Cancer Screening In Women Research Articles

The Effect of Text messages and Education on Cancer Screening in Women Aged 30-65

Abstract Background Despite it is known that cancer screenings reduce cancer-related deaths, screening rates are still inadequate. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of text messaging and training on cancer screening in women aged 30-65. Methods This non-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 women aged 30-65 between November 2023 and April 2024 in Tekirdağ, Türkiye. Participants were divided into the text message group (TMG) (n = 60), the training group (TG) (n = 60), and the control group (CG) (n = 60). In the text message group, every participant received text messages about cancer and importance of screening procedures, one a day for ten days. The training group was educated for a session that lasted 45 min. Data was collected both before and 3 months after the intervention, using a questionnaire that included two parts (sociodemographic characteristics and stages of change for cancer screening practices). Data was analyzed using the Marginal Homogeneity test. Results The rates of those who had a pap smear test, breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, and stool occult blood screening were found to be significantly higher in both the text message group and the training group in the post-test than the pre-test. (p<.001). In the text message group, there was an increased rate of 43.4% for pap smear test, 25% for BSE, 17.3% for mammography, and 10% for stool occult blood screening. In the training group, there was an increased rate of 31,7 % for pap smear test, 26,7% for BSE, 13,3% for mammography, and 23,4 % for stool occult blood screening. There was no change in the control group. Conclusions The results showed that both text messages and training about cancer screening are effective in increasing the rate of cervix, breast, and colorectal cancer screening. Key messages • Text messaging about cancer screening is as effective as training in increasing the rate of cervix, breast, and colorectal cancer screening. • Text messaging interventions may be an effective and practical way to increase cancer screening rates in populations most affected by health disparities.

Determinants of cervical cancer screening among women of childbearing age in four sub-Saharan African countries: insights from large population surveys

BackgroundCervical cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women in Africa. Cervical cancer screening in women is associated with decreased incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. There is a dearth of recent data regarding the prevalence and associated factors of cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa. Therefore, this study is intended to determine the prevalence and associated factors impacting cervical cancer screening among women in four sub-Saharan African countries.MethodsData from the recent demographic and health surveys of four countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted between 2022 and 2023. Multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression was used to determine the factors associated with the outcome variable. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared statistically significant.ResultsThe prevalence of cervical cancer screening among women of childbearing age in four sub-Saharan African countries was 8.90% (95% CI: 8.67%, 9.13%). At the individual level, being older, educated, non-breastfeeding, employed, wealthier, sexually active, using contraceptives, having media exposure, visiting healthcare facilities in the last 12 months, and residing in urban areas were associated with higher odds of cervical cancer screening. At the community level, being from communities with a high level of literacy and media exposure increases the odds of cervical cancer screening among women in sub-Saharan Africa.ConclusionThe prevalence of cervical cancer screening among childbearing-age women was found to be low. To improve cervical cancer screening practices among women of childbearing age, it is therefore advised to support women’s empowerment, mass media campaigns, and regular visits to healthcare facilities.

Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening among under- and neverscreened women in Flanders, Belgium – a qualitative study on community and healthcare providers’ perspectives

BackgroundCervical cancer is detectable and preventable in premalignant stages. In 2013, a population-based cervical cancer screening (CCS) programme was set up in Flanders (Belgium) promoting screening by means of sending reminder letters. Yet, in 2021, only a CCS coverage of 63.6% has been reached, which is just a bare increase since the implementation of the programme (62.7% in 2013) (Jaarrapport 2022, Centrum voor Kankeropsporing (CvKO), 2022; Jaarrapport 2015, Centrum voor Kankeropsporing (CvKO), 2015).ObjectivesTo explore the characteristics of under- and neverscreened women in Flanders and to gain a better understanding of the barriers that prevent these women from attending CCS as well as factors that may facilitate CCS uptake.MethodsTwelve in-depth interviews and six focus group discussions were conducted with gynaecologists, general practitioners, community health workers and stakeholders providing support to women belonging to potentially underscreened population groups. Reported barriers and facilitators were subsequently classified using the Socio-Ecological Model (SEM). Finally, a causal loop diagram was constructed to visualise the dynamic interrelations among the barriers and facilitators.ResultsStakeholders and healthcare professionals confirm the vulnerability for cervical cancer screening in women with a substance use disorder and women with a migration background. The participation in screening among female sex workers is contingent upon their specific work environment. The group of never- or underscreened women is very heterogeneous and includes many women who are either unaware of CCS or have other priorities. A lack of focus on prevention is the most commonly reported barrier at the healthcare system level. Increasing awareness about cervical cancer (screening) and creating more opportunities for healthcare workers to offer prevention services are the primary facilitators.ConclusionTo improve screening participation in Flanders, different screening strategies tailored to a diversity of women are needed.

