Justice Women Research Articles

The First Women in Justice of the Republic of Latvia (1918–1940)

Until the founding of the Republic of Latvia, women were practically excluded from law studies and work in the justice system. The territory of Latvia was part of the Russian Empire and thus subject to the 1864 judicial reform and its laws, which required a law degree and experience to be eligible for working in the justice system and prohibited women from these positions. Following the founding of the Republic of Latvia in 1918 and, more specifically, the establishment of the University of Latvia which had a stronger focus on gender equality in 1919, Latvian women finally had the opportunity to earn the necessary degrees and pursue careers in the judiciary. However, to gain the required experience and be admitted to practice in the court, Bar association, or notaria, women initially needed someone to employ them. In this regard, specific well-known men with liberal worldviews played a significant role.

Understanding gender injustice in early marriage: Challenges faced by women

The form of gender inequality between women and men outlines the existence of female gender inequality, one of which is the phenomenon of early marriage. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the forms of gender inequality in women who commit early marriage. The research method uses a constructivism paradigm with a qualitative descriptive research type. The participants of this study consist of women who have entered into early marriages, while the focal point of investigation lies in discerning the various manifestations of gender injustice experienced within this demographic. Informants were purposefully selected, utilizing purposive sampling techniques to ensure comprehensive representation and depth in data collection. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The data validity checking technique uses source triangulation and member checking. The findings of this research underscore the intricate interplay between gender injustice and entrenched cultural norms within the context of early marriage, illuminating the perpetuation of traditions and cultural practices across generations. Specifically, the study reveals pervasive forms of marginalization, subordination, stereotype reinforcement, instances of violence, and the imposition of double workloads experienced by women who engage in early marriages. Gender injustice in women from early marriage views women as having a lower status compared to men. The latest finding is that education is the single most effective weapon in fighting gender inequality and reducing the rate of early marriage.

Perbandingan Relasi Gender Novel “Maransi” Karya A.R. Rizal dan Novel “Re: dan Perempuan” Karya Maman Suherman

This article aims to describe the results of women's gender analysis and the differences in views of A.R. Rizal and Maman Suherman regarding gender relations in their novels. This article uses a qualitative descriptive method. The object of this research is the novels "Maransi" and "Re and Perempuan". This article focuses on problems related to women's injustice and women's consciousness which are studied using gender analysis. Data was obtained using reading and note-taking techniques. The results of this research show: (1) the novel "Maransi" presents gender relations which are dominated by men. A slight difference with the novel "Re: and Perempuan" where the beginning of the story also presents male domination, but continues with the character's efforts to fight against male domination. In the end, the characters in the novel "Re: and Perempuan" prove that women are not always under the power of men. (2) The novel "Maransi" presents a story about the strong culture that influences freedom for women. The novel "Re and Perempuan" presents resistance to male domination, thus proving that women can be independent and powerful.

Movement of Muslimah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (MHTI) Against Feminism, 2000-2017

The Feminist movement became a forum to voice women's injustice which then caused social changes. However, some organizations oppose the understanding and movement of Feminism, one of them is Muslimah Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (MHTI). This study aims to find out the rejection movements and thoughts of MHTI against Feminism. There are three things discussed, The first is the development history of Indonesia Muslimah Hizbut Tahrir (MHTI). The second is MHTI’s thoughts on the role of women, and the third is MHTI’s rejection of feminism. The method type of this research is the history method, these are heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiography. This study results are MHTI was an HTI's autonomous organization that wished to establish an Islamic Caliphate based on Kaffah Islamic Syari’a. Then, MHTI argued that women's main role was to be housewives who are responsible for caring for children and fostering a harmonious family. MHTI firmly rejected feminism because it is considered as destroying the structure of men's and women's roles that had been determined in Islam. So, they acted in various regions to spread their ideas.

Mujeres en la justicia: “Lo callado"

Vemos hoy a las mujeres en la justicia, Juezas y Magistradas, con brillantes carreras, pero ¿cómo ha sido el acceso a la magistratura para la mujer? Sabemos que no han sido ni son fáciles estos caminos para las magistradas. ¿Existieron códigos no escritos que pudieron haber condicionado el acceso de la mujer a la Magistratura? ¿Conocemos esos "códigos", o son parte de "lo callado" lo que nadie quiere recordar? Quizás, las adultas mayores de la justicia puedan acercarnos algunas respuestas. Intentaremos encontrar algunas de esas "normas", argumentos y/o decires que serían parte de "lo callado" en el camino de la mujer por los "entresijos" de la Justicia.

