Women In Rajasthan Research Articles

An Application of Scan Statistics in Identification and Analysis of Hotspot of Crime against Women in Rajasthan, India

An Application of Scan Statistics in Identification and Analysis of Hotspot of Crime against Women in Rajasthan, India

Gender, identity and higher education: young Meena women in Rajasthan, India

ABSTRACT Several communities in India have defined the contours of the extent and quality of women’s education based on the shifts in the demands of marriage within the community. The following paper traces a similar pattern in the educational trajectories of first-generation women of the Meena community across the rural and urban areas, to access the state government’s women’s college in Sawai Madhopur, Rajasthan, India. The relevant data has been collected through fieldwork conducted in Sawai Madhopur in the year 2017. The paper explores the complicity of the women’s college with the institutions of family and marriage that result in a complete elimination of the classroom as a meaningful space of learning for women. The paper focuses on these and other such costs that Meena women bear for access to education.

An initiative to strengthen MSME for socio economic development and empowerment of rural women in Rajasthan

An initiative to strengthen MSME for socio economic development and empowerment of rural women in Rajasthan

Menstrual regulation: examining the incidence, methods, and sources of care of this understudied health practice in three settings using cross-sectional population-based surveys

BackgroundMenstrual regulation is a practice that may exist within the ambiguity surrounding one’s pregnancy status and has been the subject of limited research. The aim of this study is to measure the annual rate of menstrual regulation in Nigeria, Cote d’Ivoire, and Rajasthan, India, overall and by background characteristics and to describe the methods and sources women use to bring back their period.MethodsData come from population-based surveys of women aged 15–49 in each setting. In addition to questions on women’s background characteristics, reproductive history, and contraceptive experiences, interviewers asked women whether they had ever done something to bring back their period at a time when they were worried they were pregnant, and if so, when it occurred and what methods and source they used. A total of 11,106 reproductive-aged women completed the survey in Nigeria, 2,738 in Cote d’Ivoire, and 5,832 in Rajasthan. We calculated one-year incidence of menstrual regulation overall and by women’s background characteristics separately for each context using adjusted Wald tests to assess significant. We then examined the distribution of menstrual regulation methods and sources using univariate analyses. Method categories included surgery, medication abortion pills, other pills (including unknown pills), and traditional or "other" methods. Source categories included public facilities or public mobile outreach, private or non-governmental facilities or doctors, pharmacy or chemist shops, and traditional or "other" sources.ResultsResults indicate substantial levels of menstrual regulation in West Africa with a one-year incidence rate of 22.6 per 1,000 women age 15–49 in Nigeria and 20.6 per 1,000 in Cote d’Ivoire; women in Rajasthan reported only 3.3 per 1,000. Menstrual regulations primarily involved traditional or “other” methods in Nigeria (47.8%), Cote d’Ivoire (70.0%), and Rajasthan (37.6%) and traditional or “other” sources (49.4%, 77.2%, and 40.1%, respectively).ConclusionThese findings suggest menstrual regulation is not uncommon in these settings and may put women’s health at risk given the reported methods and sources used. Results have implications for abortion research and our understanding of how women manage their fertility.

Use of modern contraceptives by women with disabilities in Rajasthan, India: An analysis of the annual health survey

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to analyze associations between disability and contraceptive use among married women in Rajasthan, India. Methods: The study uses secondary analysis of the Rajasthan dataset of the 2010–2011 Annual Heath Survey. This survey included both disability and reproductive health data. The sample includes 238,240 women aged 15–49 years. Logistic regression is used to measure associations between disability status and use of modern contraceptives and female sterilization in the sample. Stratified analyses by age and residence were also conducted. Results: The prevalence of disability among women of reproductive age was 0.9%. Modern contraceptive use was reported by 73.0% of the sample, and female sterilization by 57.7% of the sample. Women with disabilities (WWD) were less likely to report using a modern contraceptive (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.78, 0.95). Among modern method users, WWD were not significantly more likely to be using sterilization than another modern method; however, there were significantly higher odds of sterilization versus another modern method for urban WWD (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.11, 2.22). Conclusions: In this study, disability was associated with contraceptive use. Additional research is needed to determine if there is a causal relationship between disability and contraceptive use. Family planning providers should be trained to provide care to WWD and the Government of India should ensure the National Family Planning Programme is accessible to people with disabilities.

Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Capability: Evidence from Urban Working Women in Rajasthan

Impact of Financial Literacy on Financial Capability: Evidence from Urban Working Women in Rajasthan

Do Psychological Fear Factors in the Poor Pregnant Women Lead to Anemia?

Background: Anemia very specifically iron deficiency anemia remains a threat for the women of reproductive thereby increasing the maternal and neonatal mortality. Besides pregnancy depressions, there are a wide range of psychological fears that run in the minds of pregnant women in Rajasthan altering either their eating pattern or affecting their antenatal care and visits which directly or indirectly become a cause for anemia. Objectives: The aim is to identify the psychological fear factors leading to anemia in the target group. Materials and Methods: Questionnaire-based, descriptive study of the pregnant women at Janana Hospital for their antenatal visits and delivery. Description statistics was applied to come to the inferences. Results: It was found that fear of the pandemic, violence by the intimate partner, fear of girl child, and the taunt arising from the mother having no male kept the pregnant women away from the antenatal care which led to a late diagnosis of anemia. Barrenness and occult practices altered their approach to diet which too became a cause for anemia. Mud eating also had an impact on anemia (picca). Conclusion and Recommendation: Psychological factors have a role in causing anemia during pregnancy. Proper education, awareness programs specially in this pandemic period.

Can you repeat the question? Paradata as a lens to understand respondent experience answering cognitively demanding, sensitive questions.

Survey researchers hope that respondents will provide high-quality data, but evidence suggests that social desirability bias may be commonplace. Social desirability can lead to significant underreporting or overreporting of sensitive behaviors. With better understanding of the cognitive processes that respondents use to prepare and deliver their responses, survey designers could hope to minimize social desirability bias or at least detect settings that lessen its impact. The primary objective of this study was to use survey paradata to understand the psychology of responding to certain types of survey questions. More specifically, we sought to determine how emotional triggering can alter response latencies to cognitively demanding and sensitive survey questions on induced abortion, which is underreported. We hypothesize that having had a prior abortion might lengthen response times to an indirect question about abortion among respondents who have experienced this sensitive reproductive outcome as they hesitate in deciding whether and how to respond to the question. Data come from a representative survey of 6,035 reproductive age women in Rajasthan, India. We used list experiment question active screen time paradata in conjunction with responses from direct questions on abortion to assess our hypothesis. Our final model was a multivariate linear regression with random effects at the level of the interviewer, including adjustments for respondent, community, and interviewer characteristics to estimate within-respondent effects. Results suggest that women who reported an abortion on the direct abortion questions took 5.11 (95% CI 0.21, 10.00) seconds longer to respond to the list experiment treatment list compared to the control list in comparison to women who did not report an abortion on the direct abortion questions. This study demonstrates the additional insights gained when focusing on response latencies to cognitively demanding questions involved in the measurement of sensitive behaviors.

Impact of Women Dairy Self-Help Groups on Employment Generation of Women in Rajasthan

Impact of Women Dairy Self-Help Groups on Employment Generation of Women in Rajasthan

Patient Perceptions of ANC Services Among the Women in Rajasthan

Abstract Objectives Access to quality ante-natal care (ANC) during pregnancy can prevent a large number of risks at birth caused by low birthweight, prematurity, congenital abnormalities or asphyxia. Satisfaction with ANC services is an important yet neglected aspect of quality of care that could help to improve maternal and child health outcomes through better compliance and adoption of optimal health and nutrition practices during pregnancy. This study aims to assess women's perceived satisfaction with ANC services and its association with compliance behaviour during pregnancy. Methods We considered existing theoretical frameworks such as the Interaction Model of Client Health Behavior to design a Likert scale based self-assessment tool for satisfaction with a score ranging from 1 to 4. This tool was administered to 8583 mothers with children under three years of age across six districts of Rajasthan. Satisfaction with respect to the most recent pregnancy was assessed. We conducted exploratory factor analysis to construct the satisfaction scales for the respondents. Multivariate analysis was conducted to understand the association of satisfaction levels with key explanatory variables including caste, wealth, education, number of ANC visits, and iron and folic acid tablet consumption as a key indicator for compliance. Results Majority of the women were satisfied with the respectful treatment and support provided by the ANC providers. They reported being less satisfied with the individual attention they received. Information and treatment/referral provided by the health workers for management of infections was reported to be the least satisfying aspect of ANC. Further, satisfaction among beneficiaries was positively and significantly associated with the number of ANC visits and consumption of iron and folic acid tablets. Satisfaction with respect to health information provided was significantly higher for women with secondary level education and above, in comparison to illiterate women. Conclusions The ANC experience needs to be improved to provide individual attention to pregnant women and counsel them to manage and seek timely treatment for infections. Better satisfaction is likely to lead to better compliance and nutritional behaviour, thereby contributing to better mother and child health outcomes. Funding Sources Children's Investment Fund Foundation.

