Emancipation Of Women Research Articles

Review of Literature and Research Plan on the Emancipation of Political Rights for Women within the Modern Democratic Regime in India

Purpose: To understand the women’s position and status in our nation. Empowerment or emancipation of women in India is still at a slow pace. Hence to know the reasons behind it. Comparatively, in modern times women are progressing in all fields, especially in the economic arena along with the possession of higher education. However, still, it is seen that in the political arena, women lag due to varied reasons. So the literature review specifically highlights the political involvement of womenfolk in India to know the reasons for all of these. More importantly, to find the appropriate path towards the emancipation/empowerment of women politically. Research Design: The study uses descriptive and analytical research designs with the utmost knowledge base from various secondary electronic data sources referred to as Google Scholar, academia, and many more from reputed peer-reviewed international journals. Result/Outcome/Findings of the Study: The paper showcases the relevant aspects of women in India with women's empowerment. Gradually the article moves towards the political participation of women in India which is very low due to varied reasons. The findings highlight the reasons for the low political participation of women. Moreover, the study comes out with the suggestions for empowerment of women politically. To happen this various institutional and procedural institutions of our nation must work towards it to bring it effectively. Originality/Value: The paper is relevant for all those scholars who work on gender issues or equity since the document is original in its content based on various surveys of literature related to women in India and around the world. Moreover, the suggestions prescribed related to the topic matter are highly prescriptive and analytical which is lucid in their nature for the real empowerment or emancipation of women in India with specific relevance to the political sphere. Paper type: Literature review based on various electronic databases of international and national journals of gender issues/equity.

ОБРАЗЫ ВОСТОКА В СОВЕТСКОМ ФАРФОРЕ 1920-Х – 1940-Х ГОДОВ: ПОЛИТИКА И ЭСТЕТИКА

In the article, the researcher revealed the specificity of images of the Orient interpretation in the Soviet porcelain of the 1920s – 1940s within the framework of the political propaganda theme. Porcelain artists responded to significant contemporary events related to the Orient. In addition, they created works on common to Soviet art topics such as work and leisure, motherhood and childhood, the emancipation of women accenting national features. In aesthetic terms, the interpretation of the “Oriental theme” was transformed within the framework of the general line of the Soviet porcelain style evolution: from the “imaginary East” pictures in the spirit of Orientalism to more realistic compositions. The international art deco style consistently manifesting itself in the porcelain sculpture of the 1920s and 1930s had particular importance to the Orient theme treatment.

Work Motivation Women Entrepreneurs in Islamic Economic Perspective

Population growth which continues to increase every year will cause many problems, one of which is the lack of job opportunities, as a result the number of unemployed is increasing which has an impact on economic conditions in Indonesia. Therefore, economic development will be more successful if it is supported by entrepreneurs who can create job opportunities. Entrepreneurship is not only dominated by men but also the emancipation of women. Women who choose to become entrepreneurs certainly have their own reasons why they made the decision to become entrepreneurs. This research aims to determine the background that motivates women to engage in entrepreneurial activities and to determine the Islamic economic perspective related to the work motivation of entrepreneurial women in the Simpang Kandis area, Sumber Jaya Village, Kampung Melayu District, Bengkulu City. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach using field research. The research results show that women's work motivation in entrepreneurship in Simpang Kandis is caused by several factors, including economic needs, encouragement from the family, and available market potential. In an Islamic economic perspective, women are permitted to engage in entrepreneurship outside the home, but this must be accompanied by permission or blessing from their husband or parents. Apart from that, they are also expected not to neglect their household duties and become entrepreneurs with the aim of meeting their daily needs. However, this research also shows that women involved in entrepreneurship have not fully implemented the values recommended by Islam. Even though they have good intentions, piety in their work, and sincerity in their work, they are not yet fully transparent in selling their products to consumers regarding the quality of their merchandise. Apart from that, a friendly attitude towards buyers is also lacking. This research indicates that there is potential to increase the suitability of women's entrepreneurial practices with Islamic values in the Simpang Kandis area. However, further efforts are needed to improve the understanding and implementation of these values in their entrepreneurial practices.

