Women In Small Business Research Articles

How Do Female Leadership Competencies Affect to Performance from a Customer Perspective?

Objective: The study aims to explore the style of leadership of small business women by applying the theory of power competition to analyze competence influencing leadership in power SMEs competitiveness. Study will focus on the abilities for growth in a period longer than a profitability period short for SMEs. Ability growth is considered a fundamental factor for SMEs, so follow up a study about the influence of women in competence to SMEs performance growth. Research Design & Methods: A quantitative research (positivism). The research location is SMEs in Batu City with 98 respondents. Data analysis methods use validity, reliability, classic assumption, and hypothesis tests. Findings: The female leadership competencies with five dimensions (strategic visions, operation management, professional knowledge, hands-on experience, relationship building) have a positive and significant effect on performance from the perspective of consumers. Implications & Recommendations: The study is that it can provide an understanding of female leadership, that the spirit of competence within oneself needs to be developed so that the business that is built can progress and develop rapidly. Contribution & Value Added: The study expected to be able to provide information as a basis for consideration, support, and contribution of ideas to decision makers in an effort to be able to increase income and carry out business development.

Retail-based Women Entrepreneurship Entry Model through Small Business Orientation (SBO)

Women entrepreneurship converged decades ago through the small business literature. However, the small business orientation (SBO) concept has not been thoroughly and consistently involved in the women entrepreneurship literature. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the opinions of the retail small business women entrepreneurs to learn their entry model towards entrepreneurship practice in Bangladesh, opportunities, and threats, and the future direction of their business. The study was conducted on the in-depth interviews as well as participants and industry observation among the 20 women small retail entrepreneurs. The study constructs an entry model regarding retail-based women entrepreneurship from an emerging economy perspective. The outcomes of this research would play a great role in future research into the field of SBO and women entrepreneurship for emerging economies.

Problems of political unrest: women in small businesses in Bangladesh

PurposeWhereas the extant literature on women's entrepreneurship is almost exclusively focused on developed nations, the effect of many context-specific issues of other countries on ventures of women has been overlooked. The study aims to reveal how political unrest, a common feature of the developing nation, can significantly affect the experiences of women in small businesses of that region.Design/methodology/approachThis feminist research is conducted on Bangladesh, which is one of the most politically unstable countries in the world. The study conducts interviews with women to explore the adverse effect of political unrest on their small firms.FindingsThe feminist research reveals some problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest in this highly patriarchal context. It also discloses how political chaos challenges the government initiative in financially supporting women business-owners.Practical implicationsPolicymakers of developing nations can be benefitted by taking into account the problems of women business-owners concerning political unrest, specifically the access to debt financing issues while designing policies for women's empowerment.Originality/valueThe article contributes to the women's entrepreneurship scholarship with reference to political unrest, a contextual issue of developing nations. Whereas the existing studies mostly concentrate on holding women individually liable for the limited scale of their business operation, this research potentially challenges the view by drawing upon political unrest as an external factor that negatively affects their ventures. The study further advances the prevailing knowledge by critically unveiling some gender-specific problems of women business-owners regarding political unrest.

Analisis Pengaruh Mental Blocking Terhadap Berpikir Analitis Dan Kritis Dalam Kegiatan Promosi

Failure in promotional activities if not well managed will make business people in some condition that is known as mental blocking. This research design is descriptive research into secondary data with cross sectional approach which was held to understand the impact of mental blocking toward analytical and critical thinking in micro and small enterprise promotion activities. This research location was in Padang by collecting 229 research questionnaires from micro and small business women from July 28th 2020 to August 7th 2020 with 5% error rate. We can conclude that there was negative relationship between mental blocking and analytical and critical thinking with R -0.62. On the same hand, this research finding is that mental blocking have no significant impact toward analytical and critical thinking where R2is 4 percent. This was due to majority in scoring distribution of mental blocking aspect were in low level while majority in scoring distribution of analytical and critical thinking in higher level. This study suggested that future researcher must simplified the research scale and deeper analysis in finding other variable.

Women and Small Business: Contributing to Household income and Family wellbeing

The objective of the study is to examine the extent to which women involvement is small business contributes to household income and family wellbeing. The study adopted the survey research method in collecting data from 317 women from Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State, Nigeria using Cluster and Purposive sampling technique. The Survey Monkey Sample Determinant Technique was used to determine the sample size for the study. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured self-developed questionnaire. Data collected from the Field was analyzed using descriptive statistic and parametric statistic (Simple Lineal Regression) at 0.05 level of significance. The result from the descriptive statistics revealed that most of the women used in the study, 97.41 per cent do not depend solely on their husband income. 63.70 cent of women spend all the money from their endeavour in taking care of their homes. 81.10 per cent of the women reported that they are able to contribute to the household and take care of themselves. From the parametric statistics carried out, result revealed a significant correlation between women involved in small business and household income and family wellbeing in Yala. The study thereby concludes that women in small business significantly contribute to household income and family wellbeing. The study calls for governmental effort towards improving the capacity of women in Yala through self-help programs and microcredit.