A Mathematical Modelling of Crimes Against Women in Rajasthan

Crimes against women represent one of the evils of societies more so in societies where women are more vulnerable. Based on the prevailing classification of crimes against women, the study aims at examining whether different crimes behave identically or differently. The mathematical model shows that while crimes like rape and cruelty by husband follow an exponential function, crimes like kidnapping and abduction, assault with the intent to insult their modesty and indecent representation of women follow a (quadratic) polynomial function. Finally, immoral trafficking of women appears to follow none of the functions/distributions considered. Different approaches to addressing these crimes may, therefore, work better than a single approach.

Can a List Experiment Improve Validity of Abortion Measurement?

Although induced abortion is common, measurement issues have long made this area of research challenging. The current analysis applies an indirect method known as the list experiment to try to improve survey‐based measurement of induced abortion. We added a double list experiment to a population‐based survey of reproductive age women in Rajasthan, India and compared resulting abortion estimates to those we obtained via direct questioning in the same sample. We then evaluated list experiment assumptions. The final sample completing the survey consisted of 6,035 women. Overall, 1.8 percent of the women reported a past abortion via the list experiment questions, whereas 3.5 percent reported an abortion via the direct questions, and this difference was statistically significant. As such, the list experiment failed to produce more valid estimates of this sensitive behavior on a population‐based survey of reproductive age women in Rajasthan, India. One explanation for the poor list experiment performance is our finding that key assumptions of the methodology were violated. Women may have mentally enumerated the treatment list items differently from the way they enumerated control list items. Further research is required to determine whether researchers can learn enough about how the list experiment performs in different contexts to effectively and consistently leverage its potential benefits to improve measurement of induced abortion.

IMPACT ANALYSIS OF MGNREGA ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN RAJASTHAN

A major section in world is facing problem of poverty and unemployment. Rural people specifically women are the victims of this poverty and unemployment, in order to eliminate these, government also undertake some employment and poverty alleviation programmes like MGNREGA. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is first ever law internationally, that guarantees wage employment at an unprecedented scale. The primary objective of the MGNREGA is augmenting wage employment. Its auxiliary objective is strengthening natural resource management through works that address causes of chronic poverty like deforestation, drought and soil erosion and so encourage sustainable development. To strengthen the democratic system and enhance transparency and accountability in it, the process outcomes are focused towards improving the grassroots methodology of democracy. This paper discuss benefits of MGNREGA and its implementation, it focus to identify the influence and role of MGNREGA in rural women development and growth, and also suggested for the better implementation of this scheme. Mainly on the basis of primary data analysis, this paper attempts to highlight the role of MGNREGA in the empowerment of women in Rajasthan. The current research study will forth valuable insights with respect to the implementation of the Act and would indubitably function as an eye-opener for the authorities and policy makers to recognize and remedy the problems and constraints in the implementation KEYWORDS: MGNREGA, Poverty, Rajasthan, Women Empowerment

Testing the effectiveness of Pasu Sakhi: An innovation for resource poor farm women in Rajasthan

The present investigation was conducted to assess the effectiveness of Pasu Sakhi, a woman empowerment model in animal husbandry which is being carried out through Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP), a sub-component of National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM). The study was conducted in four districts of Rajasthan namely Alwar, Dholpur, Tonk and Dausa where the livestock component is being implemented through Pasu Sakhi (PS) model. The data were collected in the month of April 2016 by focused group discussions, observation and a semi-structured interview schedule to elicit the response from PS and woman farmer clients. The results revealed that the Project Implementing Agency (PIA) in Rajasthan, namely Centre for micro Finance (CmF), Jaipur effectively harnessed the social capital which was built up over a decade in earlier projects and greatly helped to achieve the targets set aside at grass root level through partner organisations in each selected district. The beneficiaries, although belonged to poor households could able to adopt few selected technologies such as deworming, mineral mixture feeding and milk products preparation. This paper discusses the various parameters of effectiveness of Pasu Sakhi model and suggests measures to further strengthen the same as a future demand driven gender sensitive decentralised extension model in the animal husbandry sector.