VISUALIZING WOMEN STEREOTYPES: A DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE FILM 'THE GREAT INDIAN KITCHEN'

Films have consistently served as a narrative medium reflecting the discourses of male patriarchy in society throughout the ages. In particular, a significant portion of Indian cinema perpetuates male- centric stereotypes, depicting women as the weaker sex—an inaccurate representation of reality. Joe Baby's Malayalam film, 'The Great Indian Kitchen,' meticulously replicates prevalent customs dictating women's roles and explores various aspects of women's emancipation. The film delves into the frustration and discontent experienced by a married woman, highlighting her struggle to conform to the traditional patriarchal roles of being a wife and daughter-in-law. By the film's conclusion, it unravels her journey as she breaks free from the confines of this stereotypical system.This paper aims to focus on the deconstruction of women stereotypes ingrained in our society, with a specific examination of how 'The Great Indian Kitchen,' directed by Joe Baby, portrays and challenges these beliefs within the context of typical Indian societal norms. Employing a discourse analysis method, the film is scrutinized to derive meaningful findings.

নারীবাদ : একটি তাত্ত্বিক বিশ্লেষণ

Feminism is a range of socio-political movements and ideologies that aim to define and establish the political, economic, personal and social equality of the sexes. The word `Feminism’ originated in the nineteenth century Europe. At the very beginning, the concept of feminism has developed in Pythagorean society in ancient Greece and it introduced by women. In seventeenth century, Feminist ideology enhanced through French women writers. Women awakening in the western society has influenced by Industrial revolution of eighteenth century and American Independence movement. Many scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical and societal changes for women’s rights. Feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on women’s rights, some argue for the inclusion of men’s liberation within its aims, because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional gender roles. Simultaneously, Feminist theory which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women’s social roles and lived experiences. The fundamental objective of feminism is the emancipation of women. To achieve this goal there is a great deal of theoretical differences among feminists due to purpose and way out. Some principal theories are such as Liberal feminism, Radical feminism, Marxist feminism, Socialist feminism, Existential feminism, Cultural feminism, Eco-feminism, Post-modern feminism and soon.

Critical Study of Sharia Regional Regulations on Women's Emancipation

Sharia regional norms include Islam's dominant status, the principle of regional autonomy, and the Constitution of Indonesia, which served as its foundation. This is because several Sharia regional restrictions, such as the need to wear the headscarf and the ban on curfews for women, are discriminatory against women. This study aims to (1) determine whether or not regional governments have the ability to create Sharia regional laws and (2) identify the legal basis for Sharia regional regulations that do not allow for women's liberation. This study will be evaluated descriptively, using normative research with a statutory approach. Our findings indicate that Article 29 and Article 18 (paragraphs 1 and 2) of the Constitution provide the constitutional basis for the power to create Regional Regulations. Since the indications, constraints, and contents that Sharia regional rules may apply are not defined in the Indonesian legal system, the formulation of regional laws and their application remains controversial. Because of this, women may feel uneasy with the Sharia Regional Regulations. Furthermore, the Ministry has the authority to nullify contracts that violate regional Sharia norms that oppose and do not accommodate women's liberation. To better safeguard women's rights within the framework of Islamic law, the legal scholarship critical of Sharia regional restrictions and women's liberation is crucial. This study can significantly contribute to improving the legal framework and delivering gender equality and social justice by providing a critical analysis of rules and their implementation.