Breast Cancer Screening in Women with Sickle Cell Disease: A Single-Center Exploratory Study

Abstract Background Sickle cell disease is one of the most common inherited blood disorders and is associated with reduced life expectancy. As a result of prophylactic and disease-modifying therapeutic advances, more patients are reaching adulthood and mid-life, and research focusing on cancer screenings becomes more relevant. This study aims to identify patterns regarding breast cancer screening and breast composition in women with sickle cell disease. Methods This was a single-center retrospective study. Medical records of 156 individuals with sickle cell disease between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed. Results Of 156 individuals, 56% had screening mammography within the past two years. In comparison, the latest Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report showed that 70.8% of non-Hispanic Black women aged 40 and over had screening mammography within the past two years. The difference was not statistically significant; 54% of those screened had dense breasts. There was an inverse relationship between body mass index and breast density. Conclusion The results suggest that there was not a statistically significant difference in breast cancer screening rates between women with sickle cell disease and their counterparts without sickle cell disease. Our study found that there was an inverse relationship between body mass index and breast density in women with sickle cell disease which was consistent with well-established data about breast density and body mass index in the general female population. Prospective studies with larger cohorts are recommended to enhance statistical power, fostering a comprehensive understanding of cancer and cancer risk in individuals with sickle cell disease.

Providers and women’s perspectives on opportunities, challenges and recommendations to improve cervical cancer screening in women living with HIV at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital: a qualitative study

BackgroundCervical cancer screening uptake remains low despite being a critical prevention method for adult women living with HIV(WLHIV). These women experience greater incidence and persistence of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) and severe outcomes, including cervical cancer comorbidity and death.ObjectiveWe explored the opportunities, challenges, and recommendations of clinical care providers and WLHIV to improve cervical cancer screening uptake among WLHIV in Southwestern Uganda.MethodsIn a cross-sectional qualitative study from January to June 2021 at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital, we interviewed six key informant clinical care providers and held four focus group discussions with women living with HIV. Data was coded using Atlas ti software and analysed using thematic inductive analysis.ResultsThe participants identified several prevailing opportunities for cervical cancer screening, including skilled clinical care workers, public awareness for demand creation, optimized clinic flow, provider-led referrals, and peer-led information sharing that ease clinic navigation and shorten participant throughput. However, challenges occurred due to standalone services resulting in double queuing, longer clinic visit hours, missed chances for screening alongside unsupported lower health facilities leading to crowding at the referral hospital, and inadequate patient privacy measures leading to shame and stigma and the misconception that cervical cancer is incurable. Integrating HPV-DNA testing in HIV services was perceived with ambivalence; some participants worried about the quality of sample collection, while others valued the privacy it offered. Optimising self-collected DNA testing and sufficient counselling were recommended to improve cervical cancer screening uptake.ConclusionOpportunities for cervical cancer screening included trained clinical care professionals, increased public awareness, improved clinic flow, provider referrals, and peer education. Challenges, such as unsupported lower-level health facilities, misconceptions, inadequate patient privacy, and uncertainty about integrating HPV-DNA screening into HIV services, were cited. Adequate counselling and self-sample collection were recommended to foster screening. Our findings may guide healthcare programs integrating cervical cancer screening into HIV clinics to reach the 70% World Health Organisation targets by 2030.

