality between men and women in terms health, education, and welfare standards, which are considered in the establishment of the subject index, increased in Turkey. However, Turkey remains well behind EU countries including EU candidates in terms of the social participation of women. Results also indicate that, the same inequalities are still present in terms of the position of women vis-a-vis economic activity.

Group Therapy for Women Sexually Abused as Children: Social Interaction, Adjustment, and Relationships Before and After Group Therapy

Forty-five female outpatients sexually abused in childhood were offered a two-year-long trauma-focused group therapy. Questionnaires were given before and after treatment concerning social interaction (ISSI), social adjustment (SAS-SR), perceived family climate (Family Climate Test, Questions of Family Members). Both the level of social interaction and social adjustment were significantly improved after treatment. There were no significant changes in family climate except for the expressed emotion subscale perceived criticism in relation to the partner that showed a reduction. We conclude that trauma-focused group therapy seems to be useful in improving the relationships and social life of women who were sexually abused as children.

‘Alcohol is my friend’: Young middle class women discuss their relationship with alcohol

AbstractIn recent years concerns have been raised about the increase in alcohol consumption amongst young women in the UK. This paper presents a qualitative study of the experiences and relationship young, middle‐class, female students have with alcohol. Interviews with five friendship groups were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal the integral part alcohol plays in the young women's social lives and its importance in the staging of the young female self. Drinking can be seen as empowering and confidence boosting. However, the ‘friendship’ between femininity and alcohol is a contemptuous and fragile one. Loosing public self‐control is seen as an invitation to unwanted sexual attention and even exploitation. The interviews not only illustrate the gendered and classed behavioural codes imposed on women, but also how the women have made these their own. We discuss how the young women's description of ‘problem drinking’ as being, for the most part, the preserve of men and so called ‘chavvies’, allows them to project an image of themselves as feminine and in control of their own drinking. We conclude that this could have implications for the extent to which they see the messages of public health campaigns about the dangers of ‘binge’ drinking as relating to them. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Consuming Alcohol in Bars, Pubs and Clubs: A risky freedom for young women?

Traditionally, consuming alcohol in bars, pubs, and clubs represents a masculine leisure activity at odds with conventional understandings of appropriate feminine behaviour. However, contemporary young women appear to have new freedoms to embrace this leisure activity. This paper focuses on the views of young women (18–25 years), drawing upon data from a qualitative study which explored young women's views, experiences, and behaviours in relation to their safety when socialising and consuming alcohol in bars, pubs, and clubs in Scotland. Findings from this study identify socialising and consuming alcohol in bars, pubs, and clubs as a central aspect of young women's social lives. However, for young women the consumption of alcohol in this context is also equated with risk, vulnerability, loss of control, and increased responsibility for their safety. These findings pose significant difficulties for locating women's experiences of consuming alcohol in bars, pubs, and clubs within a poststructural framework of freedom and liberation.

Upper Social Strata Women in Nursing in Turkey

The development of nursing education in Turkey was influenced by the twentieth-century political changes that encouraged the involvement of women in social life in Turkey. This study examines this development, beginning in the early twentieth century, including the role of relations between nurses in Turkey and the United States in advancing nursing education. The work is based on Ottoman archival sources, publications of the Ottoman-Turkish Red Crescent, and research on the history of nursing education in Turkey. The names of the institutions mentioned in documents and published works are in English, with the original Turkish names in parentheses. The dates in the Ottoman calendar (reckoned from the Hegira, Muslim era) and Roman calendar (adapted from the Gregorian calendar) that were used by Ottoman officials in their correspondence have been converted to the Western Christian calendar. English translations of Turkish references are in parentheses.