Сімейні конфлікти та шляхи їхнього розв’язання наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХ ст. (за матеріалами преси підросійської України)

The purpose of the research is to analyze the features of coverage on the pages of the press of Sub-Russian Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries family conflicts and the ways of their resolution proposed by the state and the public. The research methodology is based on such general scientific principles as historicism, objectivity, systematicity, as well as on the use of general scientific (analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, classification and typology, comparison and abstraction, generalization and systematization) and special (historical-genetic, historical and comparative, analogy) methods. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time in domestic historical science, coverage of family conflicts by the press at that time is considered; the ways of their solution are focused on; the importance of mass media for the formation of the concept of a new family, free from patriarchal norms, in which separate cohabitation of spouses, premarital sexual relations and divorce is a common phenomenon, is demonstrated. Conclusions. Family conflicts were an everyday phenomenon of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, as evidenced by numerous informative and analytical publications in the press of Sub-Russian Ukraine of that time. Most often, the causes of conflicts were of a romantic nature (jealousy, adultery), often they occurred when one of the spouses was intoxicated, in a state of affect and nervous excitement, and were accompanied by the use of household items (knives, axes) and firearms, chemical and poisonous substances (sulphuric and carbolic acids, arsenic). Physical violence by a man against a woman was a common phenomenon in the Russian Empire during the period of modernization. The reasons for this can be considered the patriarchal system of society; significant influence of the church, which condemned the separate residence of men and women; complexity of the divorce procedure; low level of literacy of people from the poor strata of society; availability of alcohol and weapons. A part of court cases, which were accompanied by the murder of one of the spouses, ended with an acquittal by the jurors. Local press commentators were often on the side of those acquitted by the court, which testifies to the fact that the progress towards achieving gender equality and the emancipation of women, albeit slowly, was taking place, and the patriarchal foundations of society were gradually being destroyed in the direction of democratization. Some saw in this the collapse of the family as a social institution. Probably, we should talk about the natural transformation of the family, which was a natural phenomenon in accordance with the changes in the economy and culture, one of the catalysts of which was the press.

The Role of Armenian Charitable Societies and Educational Centers of Constantinople in Emancipation of Women

The Role of Armenian Charitable Societies and Educational Centers of Constantinople in Emancipation of Women

Gandhi's Mira: Debating “Female” Suffering and the Politics of Iconography

AbstractDuring the first decades of the twentieth century when the Indian freedom struggle movement gained momentum, M. K. Gandhi often evoked Mirabai—the sixteenth-century bhakti poet-saint—in his public speeches and voluminous letters. This article demonstrates the degree to which Gandhi's maneuver fundamentally altered Mirabai's image as a national and cultural symbol, and how it prompted the mobilization of women in the larger nationalist movement. Through the process of appropriation, Mirabai's image evolved in the Indian cultural realm from a woman charged with promiscuity into an ideal “chaste” woman. Gandhi's intervention further initiated a moral renaissance parallel to the nationalist current where women transgressed the thresholds of traditional domesticity and became active agents of non-violent resistance—Hindu/spiritual in essence—inspired by Mirabai's suffering and compositions. Gandhi's Mira emerged as a literary-cultural hybrid that circulated in public spheres, as Mirabai became a public icon and a vehicle for women's emancipation alongside national liberation.

Achieved or Deceived: A Postfeminist Critique on Weldon’sThe Life and Loves of She-Devil

The primary concern of postfeminist literature is the emancipation of modern women from the clutches of patriarchal characters in various literary works. Literary characters adopt multiple strategies to deal with submissive patriarchal practices in literary works. Ruth Patchett, the protagonist of The Life and Loves of a She-Devil by Fay Weldon, decides to transform herself physically and psychologically to avenge her patriarchal husband. This transformation resulted in her success at the end of the novel. The related literature on the novel appreciates Ruth’s transformation from an “ugly duckling” to a she-devil. However, this study explores the negation of Ruth’s self and her subjugation through the patriarchal ideals of femininity. Postfeminist literary theory has been used with the conceptual framework of The Beauty Myth by Naomi Wolf to draw the desired conclusion.