A Systematic Review to Evaluate the Barriers to Breast Cancer Screening in Women with Disability.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. There are observed disparities in patients with disability as compared to those without disability, which leads to poor BC screening attendance, thereby worsening disease management. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to investigate if there are disparities in screening rates in women with disability as compared to those without disability, as well as the different factors that pose barriers to patients with disability for enrolment in BC screening programs. Method: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we systematically reviewed published articles between 2008 and 2023, which assessed different factors that contributed to poor attendance in BC screening programs held across different countries. Detailed study characteristics were obtained, and methodological quality assessment was performed on the individual studies included in this review. Result: A total of fifty-three articles were identified as eligible studies based on the pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. These included 7,252,913 patients diagnosed with BC (913,902 patients with disability/6,339,011 patients without disability). The results revealed there are demographic, clinical, financial, and service-related barriers that contributed to lower screening rates in disabled patients as compared to non-disabled. Patient age is the most common factor, with the highest effect observed for 80 years (vs. 30-44 years) [odds ratio (OR) = 13.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 8.27-23.47), p < 0.0001], followed by race/ethnicity for Hispanic (vs. non-Hispanic white) [OR = 9.5 (95%CI = 1.0-91.9), p < 0.05]. Additionally, patients with multiple disabilities had the highest rate of dropouts [OR = 27.4 (95%CI = 21.5-33.3)]. Other factors like education, income, marital status, and insurance coverage were essential barriers in screening programs. Conclusions: This study presents a holistic view of all barriers to poor BC screening attendance in disabled patients, thereby exacerbating health inequalities. A standardized approach to overcome the identified barriers and the need for a tailored guideline, especially for disability groups, is inevitable.

Comparison of Mammography and Mammography with Supplemental Whole-Breast US Tomography for Cancer Detection in Patients with Dense Breasts.

Women with dense breasts benefit from supplemental cancer screening with US, but US has low specificity. To evaluate the performance of breast US tomography (UST) combined with full-field digital mammography (FFDM) compared with FFDM alone for breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts. This retrospective multireader multicase study included women with dense breasts who underwent FFDM and UST at 10 centers between August 2017 and October 2019 as part of a prospective case collection registry. All patients in the registry with cancer were included; patients with benign biopsy or negative follow-up imaging findings were randomly selected for inclusion. Thirty-two Mammography Quality Standards Act-qualified radiologists independently evaluated FFDM followed immediately by FFDM plus UST for suspicious findings and assigned a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) category. The superiority of FFDM plus UST versus FFDM alone for cancer detection (assessed with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]), BI-RADS 4 sensitivity, and BI-RADS 3 sensitivity and specificity were evaluated using the two-sided significance level of α = .05. Noninferiority of BI-RADS 4 specificity was evaluated at the one-sided significance level of α = .025 with a -10% margin. Among 140 women (mean age, 56 years ±10 [SD]; 36 with cancer, 104 without), FFDM plus UST achieved superior performance compared with FFDM alone (AUC, 0.60 [95% CI: 0.51, 0.69] vs 0.54 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.64]; P = .03). For FFDM plus UST versus FFDM alone, BI-RADS 4 mean sensitivity was superior (37% [428 of 1152] vs 30% [343 of 1152]; P = .03) and BI-RADS 4 mean specificity was noninferior (82% [2741 of 3328] vs 88% [2916 of 3328]; P = .004). For FFDM plus UST versus FFDM, no difference in BI-RADS 3 mean sensitivity was observed (40% [461 of 1152] vs 33% [385 of 1152]; P = .08), but BI-RADS 3 mean specificity was superior (75% [2491 of 3328] vs 69% [2299 of 3328]; P = .04). In women with dense breasts, FFDM plus UST improved cancer detection by radiologists versus FFDM alone. Clinical trial registration nos. NCT03257839 and NCT04260620 Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Mann in this issue.

Factors Associated With Adherence of Cervical Cancer Screening in Women With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

The objective is to determine cervical cancer screening rates and factors associated with decreased cervical cancer screening in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We conducted a cross-sectional study that enrolled consecutive women (age 21-64 years) with SLE. We collected demographics, clinical characteristics, constructs of the Health Beliefs Model (HBM) (ie, susceptibility, severity, barriers, benefits, cues to action, and self-efficacy), and self-reported cervical cancer screening (confirmed with the electronic medical record). The primary outcome was adherence to cervical cancer screening according to current guidelines. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association between SLE disease activity and cervical cancer screening and explore mediation effects from HBM constructs. We enrolled 130 women with SLE. The median age was 42 years (interquartile range 32-52 years). The cervical cancer screening adherence rate was 61.5%. Women with high SLE disease activity were less likely to have cervical cancer screening versus those with low disease activity (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39-0.89; P = 0.01), which remained statistically significant after adjusting for baseline demographics and drug therapy in a multivariable model (odds ratio 0.25, 95% CI 0.08-0.79; P = 0.02). Regarding the HBM constructs, increased perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening (r = -0.30, P < 0.01) and decreased self-efficacy (r = -0.21, P = 0.02) correlated with decreased cervical cancer screening. Patients with SLE with high disease activity undergo cervical cancer screening less frequently than those with low disease activity. Perceived barriers to cervical cancer screening are moderately correlated with decreased screening. These data highlight the need to develop strategies to increase cervical cancer screening in this high-risk patient population.