The moral economy of Asian migrant women in small business in Hong Kong

This article explores how moral norms shape migrant women’s small businesses and examines the implications for immigrant social integration. It draws on qualitative data collected in Hong Kong in the period 2014–2018. Findings from the study suggest that the picture of Asian migrant women in business as either a silent supporter or independent entrepreneur is incomplete. Rather, it is a more complex picture shaped by the intersection of class, gender, ethnicity and religion. Female immigrant entrepreneurship and female empowerment have a complicated relationship, where moral norms both facilitate and constrain women’s business activities. This study contributes to the literature on immigrant economy by suggesting that moral norms should not be overlooked for their implications on the long-term social integration of women immigrants.

Pelatihan Software Perkantoran Bagi Pembina Wanita Katolik Republik Indonesia

In its 18th Congress in 2008, the Catholic Women’s Association of Indonesia (WKRI), a mass organization, set a program of “increasing small business women” (PPUK) as a program to help lift women to be able to run businesses in the economic sector. Therefore, WKRI has to empower the supervisors of this PPUK to be able to assist their fostered group and to give management guidance for the participants’ businesses. Current business management can be done more easily if business actors can use various office software that is easily obtained at the moment. This software is intended to make business letters, simple financial reports, attractive presentations, even flyers or other promotional media easier. The supervisors who will assist their fostered groups, will be equipped with the expertise of various office software, to later teach those who manage businesses. An interesting phenomenon that could be observed is that the supervisors involved in this PPUK program are generally more than 40-50 years old, even some of them are more than 60 years old. Making modules that are easy to understand and easy to teach to participants is a must. This training was carried out in 10 meetings from May to July 2019 and was attended by more than 20 supervisors of WKRI West Java Regional Leadership Council and Bandung Branch. It gained good feedback from the participants

The Sustainability of Muslim Women Entrepreneurs: A Case Study in Malaysia

The number of women who engage in small entrepreneurs (SMEs) in Malaysia, Kelantan has a high number of Muslim businesswomen whose efforts have been in place for over ten years and their businesses are able to increase family income on sustainable. This paper aims to identify the types of sustainability activities undertaken by Muslim small business women in Kelantan and to analyse the factors that influence the viability of Muslim women entrepreneurs doing business there. A case study was conducted to answer the question of how Muslim women entrepreneurs can be sustainable in business. Interview respondents were selected from a random sampling conducted on 15 Muslim women entrepreneurs in Kelantan. These findings indicate the dry food product business is more sustainable than wet goods because the sale of dry goods is always in demand and does not require much initial capital. This study shows that the factors that influence the survival of Muslim women small entrepreneurs in Kelantan are divided into three categories i.e., First financial capital, the human capital of an inherited business and the family experience gained in the field plays a role. Last, the patient's spiritual element, which is deliberate and honest.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN FACILITATING TRAINING TRANSFER AND GOAL SETTING AMONGST SMALL BUSINESSWOMEN: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Knowledge and skills have become the most crucial resource capital which enables organizations to survive in the ever changing business environment. One of the common strategies for organizations to increase their performance and productivity is through training and the main role of human resource development is to fulfil the needs of the organizations by providing employees with up to date expertise, information, knowledge and skills. Since huge financial investments and enormous time are allocated for training, organizations hope that the training will lead to the desired workoutcomes. However, this does not always happen. There is only a small percentage of training programs which had successfully shown lasting transferability to the workplace and this indicates thatunderstanding and improving the training transfer process is still a major concern for training researchers and practitioners. As training transfer is influenced by several variables at different levels of analysis, this study attempts to investigate the relationship between training transfer determinants, the involvement of different stakeholders and training activities in the training process. Specifically, this study investigates the influence of training transfer determinants on goal setting amongst small businesswomen. In addition, it will emphasize the roles of primary stakeholders in the social networkat different times during the training process towards achieving training transfer. Therefore, the framework postulates social networks as a moderating variable in enhancing training transfer andgoal setting amongst small businesswomen.