An Analysis of the Impact of Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 on Female Labour Force Participation in India

The financial emancipation of women is crucial for female empowerment and economic growth. Participation of women in the labour force equips them better to combat socio-economic issues while simultaneously boosting economic activity and GDP at the macro level(Buterin et al., 2023). Despite this, even in the 21st century, women's participation in the workforce is less than 47% compared to 72% for men(The Gender Gap in Employment: What’s Holding Women Back?, n.d.). The reasons for this disparity include both demand-side (opportunities for women to work) and supply-side (availability for women to work) factors. This paper explores women's labour force participation in India and the factors influencing it. It evaluates the impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 as a demand-side policy intervention to improve women’s labour market participation using secondary data. The results of this research indicate that the policy has helped improve the income, employment and decision-making power of women. Yet, the research indicates that the programme faces several structural constraints in providing employment and fails to address the long-term supply-side issue of low female labour market participation.

THE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS ‘INFLATION’ IN THE CONTEXT OF EVOLVING INTERNATIONAL REGIME OF WOMEN’S RIGHTS

Without a doubt, the concern about ‘human rights inflation’ reflects the modern world’s increasing ambition, breadth and complexity in developing the human rights regime. This rapidly expanding catalogue of rights has generated discussion about human rights proliferation, devaluation and too vast interpretation. Consequently, some critics perceive new generations of human rights as less relevant, which ultimately is supposed to alter their purpose, legitimacy, and effectiveness. This article seeks to disentangle the inflation objection from other concerns about rights expansionism and to critically assess it. Therefore, it will both analyze the phenomenon of rights inflation as well as evaluate its scope of implication based on the progressive development of women’s rights in the domain of gender-based violence and conflict-related sexual violence. The article will also analyze examples of possible regresses of women’s rights in the topic of reproductive rights based on constitutional court decisions in the United States and Poland. To underline only a few examples, the most striking ones will be presented and they will relate to (i) the evolution of women’s rights invigorated by the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the interpretation of its provisions by the CEDAW Committee, (ii) the recognition of the crime of sexual violence in armed conflicts as well as a more accurate definition of the crime of rape and lastly (iii) the exponential progress of second generation rights, which include social, economic and political emancipation of women. The article will reach its conclusion by explaining the importance of generating a sense of closure in human rights interpretation through drawing strict boundaries around the corpus of ‘proper’ human rights without entitling to a suspicion of claims of too far-reaching cultural and political transformations within societal structure. Instead of calling it human rights devaluation, the author argues that it should be perceived as human rights evolution, which encompasses both a constant adjustment and reinterpretation of rights according to the rapidly changing world as well as the way people understand it.

Investigating the role of Kavitha Rao’s “Lady Doctors…” in Historiography of Women Emancipation in India

Kavitha Rao’s recently published work titled “Lady Doctors: The Untold Stories of India’s First Women in Medicine”, published in 2021, is a compilation of the stories of six women from 19-20 centuries who became the first practicing doctors in India. The aim of this research is to analyze this book in the context of women’s emancipation history in India. To achieve this goal, a historical criticism approach is utilized to interpret Kavitha Rao’s work, identifying its role in the historiography of Indian women’s emancipation in the medical sphere. The results show that Kavitha Rao’s work provides informative and reliable storytelling about Indian women emancipation in the 19-20 century for common readers; however, the investigated book cannot be considered a source for academic research in social studies. The theoretical significance of this paper lies in mixing the scope of Western medical history and women’s emancipation in history in India. Practical novelty comprises a cultural-historical analysis of the “Lady Doctors: The Untold Stories of India’s First Women in Medicine” book, which can be used by future researchers of Kavith Rao’s works. Future researchers can extend their material background by including other books about women’s emancipation in India during 19-20 centuries in order to provide a more comprehensive investigation.