Lack of social support, gender and colorectal cancer screening participation across Europe: How do screening programmes mitigate the effect of social support for men and women?

This study investigates how a lack of social support differentially affects men and women's colorectal cancer (CRC) screening participation, considering different screening strategies implemented across European countries. Although health sociology has stressed gender differences in social support and its effects on health behaviours, this was overlooked by cancer screening research. Using a data set of 65,961 women and 55,602 men in 31 European countries, we analysed the effect of social support variables on CRC screening uptake. We found that living alone and lower perceived social support were associated with lower screening uptake for both men and women. These effects were, however, stronger among men. Population-based screening programmes mitigated these effects, particularly for women, but not for men living alone. In countries with opportunistic screening programmes, social support variables remained associated with screening uptake. We conclude that cancer screening interventions should pay attention to social support and its gender-differentiated effects.

The relationship between demographic factors and known risk factors with breast cancer in women aged 30-69.

Breast cancer is one of the most important causes of cancer deaths in women. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between demographic factors and known risk factors with breast cancer in women aged 30-69. This case-control study was conducted with two matched and unmatched control groups. Three hundred fifty women aged 30-69 with breast cancer, 350 age-matched women without cancer, and 350 not age-matched women were included in the study. Controls were selected from the records of women whose breast cancer screening results were normal. Study subjects were evaluated regarding the risk factors for breast cancer. The data collection tool was a checklist including the risk factors investigated in the integrated health system. The collected data were analyzed utilizing SPSS22 software at a significance level of less than 0.05. The average age in the case group was 46.63±11.77 years and 49.61±8.39 in the unmatched control group. The average age of marriage in the case group was 21.54±4.31, and the average age of women at first pregnancy in the case group was 24.06±3.39 years. In the case group, 163 people (46.57%) lived in the city, 221 people (63.14%) were over 40 years old, and 337 people (96.28%) were married. In multivariate analysis, the variable 'age of marriage' 0.821 (0.691-0.976) and 'age of first pregnancy' 1.213 (1.020-1.443) showed a significant relationship with breast cancer which were observed as predictors of breast cancer in comparison to the unmatched control group (P-value <0.05). The age of the first pregnancy and the type of delivery were observed as predictors of breast cancer. Therefore, by performing breast cancer screening in women who are exposed to these risk factors, early diagnosis of the disease and increasing the speed of their treatment can be significantly helped.

Evaluation of the Possible Benefits of Breast Cancer Screening in Women Aged 40 to 49 Years in the Steel Valley Region, Brazil

Background: This study investigates the effectiveness of mammographic screening for women aged 40 to 49 in Brazil's Steel Valley Region. Despite a Ministry of Health recommendation to start screenings at 50, 25% of breast cancer cases occur in the 40-49 age group. Methods: The retrospective analysis, spanning 2008-2019 at Marcio Cunha Hospital, compared two groups: cancer diagnosed via screening mammography (277) and diagnostic mammography (229). Results: Results showed delayed diagnoses for non-screened women, with 4.16 times higher mortality rate. Screening facilitated earlier detection of less malignant cancers (85.9% vs. 43.7%). Women diagnosed through screening were more likely to preserve their breasts (28.9% vs. 55.5% for Radical Breast Surgery and 71.1% vs. 28.9% for Breast-Sparing Surgery), and fewer axillary lymphadenectomies were performed. All statistical tests performed returned a p-value lower than 0.05 showing high statistical significance. Conclusion: The findings support extending screening mammography access to all women over 40 in the Steel Valley region and underscore the need for broader-scale research in other areas. Recommendations include enhancing public awareness and establishing a breast cancer surveillance service.