GENDER EQUALITY IN FAMILY LAW IN MOROCCO

The rise of gender issues that have developed in Morocco has resulted in inequality which has given rise to injustice in women, in the form of marginalization, subordination and violence that occurs in the family. It is important to voice reform of legal regulations which are considered to be gender biased. This study aims to explain family law reform in Morocco and the value of gender equality in Moroccan family law. This type of research is descriptive qualitative analytic. Data was collected through literature including books, articles, institutional reports, both written and digital sources. The results of the study show that Family Law Reform in Morocco is a level of regulation in people's lives to realize equal rights and equal opportunities. The internalization of legal values contained in Family Law in Morocco is the Maliki School, which pays attention to the content of Maslahah Mursalah. The perspective of gender equality can be seen in the rules regarding the position of women and men in household life, including regarding the duties and obligations of wives and husbands to one another, divorce, conditions of marriage, and questions about children's rights. The reform of the Family Law has become the forerunner to the formation of equality practices in society, especially in the realm of the family.

Diskursus Pangan, Ekofeminisme dan Food Sovereignty di Era COVID-19

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many sectors experienced shocks, not the food sector. In the food sector, there are still many problems facing difficulties from the presence of the COVID-19 wave. Some of the contributing factors are the transformation of agriculture from traditional to modern. Since the introduction of the green revolution, food has led to an intensification framework ranging from global agricultural food production and a focus on productivity, such as requiring farmers to grow monocultures. This condition causes land degradation, environmental degradation and biodiversity so that in the long term food security is threatened. Quantity-based intensification also causes local wisdom of farmers' agriculture, such as farmers' attachment to the ecosystem, the ability to produce local seeds, and the determination of subsistence factors, one of which is the barn system. On the other hand, besides having an impact on the ecological aspect, it also has an impact on gender, which in the end leads to women's injustice. Several notes in previous research have found that agricultural intensification resulted in a gender burden in farmer households, as well as an increased burden on female farmers. The disconnection of farmers from the ecosystem, the threat of ecological cracks and gender climate change, are links that cannot be separated, because they affect each other. This paper will describe and analyze the problem of food insecurity; pay attention to gender and ecological gaps using ecofeminism and food sovereignty approaches as an effort to reconstruct the existence of food insecurity; and learn from the experience of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ENGLISH: Verses of Quran, Gender Issues, Feminine Injustice, and Media transmission - CDA of Pakistani Press Reports

Pakistan is an Islamic country and has been established in the name of Islamic ideology but rape and murder of innocent children and ladies, like Zainab presents a very ugly and obnoxious image of this Muslim nation. This research has been done to find the gender issues and feminine injustice in Pakistani press news reports from Critical Discourse Analysis viewpoint in light of teachings of Quran. It is said in the Quranic text:
 وَمَنۡ يَّعۡمَلۡ مِنَ الصّٰلِحٰتِ مِنۡ ذَكَرٍ اَوۡ اُنۡثٰى وَهُوَ مُؤۡمِنٌ فَاُولٰٓـئِكَ يَدۡخُلُوۡنَ الۡجَـنَّةَ وَلَا يُظۡلَمُوۡنَ نَقِيۡرًا
 “and whoso doeth good works, whether of male or female, and he (or she) is a believer, such will enter paradise and they will not be wronged the dint in a date- stone”. This research study is done to explain, what Quran says about gender issues and women injustice, using out press statements, images, and columns taking from both in English and Urdu languages newspapers, namely the Dawn and Express. The statements are taken during the week, after happening of brutal episode i.e. from 8 January 2018 to 14 January 2018.Inspiration of this project is created in the background of Zainab’s sexual abuse and gruesome rape, which happened in first week of January 2018. Initially the teachings of Quran, gender issues, feminine injustice and media discourse are explained briefly because injustice with ladies and children have been growing very rapidly since previous two decades in Pakistan. Then the significance of research is highlighted. This research is carried out in the paradigm of qualitative approach. Non probability purposive sampling technique is adopted for sample selection from selected newspapers. Van Dijk CDA model has been implemented for data analysis of the research, but keeping in view the hypothesis of the study the selected points are discussed only. The essential aim of the research is to focus on the pacifier and collusive stance of media, wrapped in the agenda of power which has been explored through Van Dijk CDA model.