MUSLIM WOMEN AND AGENCY: CHANGING RELIGIOUS PATTERNS A CASE STUDY OF TURKISH AND IRANIAN WOMEN

We investigated the lives of lower-middle-class traditional-religious Muslim Women in the Middle East, with an emphasis on women in Ankara and Tehran. This article seeks to show the opposite aspects of current theories that show the concept of agency is typically useful to the upper middle classes, vice versa submission and obedience are characteristics typically used to describe the lower middle classes. In addition, Studies in the field of religion and women consider the emancipation of women from the structure of patriarchy and the challenge of the beliefs and interpretations of traditional Islam to belong to the upper class and elite of society. The study analyzed 50 women to show maybe their everyday life is silent, hidden, and slow but these women have been able to demonstrate their empowerment with low education and low economy. The results revealed that these women often did not think and act regarding social, cultural, traditional, and religious expectations as passive, and submissive personality but they looked for redistribution of their facilities and opportunities and also gain internal independence while they were conscious of what is going on in their current situation. Furthermore, they have not used religion as a tool to expand their empowerment opportunities, but they have challenged traditional Islam and the interpretations that have tried to suppress them with the help of patriarchy for long years. They have inadvertently opened the space for the entry of religious intellectualism thoughts into their practical everyday life. Indirect opposition to the laws that have a jurisprudential basis has caused women to go beyond the stage of resistance, and this opposition as an intangible struggles has been able to change aspects of their lives, and eventually, it shows a more concrete view of Islam's equality towards women.

Historie alternatywne i steampunk a emancypacja i prawa kobiet. Rozważania wstępne

The article deals with the presence of reflections on emancipation and women’s rights in alternative and steampunk stories. The author points out that in both of the above‑mentioned genres of fantasy literature, these issues are not an overarching theme, despite the fact that criticism and subversive rewriting of past eras from the point of view of the present is inherent in these genres. The analysis shows that anachronically conceived emancipation of women takes place mainly in novels set in historical eras far removed from the present (deep antiquity and, far less frequently, the Middle Ages). Novels closer to contemporaneity, set in the 18th and 19th centuries, generally do not subject emancipation and women’s rights to alternative reflection. This is all the more astonishing if one bears in mind the fact that the 19th century was time of the birth of the feminist and suffragette movements. This reluctance to rework the nineteenth century from the point of view of women’s emancipation is due to the still active cultural memory of the period. The author’s thesis is that the unwillingness to rework the issues of emancipation and women’s rights in an alternative way is related to the still active cultural paradigm, founded, among others, on the Judeo‑Christian tradition. Another reason is the domination of ‘hegemonic masculinity’ in alternative and steampunk, which is a literary, phantasmatic reaction to the dynamic processes of women’s emancipation taking place in the actual world.

The Muslim Women’s Question and the Emancipatory Potential of Nafija Sarajlić’s Literary Work in South Slavic and European Context

The birth of modern identity in the field of literature can be found in the topics elaborated by the first Bosnian Muslim woman writer, Nafija Sarajlić (1893-1970). Set at the onset of World War I, in a cultural milieu in which the values of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian Empires intermingled and confronted each other, these topics represented the growth and functioning of the concept of a woman. A comprehensive and emancipatory discourse and the writer’s awareness have been defined in light of the impact of Europeanization and also as essentially deductive content, reflecting the fluidity between self-preservation and destruction as well as rejection by (traditional) society. The author’s work is read through the prism of its correlation to writers from Serbian and Croatian cultural circles, with whom she shared not only a social experience, but also her vocation (teacher), as well as literary descriptions of the resistance to the emancipatory practices that they promoted. Sarajlić established herself as a writer who, in her biography and prose work, bore witness to the processes that accompanied the rise of the Muslim women’s question. This paper’s focus is on the issue of Muslim women’s education at that time, which was not only a crucial question inside the Muslim community, but also a problem that official Austro-Hungarian policies were supposed to address in Bosnia. To that end, an interpretation of the writer’s intimate experiences, as one of the first formally educated teachers, and her exclusion from her profession, her writing and narrative style, as well as her approach to specific motifs, will be examined with regard to how they underscored the modes and avenues for the emancipation of Muslim woman. Despite traditionalisation and patriarchal and clerical processes, which reasserted themselves in the Muslim community, particularly after World War II, it is crucial to emphasize the tremendous importance of Sarajlić’s work. The latter, for all the reasons noted above, with its text and context, functions as a starting point in the real path towards shaping a model of a modern South-Slavic and European Muslim woman.