Intervensi yang Efektif dalam Peningkatan Skrining Kanker Serviks pada Perempuan Usia Subur

This study aims to review the literature on effective interventions to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening in women of childbearing age. The method used is a systematic review through searching for articles according to the formulation of research questions using the PIO formula in the Proquest, Pubmed, Sage Journal, Science Direct, and Scopus databases. The search keywords used are ((technology[Title/Abstract]) OR (innovation[Title/Abstract])) OR (intervention[Title/Abstract])) OR (method[Title/Abstract])) AND (increase cervical cancer screening[Title/Abstract])) OR (improve cervical cancer screening[Title/Abstract]). The results showed that from 10 articles reviewed, relevant interventions were found to increase screening uptake, including the provision of SMS (education and reminder) and eVouchers, self-sampling of HPV sent by post, FCHV visits to provide education and counseling using flipchart media and booklets as well as talk shows and peer discussions by CHW. CHW conducts education using video clips and brochures, Conclusions, and relevant interventions to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening are the provision of reminder messages and eVouchers, self-sampling of HPV sent by post, mentoring interventions by FCHV or CHW for education and counseling. Keywords: Technology Intervention, Cervical Cancer Screening, Women of Childbearing Age

Breast cancer screening motivation and behaviours of women aged over 75 years: a scoping review

BackgroundThis scoping review aimed to identify and present the evidence describing key motivations for breast cancer screening among women aged ≥ 75 years. Few of the internationally available guidelines recommend continued biennial screening for this age group. Some suggest ongoing screening is unnecessary or should be determined on individual health status and life expectancy. Recent research has shown that despite recommendations regarding screening, older women continue to hold positive attitudes to breast screening and participate when the opportunity is available.MethodsAll original research articles that address motivation, intention and/or participation in screening for breast cancer among women aged ≥ 75 years were considered for inclusion. These included articles reporting on women who use public and private breast cancer screening services and those who do not use screening services (i.e., non-screeners).The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for scoping reviews was used to guide this review. A comprehensive search strategy was developed with the assistance of a specialist librarian to access selected databases including: the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Medline, Web of Science and PsychInfo. The review was restricted to original research studies published since 2009, available in English and focusing on high-income countries (as defined by the World Bank). Title and abstract screening, followed by an assessment of full-text studies against the inclusion criteria was completed by at least two reviewers. Data relating to key motivations, screening intention and behaviour were extracted, and a thematic analysis of study findings undertaken.ResultsA total of fourteen (14) studies were included in the review. Thematic analysis resulted in identification of three themes from included studies highlighting that decisions about screening were influenced by: knowledge of the benefits and harms of screening and their relationship to age; underlying attitudes to the importance of cancer screening in women's lives; and use of decision aids to improve knowledge and guide decision-making.ConclusionThe results of this review provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding the motivations and screening behaviour of older women about breast cancer screening which may inform policy development.

Breast Tomographic Ultrasound: The Spectrum from Current Dense Breast Cancer Screenings to Future Theranostic Treatments.

This review provides unique insights to the scientific scope and clinical visions of the inventors and pioneers of the SoftVue breast tomographic ultrasound (BTUS). Their >20-year collaboration produced extensive basic research and technology developments, culminating in SoftVue, which recently received the Food and Drug Administration's approval as an adjunct to breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts. SoftVue's multi-center trial confirmed the diagnostic goals of the tissue characterization and localization of quantitative acoustic tissue differences in 2D and 3D coronal image sequences. SoftVue mass characterizations are also reviewed within the standard cancer risk categories of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System. As a quantitative diagnostic modality, SoftVue can also function as a cost-effective platform for artificial intelligence-assisted breast cancer identification. Finally, SoftVue's quantitative acoustic maps facilitate noninvasive temperature monitoring and a unique form of time-reversed, focused US in a single theranostic device that actually focuses acoustic energy better within the highly scattering breast tissues, allowing for localized hyperthermia, drug delivery, and/or ablation. Women also prefer the comfort of SoftVue over mammograms and will continue to seek out less-invasive breast care, from diagnosis to treatment.

Implementing supplementary breast cancer screening in women with dense breasts: Insights from European radiographers and radiologists