Perempuan dan Hukum dalam Masyarakat Hukum Adat Lampung Sebatin

The interpretation of the Qur'an is often disputed. The terms of custom, culture and ideology is not one thing that descends from the sky. It is shaped by humans and socialized from one generation to other. Biological determinism has also reinforced the view. In such situations, the differences, discrimination, and injustice resulting from mistakes in understanding and interpreting the universal doctrine, create injustices against women, including the women’s rights and position in Lampung Sebatin customary law community. This article discusses the rights and position of women in Lampung Sebatin customary law community and the form of injustice for women in the society. The conclusion shows that, firstly, women's rights and position in Lampang Sebatin customary law community are far from fair principles. Not fair either in marriage law or inheritance law. Second, the form of injustice for women in indigenous communities of Lampung Sebatin, from gender analysis is marginalization, penomorduaan and labeling, violence, and excessive workload.

REZIM SEKSUALITAS DAN AGAMA SKETSA POLITIK TUBUH PEREMPUAN DALAM ISLAM

This paper examines the various issues of sexuality in Islamic discourse. The discussion in this study attempts to examine the discourse of female sexuality at the beginning of Prophet's prophethood and then evolves over the development of the age to give birth to various inequalities and injustices against women in the sexual realm. There are at least three issues concerning sexual injustice in women; first, the Islamic tradition in the post-Prophetical Jurisprudence which places women as 'male sexual needs ministers' and 'sexual generations'. Second, the tendency of female body consumerism in modern industrial civilization. Third, local traditions in certain cultures still attach stereotypes to women as 'passengers' of male social glory.

REZIM SEKSUALITAS DAN AGAMA SKETSA POLITIK TUBUH PEREMPUAN DALAM ISLAM

This paper examines the various issues of sexuality in Islamic discourse. The discussion in this study attempts to examine the discourse of female sexuality at the beginning of Prophet's prophethood and then evolves over the development of the age to give birth to various inequalities and injustices against women in the sexual realm. There are at least three issues concerning sexual injustice in women; first, the Islamic tradition in the post-Prophetical Jurisprudence which places women as 'male sexual needs ministers' and 'sexual generations'. Second, the tendency of female body consumerism in modern industrial civilization. Third, local traditions in certain cultures still attach stereotypes to women as 'passengers' of male social glory.

Health care justice and its implications for current policy of a mandatory waiting period for elective tubal sterilization

Tubal sterilization during the immediate postpartum period is 1 of the most common forms of contraception in the United States. This time of the procedure has the advantage of 1-time hospitalization, which results in ease and convenience for the woman. The USCollaborative Review of Sterilization Study indicates the high efficacy and effectiveness of postpartum tubal sterilization. Oral and written informed consent is the ethical and legal standard for the performance of elective tubal sterilization for permanent contraception for all patients, regardless of source of payment. Current health care policy and practice regarding elective tubal sterilization for Medicaid beneficiaries places a unique requirement on these patients and their obstetricians: a mandatory waiting period. This requirement originates in decades-old legislation, which we briefly describe. We then introduce the concept of health care justice in professional obstetric ethics and explain how it originates in the ethical concepts of medicine as a profession and of being a patient and its deontologic and consequentialist dimensions. We next identify the implications of health care justice for the current policy of a mandatory 30-day waiting period. We conclude that Medicaid policy allocates access to elective tubal sterilization differently, based on source of payment and gender, which violates health care justice in both its deontologic and consequentialist dimensions. Obstetricians should invoke health care justice in women's health care as the basis for advocacy for needed change in law and health policy, to eliminate health care injustice in women's access to elective tubal sterilization.

The Questions We Left Behind: Reflections from a Teaching Theologian

: While the ordination of women made great strides in ending gender injustice for women in church-related vocations, women also have raised other questions, specifically: the appropriate role of experience in theological discourse and moral deliberation; the displacement of advocacy by representation; and the tension between the personal and the political. Fore-mothers leave behind these issues for their after-daughters, as they meet challenges their fore-mothers in the faith could hardly imagine.

Femicide: The Politics of Woman Killing

Femicide is as old as patriarchy the patriarchal home - the most lethal place for women femicide and racism the mass media, pornography and gorenography femicide and the travesties of justice women fighting back against femicide.