The Role of Design Factors in Influencing Training Transfer among Small Businesswomen

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of design factors which consist of training content, training delivery, trainer competency and opportunity to use on small businesswomen’s goal setting activities. The instrument for this research is adapted and modified from the Training Transfer Model and Model for Excellence (American Society of Training and Development Competency Research). Four independent variables: training content, training delivery and trainer’s competency and opportunity to use; and goal setting as dependent variable formed the framework for this research. Multiple regressions were used to investigate the relationship between design factors and goal setting. Findings from a survey of 246 small businesswomen attending training programs organized by government agencies showed that opportunity to use made the strongest contribution towards goal setting followed by training content, trainer’s competency and training delivery. Awareness on the constraints or barriers in the design factors can assist the primary stakeholders (organizer and trainers) and human resource personnel in developing effective training programs. Thus, this alertness can help to create a fair situation for them to accomplish their training objectives. Finally it is also beneficial to the trainees to transfer the knowledge and skills to their own businesses.

The Role of Design Factors in Influencing Training Transfer among Small Businesswomen

The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of design factors which consist of training content, training delivery, trainer competency and opportunity to use on small businesswomen’s goal setting activities. The instrument for this research is adapted and modified from the Training Transfer Model and Model for Excellence (American Society of Training and Development Competency Research). Four independent variables: training content, training delivery and trainer’s competency and opportunity to use; and goal setting as dependent variable formed the framework for this research. Multiple regressions were used to investigate the relationship between design factors and goal setting. Findings from a survey of 246 small businesswomen attending training programs organized by government agencies showed that opportunity to use made the strongest contribution towards goal setting followed by training content, trainer’s competency and training delivery. Awareness on the constraints or barriers in the design factors can assist the primary stakeholders (organizer and trainers) and human resource personnel in developing effective training programs. Thus, this alertness can help to create a fair situation for them to accomplish their training objectives. Finally it is also beneficial to the trainees to transfer the knowledge and skills to their own businesses.

Impact of individual factors on the business performance of women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka

Sri Lankan women have only recently taken an active role in the business sector of the country. However, they are seemed competing on an equal footing with the men, in the business field. This empirical investigation attempted to understand the impact of personal and industrial factors on the business performance of women entrepreneurs in Sri Lanka. This empirical study examined the applicability of five theoretical perspectives derived from studies in USA and Israel. These five theoretical perspectives include Motivation and Goals, Social Learning Theory, Network Affiliation Human Capital and industrial factors. Each of these variables was ope-rationalized using 4 or 5 dimensions and sub dimensions. This study sheds light on the explanatory power of these five perspectives in the Sri Lankan context. Six hypotheses and six major research questions were developed and tested. A survey was conducted to gather primary data by selecting 100 small business women from Galle, Colombo and Ratnapura districts and that data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation analysis. The reliability was tested using Chronbatch’s Alfa value method and all the variables carried equal or above 0.65. The best fit model of the multiple linear regression includes only three variables such as Motivation & Goals, Human Capital and Industrial factors and excludes the Social Learning Theory and Network Affiliation because their ability to predict the Business Performance is negligible. The correlation analysis too showed strong positive correlations between Business Performance of Sri Lankan women entrepreneurs and Motivation & Goals and Human Capital. Social Learning Theory and Network Affiliation showed positive correlations with Business Performance. But the relationships were not much vivid. There is a very strong positive correlation between Business Performance of small business women and Industrial factors with a 0.721 of coefficient of correlation at a 99% significant level. Overall, this research suggests that theories regarding women entrepreneurship in particular, derived from researches in developed countries need to be carefully examined and tested before being used in developing or non-developed country contexts like Sri Lanka. But in special cases those theories can be applied with slight modifications so that many benefits can be gained from them. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/suslj.v11i1.5977 Sabaragamuwa University Journal 2012; V. 11 No. 1 pp 139-165

Women in Small Businesses: A Study of Entrepreneurial Motivation

As the economic development of any nation is found to be depending on businesses by women entrepreneurs as well among other factors, there is continuous need for the study of motivating factors with changing society patterns and increasing globalisation. Women from all age groups are found to be taking up the entrepreneurial activities and for each age group motivating factors are different. This paper throws light on the relationship between the motivating factors and age groups, with the help of tables. The data was collected from one hundred respondents through exploratory survey using a questionnaire. Statistical tools of mean and standard deviation were applied to the data to interpret the results. The paper is concluded by outlining the reasons for exploring motivations, implications, results and limitations, and setting a pathway for further research on the matter.

Determinants of business networking behaviour of women in small businesses

Networking is important for small business owners as it can increase the success rate of their business (Carter and Evans, 2006). For many women business owners a lack of networking and limited access to high profile social and business contacts can have negative implications for their capacity to grow and further develop their business (Neergaard, Shaw, and Carter, 2005). This research reviews the impact of five dependent variables; motivation, industry, industry experience, education, and family responsibility on the networking behaviour of small women business owners. The overarching research question for this study is: What is the networking behaviour of small business women?