IntroductionIn response to the critical need for enhancing breast cancer screening for women with dense breasts, this study explored the understanding of challenges and requirements for implementing supplementary breast cancer screening for such women among clinical radiographers and radiologists in Europe. MethodFourteen (14) semi-structured online interviews were conducted with European clinical radiologists (n = 5) and radiographers (n = 9) specializing in breast cancer screening from 8 different countries: Denmark, Finland, Greece, Italy, Malta, the Netherlands, Switzerland, United Kingdom. The interview schedule comprised questions regarding professional background and demographics and 13 key questions divided into six subgroups, namely Supplementary Imaging, Training, Resources and Guidelines, Challenges, Implementing supplementary screening and Women's Perspective. Data analysis followed the six phases of reflexive thematic analysis. ResultsSix significant themes emerged from the data analysis: Understanding and experiences of supplementary imaging for women with dense breasts; Challenges and requirements related to training among clinical radiographers and radiologists; Awareness among radiographers and radiologists of guidelines on imaging women with dense breasts; Challenges to implement supplementary screening; Predictors of Implementing Supplementary screening; Views of radiologists and radiographers on women's perception towards supplementary screening. ConclusionThe interviews with radiographers and radiologists provided valuable insights into the challenges and potential strategies for implementing supplementary breast cancer screening. These challenges included patient and staff related challenges. Implementing multifaceted solutions such as Artificial Intelligence integration, specialized training and resource investment can address these challenges and promote the successful implementation of supplementary screening. Further research and collaboration are needed to refine and implement these strategies effectively. Implications for practiceThis study highlights the urgent need for specialized training programs and dedicated resources to enhance supplementary breast cancer screening for women with dense breasts in Europe. These resources include advanced imaging technologies, such as MRI or ultrasound, and specialized software for image analysis. Moreover, further research is imperative to refine screening protocols and evaluate their efficacy and cost-effectiveness, based on the findings of this study.

THE INFLUENCE OF DIABETES-ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ONCOGENESIS ON THE RISK OF BREAST AND ENDOMETRIAL CANCER AND ON THE SURVIVAL OF WOMEN WITH THIS CANCER

Introduction. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) have an increased risk of cancer of different localizations. Identification and correction of diabetes-associated factors of oncogenesis can be important in cancer prevention.&#x0D; The aim of the study. To investigate the influence of diabetes-associated factors of oncogenesis on the formation of the risk of breast cancer (BC) and endometrial cancer (EC), as well as on the survival of women with the indicated localization of cancer, and to develop a method of calculating the predicted risk of BC and EC in women with T2D.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study includes the results of a retrospective epidemiological analysis of cancer cases in patients, residents of Ivano-Frankivsk region with T2D during 2012-2016, with an analysis of 5-year survival of patients. Statistical processing of the results was conducted using STATISTIKA-12 (StatSoft Inc., USA). The impact of the pathogenetic factors of T2D on the development of BC and EC was evaluated through multifactorial analysis and ROC-analysis in the Medcalc v.19.1.6 program. The coefficient of predicted cancer risk was determined using mathematical modelling and a logistic regression equation. Kaplan-Meier cumulative survival analysis and Cox-Mantel Test were used to assess patient survival.&#x0D; Results. BC and EC were most often diagnosed in women of postmenopausal age, with obesity, with a duration of T2D &gt; 5 years, on combined antidiabetic therapy. Among women with BC, who take secretagogues 67% had obesity and 24% were overweight, with EC – 54% and 27% respectively. A new method to calculate the predicted risk of BC and EC (Y) in women with T2D has been introduced. The accuracy of the mathematical model for calculating the Y index is 76.24%. It was proved that coefficient Y increases in women with obesity (p&lt;0.001), duration of T2D &gt; 5 years (p&lt;0.001), on combined therapy with non-secretagogues and secretagogues (p&lt;0.05). It was found that T2D increases the risk of death within 1 year in women with both types of cancer (p&lt;0.05). A worse 5-year survival rate was found in women with EC stage I treated with drugs that increase blood insulin levels (p&lt;0.05), as well as in women with EC stage II with HbA1c &gt; 8.0% (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusions. Obesity, duration of diabetes &gt; 5 years, and use of secretagogues in obesity increase the risk of breast and endometrial cancer in women with T2D. The use of antidiabetic drugs that contribute to iatrogenic hyperinsulinemia may negatively affect survival in obese women with breast and endometrial cancer, both by increasing the risk of cardiovascular events and by hyperactivating insulin signaling. Decompensation of diabetes reduces the 5-year survival of patients with breast cancer and endometrial cancer. Detection of a predicted high-grade cancer risk (p = 0.7-1.0) may be an indication for correction of factors of oncogenesis and cancer screening in women with T2D.