A study of an influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 outbreak in pregnant women in Rajasthan, India.

To describe the clinical and epidemiological factors of influenza A (H1N1)pdm09-infected patients who were pregnant or in the puerperal period during a recent influenza outbreak in Rajasthan, India. A retrospective, observational study was performed using hospital records of individuals with confirmed influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection admitted to a large tertiary care center in Rajasthan, India, between January 1 and March 15, 2015. The study cohort included 44 patients who were pregnant or in the puerperal period. The mean age was significantly lower in the study cohort than in other female patients treated for influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection at the hospital during the study period (25.45±3.45years vs 40.46±13.99 years; P<0.001). Mortality was significantly higher in the study cohort than in the comparison female patients (36% vs 17%; P=0.003). Factors found to be associated with mortality were delayed initiation of oseltamivir, poor oxygen saturation at admission, and more than 50% lung involvement under radiographic examination. None of the patients in the study cohort had received a vaccination against seasonal influenza. Influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 infection during pregnancy causes more severe illness. Early recognition and timely administration of antiviral therapy can improve outcomes. The role of influenza vaccination in this high-risk population cannot be overemphasized.

Partnering for Promotion of Digital Literacy Among Women in Rajasthan Through Bhartiya Model of Digital Literacy

Being digitally literate is the need of the hour and utmost important for upliftment and empowerment of women. This paper presents the conceptual framework of Digital Literacy (DL) and introduces the Indian model termed as BMDL. It identifies various initiatives launched by Government of India for DL and further highlights the first of its kind of initiative proposed by Banasthali Vidyapith (the largest fully residential university for women’s education in the world) to join hands with suitable partners under CSR for enhancing DL of about 10,000 women at campus and surrounding villages of Rajasthan.

Antenatal care among currently married women in Rajasthan, India

ObjectiveTo assess the utilization of antenatal care (ANC) services among currently married women in Rajasthan. MethodsThe data have been extracted from District Level Household and Facility Survey (DLHS-3) which was conducted during 2007-2008, all over India. A total of 12 458 currently married women in the age group of 15-49 were taken as the sample for the study. Cross tabulation and binary logistic regression method were applied to determine the factors influencing ANC. ResultsOut of 12 458 respondents, 43.4 percent women not received even a single ANC during their pregnancy period. 45.1 percent of the women not received tetanus toxoid injection and 13.0 percent of the women not received Iron folic acid tablets during their pregnancy period. Only 6.6 percent of women fulfilled the minimum recommendation with regard ANC services. ConclusionsThe study points to the avenues through which policy makers can formulate and implement policies on a realistic basis by identifying critical variables and target groups for effective utilisation of ANC.

36 PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN RAJASTHAN

36 PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS E VIRUS INFECTION AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN IN RAJASTHAN

Assessments of the Importance of Provider Characteristics for Abortion Care: Data From Women in Rajasthan, India

While client satisfaction is a widely recognized component of effective reproductive health care services, little is known about women's perspectives toward abortion care and providers. We use data from a large, community-based abortion knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey in Rajasthan, India, to describe women's assessments of the importance of eight attributes of potential abortion providers and to investigate the sociodemographic differentials in these assessments. Women prioritized technical aspects of abortion care, including provider skill and an equipped facility, and they deemphasized distance and postabortion contraceptive requirements. Although assessments were stable across many sociodemographic factors, the priorities of urban and rural women varied significantly. Women's prioritization of provider attributes should be incorporated into abortion services.

Religion as a bridge between theory and practice in work on violence against women in Rajasthan

This article shows how a focus on religion can highlight how and why violence is so deeply engrained in the lives of women in Rajasthan whilst also, through insights into ritual, illuminating those moments when women use religion as a source of strength and courage in responding to violence. Interviews with some secular NGOs working to end violence against women in Rajasthan reveal their focus on the negative impact of patriarchal religion in sustaining male dominance, thereby sanctioning the use of violence against women. Ethnographic research looking at women-only ritual spaces reveals how positive religion can be for many women as a social and spiritual space where they work through their problems both internally and with others. A simultaneously positive and negative view of religion could help outsiders understand why violence exists whilst also supporting creative and sensitive activism working with those women most affected.