Kontribusi Ekonomi Perempuan Penjual Ayam Goreng Gerobak di Beberapa Pasar Satelit di Kota Padang

Increased socio-economic demands has elevated the complexity of family needs. To fulfill all these needs, women should participate in making a living. This study aimed to look at the economic performance of women in small business, particularly in-cart-fried-chicken business; identify the constraints faced and provide an alternative to overcome the constraints. The study was conducted by survey method with respondents of in-cart-fried-chicken seller on some market centers in Padang city. The sample is determined by proportional allocation of 15 people, meanshile the data were analyzed using descriptive analysis method. The results of research is that the economic performance of women in this business is quite low with 5.07 working hours per day. Approximately 32.5% of all those business- women participate in all activities from planning to marketing. This business is potential enough to be developed, with an average income level of USD 92,259.58 per day and approximately 1.29 R/C ratio. Internal constraints faced by these women is the pattern of relations in the family that marginalize women's role in meeting the economic needs of families, while the external constraint is the difficulty to seek additional capital for business development and fluctuations in the price of chicken as main raw material. An alternative that can be offered is to open a branch business at home for women to devote more time, and access to soft loans which apply an unheavy terms. The conclusion of the research was that women had roles in making a living for the family, however, the role is low because there were patriarchi values as internal constraints and capital as the main external constraint. The solution is to find for a soft loan and establish good relationships with suppliers of raw materials.

Gender‐comparative use of small business training and assistance: a literature review

Undertakes a gender‐comparative review and comparison of the Australian and international literature on the use, needs and awareness of government and independent sources of training and assistance for women in small business to identify whether women's needs differ from those of men and whether existing delivery mechanisms disadvantage them. Consolidates findings of research and sets an agenda for researchers, policy makers and assistance providers. The findings highlight: the potential for accountants, the most used source, to expand their role; the formulation of quality standards and accreditation for consultants engaged by government; electronic information technology systems to mitigate location and language barriers; and user‐friendly training content and delivery. Future research should clearly delineate between the various sources of training and assistance; their use and usefulness; the awareness, use and needs of women; and variations over business life‐cycle stages.

Motivation & Success: Mixed Motivations for Women in Small Business in Regional Victoria.

In this paper factors that motivate women to take up and stay in small businesses in rural and regional areas are analysed in relation to research undertaken in 2001 with 359 women from the Western Region of Victoria. A modification of a typology of business motivation developed by Baines and Wheelock (1998) is posited to acknowledge the variety of motivations and aspirations operating among the women. There is a strong theme of family and personal survival and security that in all likelihood reflects a push factor from the macro-economic context of rural decline. On the other hand there is also strong evidence of an achievement theme, showing commitment to entrepreneurial culture and growth, but this is inextricably bound to notions of personal achievement and self-worth, a legacy perhaps from a history of women’s invisibility in the rural context.

Gender Differences in Small Business Owner-Managers

Based on the findings of a literature review of over 425 articles and reports on women in small business commissioned by the Department of Industry, Science and Tourism in Australia, factors that have a gender-specific impact on women in small business are identified. These factors include age, education and experience; motivations, values and risk-taking; business and financial planning; financing; training and business assistance needs; networks and mentoring; and legal issues. Suggestions are made on how the help and advice of accountants and other assistance providers may be influenced by these gender differences.

Women’s business: the flexible alternative workstyle for women

Women’s participation in the small business sector is a growing phenomenon worldwide. While considerable research has been conducted into the reasons why women enter small business and their penchant for operating solo operations or micro businesses (up to five employees) less is known about the heterogeneous nature of women in small business and the reasons behind their “failure” to “grow” their businesses. The research reported here concerns a major study into the status of women in small business in Australia. Apart from examining barriers which may prevent women from expanding their businesses the findings address a new paradigm of women in small business. This paradigm captures the multiple trajectories that women follow in their businesses the type of businesses that they operate and their relation to the stages of a woman’s/business life cycle. The findings hold important implications for policy makers who are attempting to devise programmes to assist this growing segment of the small business sector.

Information Needs of Women in Small Businesses in Botswana

This small, exploratory study investigates information needs of women in small businesses in Botswana in order to establish how these needs arise, and factors which influence information seeking habits. The methodology employed was structured interviews. Stratified sampling was used to target women in the small business sector. Institutions, which serve the small business sector, were also consulted. The identified information needs were business management, sources of financial assistance, business diversification and legal information. The study also found that women obtain most of their business information through informal channels and that women lack awareness of formal information resources. The study makes recommendations on how to design an appropriate information service for women in small businesses.