IJCM_156A: A Cross-sectional study on the Prevalence of Risk Factors of Breast Cancer and Awareness of Breast Cancer Screening in Women of age group 30 to 70 years in Karamadai Block of Coimbatore Health Unit District

Background: Breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women globally, recorded over 2.26 million new cases and almost 685,000 deaths in the same year. Evidence indicates breast cancer risk links to both modifiable and non-modifiable lifestyle factors. Promoting education and access to screening programs is crucial for early detection and intervention in breast cancer. This approach ultimately enhances the effectiveness of prevention efforts and reduces complications and mortality of breast cancer. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of breast cancer and to assess the awareness of breast cancer screening in women of age group 30-70 years in Karamadai Block of Coimbatore Health Unit District. Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted among 150 women in Coimbatore using a semi-structured questionnaire and statistical analysis was done using SPSS 21 version. Results: Out of 150 participants, the mean age of subjects was 50 ± 11 years, with 98% being married women. The prevalence of modifiable and non- modifiable risk factors of breast cancer were found to be 61% and 9% respectively. 54% were aware of government facility-based breast cancer screening. But only 25% had undergone screening for breast cancer. Individuals who underwent breast cancer screening in the last one year found to be aware of breast cancer screening compared to those who did not. (OR 2.5, 95% CI 2.02-3.18). Conclusion: Awareness and screening for breast cancer are low among the study participants. Women =30 years of age attending all outpatient departments in any health facility should be educated regarding the importance of screening of breast cancer.

Prediction of cervical cancer screening: application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model

IntroductionScreening is an effective method for preventing cervical cancer. The present study aimed to determine the predictability of cervical cancer screening using the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, as this model can help understand the factors that influence health-related behaviors.MethodThe present cross-sectional study examined 310 women aged 20 to 60 in Isfahan, Iran, between 2020 and 2021. To this end, comprehensive health centers and gynecology clinics of hospitals were randomly selected by lot. Women who met the study’s inclusion criteria were selected via convenience sampling. An IMB skills questionnaire developed by researchers comprised the data collection tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software, descriptive and regression tests, and AMOS 24.0 software.FindingsApproximately 18.1% of the participants had never undergone routine cervical cancer screening. The regression model results indicated that the model components accurately predicted regular cervical cancer screening (P < 0.00). Path analysis revealed that information (β = 0.05, P = 0.002), motivation (β = 0.187, P = 0.026), and behavioral skills (β = 0.95, P < 0.001) were directly associated with regular cervical cancer screening. Furthermore, behavioral skills had the greatest direct effect on regular cervical cancer screening.Discussion and conclusionThe results demonstrated that the IMB model accurately predicted cervical cancer screening. Therefore, it is possible to improve cervical cancer screening in women by designing and implementing interventions based on this model’s components, particularly those that improve behavioral skills.

Mammography followed by ultrasonography compared to mammography alone for breast cancer screening in women at average risk of breast cancer (Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review)

Mammography followed by ultrasonography compared to mammography alone for breast cancer screening in women at average risk of breast cancer (Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review)

Rhode Island (RI) Women's Breast Cancer Mammography Use Prior to and After Cancer Diagnosis: Linkage of RI Cancer Registry Data With RI All-Payer Claims Database.

A limitation of the central cancer registries to examine associations between mammography use and cancer diagnosis is their lack of cancer screening history. To fill this measurement gap, Rhode Island Cancer Registry (RICR) breast cancer (BC) records were linked to Rhode Island-all-payer claims database (RI-APCD) to study Rhode Island (RI) women's regular mammography use and identify its predictors. From the linked 2011-2019 data, we identified 4 study cohorts: (1) women who ever received mammography by Women's Cancer Screening Program (WCSP) and were diagnosed with BC ("WCSP-BC" cohort: n = 149), (2) women diagnosed with BC outside of WCSP (BC-control cohort: n = 4304), (3) women with a history of mammography use at WCSP but no BC diagnosis (n = 6513), and (4) general RI women with no BC diagnosis (n = 15 121). Logistic regressions were conducted to identify predictors of regular mammography use. The linkage for RI-APCD and RICR for our study had a high matching rate of 82%. Mammography use prior to BC diagnosis was not different between the WCSP-BC cohort and the BC-control cohort (58% vs 57%). Women in the BC-control cohort who had mammography in 2 years prior to their cancer diagnosis were more likely of being diagnosed at an early-stage disease. Among BC-control group, women with no anxiety/depression or with no preventive examinations were less likely of regular mammography use. Among women with no BC, a lower proportion of women with a history of screening at WCSP had regular mammography use, compared with the general RI women (38% vs 66%). RI-APCD data linkage with RICR provides excellent opportunities to examine regular mammography use among RI women and compare their outcomes to the general women population in the state. We identified opportunities for improving their mammography use. A measurement gap in the central cancer registries can be effectively reduced by utilizing statewide claims database.