In Pursuit of Economic Emancipation

The aim of the paper is to explore the interaction between regulatory provisions governing the status of women, which were part of Croatia’s legal system as it developed in the period of history called the short 19th century (1848-1914). The Austrian General Civil Code, the Hungarian-Croatian Trade Code and Industry Act and the Croatian School Act constitute the backbone of the research. More specifically, the focus is on the provisions that enabled the economic emancipation of women in the context of guaranteed gender equality and access to education. Given the economic circumstances in the period under review, the opportunities as well as the restrictions faced by women in the labour market of the time, our intention is to ascertain whether and if so in what way the Austrian and Hungarian-Croatian acts, accompanied by Croatia’s autonomous legislative framework, influenced the process of transformation of the traditional understanding of the status of women in society.

Women's education in The Perspective of Islamic Philosophy of Education: A Theoretical Analysis of the Essence and Challenges of Emancipation in the Age of Disruption

This research aims to analyze women's education in the perspective of Islamic education philosophy with two focuses of study, namely the essence and challenges of emancipation in the era of disruption. This research uses a qualitative method based on library research. The data analysis used is content analysis. The results revealed that by nature women have a position as a housewife, as a wife, both of which make her a good teacher for herself and her children, and an educator partner for her husband. At the age of children, women's education is oriented towards their growth and development for their basic potential. At the age of adolescence leads to the formation of personality, and at adulthood leads to education for her duties as a mother and shaper of generations. The emancipation of women in the era of disruption in the context of Islamic education philosophy reflects the transformation of the role and rights of women in a changing society. In the framework of Islamic thought, education is the main key to understanding the values of gender equality as contained in Islamic teachings. The process of women's emancipation illustrates the effort to free women from limitations and inequality, with Islamic education as a means to empower them intellectually and spiritually.

Revisiting ‘Iddah: A Critical Analysis of Gender Equality in Indonesian Feminist Islamic Legal Discourse

Feminist legal theory highlights the persistence of women's subordination within the prevailing legal framework and emphasizes the importance of legal mechanisms that promote women's emancipation and equality. So far, the discourse of feminist Islamic law in Indonesia has caused more rejection, particularly with the emergence of the Counter Legal Draf-Kompilasi Hukum Islam (CLD-KHI), which is considered contrary to Islamic law, one of which is in the provisions of 'iddah. This study seeks to examine and analyze the demand for gender equality in the 'iddah period as manifested in the CLD-KHI. Using a qualitative research approach emphasizing library-based research on the draft in question and the supporting writings, this study bases its content analysis on the theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah, with al-Shatibi as the primary source. The results of this study reveal an insufficiency in the justification of the plea for gender equality in the enforcement of 'iddah from the view of Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah. From the conventional perspective of Islamic law, the principle of gender equality as a maqṣad does not have a solid foundation, so it leads to rejection rather than acceptance. Therefore, to bear fruit, any legislative effort in the field of Islamic law must be carefully shaped by methodologies and ethos derived primarily from its tradition.

Cyborgism And Social Enhancement: Shaping A New Rhetoric for Woman’s Participation in Contemporary Society as Represented in William Gibson’s Neuromancer (1984)

In A manifesto for Cyborgs: Science, technology, and socialist feminism in the 1980s (2015), Australian scholar Donna Haraway develops a new feminist philosophy based on the possibilities offered by the cyborg, a cybernetic hybrid organism representing the coupling of organism and the machine, which is turned into an instrument for achieving all human aspirations. Drawing from this vision, we show through the study of Neuromancer (1984) by American writer William Gibson, that the trajectory of Molly Million, Gibson’s female protagonist is consistent to the cybor figure, and as such it is instrumental to the emancipation of contemporary woman’s life.