Organisms In Women Research Articles

Maternal & child health nursing: Care of the childbearing & childrearing family

Although gestation is a physiological phenomenon and its evolution occurs in the majority of cases without intercurrences, there is a small number of pregnant women who, by particular characteristics, have presented a higher probability of unfavorable evolution, both for the fetus and for the mother, constituting the group
 called high-risk pregnant women (1) .
 
 In addition to the pathophysiological aspects, the literature points out the need to consider the psycho-emotional aspects when it comes to a high risk pregnancy, since the insecurities, doubts and fears can be enhanced because it is an event that puts at risk the life of the mother and the newborn(2-3).
 
 At the end of a pregnancy considered to be of high risk, the puerperium - understood as the period of the pregnancy-puerperal cycle, in which the local and systemic changes caused by pregnancy and childbirth in the woman's organism, return to the pre-gravid state(4) - is not always free of risks. Uncertainties about maternal well-being may persist after childbirth and sometimes associated with uncertainties about the child's life. Maternal health status, such as premature rupture of membranes and hypertensive diseases, has a strong association with newborns who need care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)(5).
 
 Feelings such as fear of losing the child, mourning for the loss of normal pregnancy, preoccupations with the family, financial issues and work associated with the need for support in their activities of daily living are part of the daily life of this woman(6). It should be noted that in this study, the term "postpartum risk" is related to the woman who is in a risk condition related to high risk pregnancy and demands postpartum care different from usual, requiring hospitalization in a specialized care unit. When high-risk pregnancy causes the birth of a premature child who demands hospitalization, the woman experiences a spectrum of emotions ranging from boredom to anger. Feelings such as frustration, sadness, hope, irritation, impatience, guilt, fear, insecurity and anxiety are reported by them(2,6) .
 
 Therefore, the hospitalization of the puerpera at risk associated with the hospitalization of their child in the NICU can contribute to an even more challenging experience for the mother and child dyad due to physical and emotional frailty and the distancing of her child.
 
 In the midst of this adverse context, the process of construction of maternity is given away. In response to this situation, the period in which a woman physically recovers, acquires abilities to care for and read the signs of her child,
 strengthens the mother-child relationship, and has as a reference the way of caring for other, more experienced people, it can be potentially challenging(7).
 
 The simultaneous hospitalization of postpartum mother and postpartum child delineate a context of care with specific health needs. It is necessary to consider both the condition of the puerperal woman and her child, who demand differentiated care. Studies have explored the hospitalization of one of the components of the dyad, being incipient to
 address the concurrent hospitalization of mothers and their children soon after birth (6,8-10).
 
 Therefore, it is necessary to explore the situations in which mother and child demand differentiated care after childbirth and birth. It is believed that the findings may indicate the challenges they face, contributing to the qualification of professional practice and organization of health services.

Gestação e exercício físico:recomendações, cuidados e prescrição

Com o avanço do conhecimento científico acerca dos benefícios da prática de exercício físico para a população humana, vem aumentando cada vez o número de praticantes em todas as faixas etárias e populações em diversos estados clínicos ou situações. As atividades físicas vêm sendo amplamente procuradas por indivíduos do sexo feminino como garantia de longevidade, manutenção da saúde e melhora da qualidade de vida. Tais benefícios somente são pronunciados quando a atividade física é realizada de forma regular, contínua e ao longo da vida, portanto é comum mulheres em período gestacional manterem-se ativas para melhor adaptação fisiológica e preparo geral para o parto saudável. A gestação é uma fase de adaptações morfofuncionais e psicoemocionais para a mulher. Dentro da perspectiva científica obteve-se a seguinte pergunta norteadora: Quais as adaptações inerentes ao organismo da mulher grávida e os principais benefícios da atividade física e exercício físico durante este processo? Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi revisar na literatura conceitos sobre a atividade física e condição gestacional. Utilizou-se como método a revisão de literatura narrativa consultando livros e artigos científicos, sintetizando resultados e respondendo perguntas através de leitura exploratória, e finalmente encontrando resultados e validade das conclusões. Foram descritas as adaptações morfofuncionais durante a gestação, os benefícios da atividade física e exercício físico, bem como as principais recomendações e cuidados na prescrição e supervisão de programas de condicionamento físico para mulher que vivencia esta fase da vida.

Comparison of selected body composition parameters in women using DXA and anthropometric method.

Background:An excessive accumulation of the adipose tissue in women's organism is a frequent and important medical problem which should be monitored. The aim of this study was to explore correlations between the selected parameters of body composition assessed using DXA and anthropometric methods.Materials and Methods:The study group consisted of 50 women aged 51–85. Both adipose mass and fat-free mass were assessed with the DXA method, and the nutritional status of the participants was evaluated with the anthropometric methods.Results:The mean body mass index (BMI) value assessed with the DXA method amounted to 28.4 (±5.12). The Spearman's Rho correlation indicated the presence of a moderate association (0.27–0.50) between: (1) right arm lean and the circumference of the arm (P = 0.020), forearm (P = 0.011), and transverse cross-section of the arm (P = 0.020), (2) right leg fat and circumference of the thigh (P = 0.003), shin (P = 0.009), and also the musculature index of the lower extremity (P = 0.034), (3) visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass and BMI (P = 0.050), Waist to HeightRatio (WtHR) (P = 0.031), (4) Android fat and WHtR (P = 0.044), and (5) gynoid fat and Škerlj index (P = 0.025).Conclusion:The selected parameters assessed with DXA were significantly correlated with the selected parameters assessed with anthropometric methods. WHtR anthropometric parameter is significantly correlated with DXA parameters: VAT mass, gynoid region % fat and android region % fat.

ХРОНОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ НАРУШЕНИЙ СНА У ЖЕНЩИН КЛИМАКТЕРИЧЕСКОГО ПЕРИОДА: РОЛЬ МЕЛАТОНИНА (ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ)

The aim of this review is analyze the literature data on the role of the circadian system key element - melatonin in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle in menopausal women. It is shown that the melatonin level defined in a variety of biological fluids (blood, saliva, urine) depends on age, sex, race, and chronotype. It is detected that morning melatonin can be used as a biological marker for determining human chronotype. Most studies indicate that melatonin decreases with age, and that in women this hormone level is lower than in men. For sleep disorders, lower values of melatonin are revealed, although the results of the studies are ambiguous. Also, the studies show the shift of hormone secretion peaks in the early morning hours. The dependence of circadian rhythm of melatonin secretion on the climacteric phase has been revealed. This determines different approaches to the therapy of sleep disorders. It is extremely important to study the role of melatonin as an adaptogen of the female reproductive system because climacteric syndrome is the realization of a violation of the adaptation of the woman's organism in conditions requiring increased activity of the adaptive system of the body and sleep disorders are common in menopausal women.

Drug therapy in the treatment of endometriosis

Clinical studies of medicine-based and surgical methods for the treatment of endometriosis are described. Although endometriosis was described as early as in the XIX century, the causes for its emergence and spread have not been fully investigated. Also, many questions regarding methods of treatment remain far from being solved. Due to the chronic and often relapsing nature of the disease, Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) has concluded the following: "endometriosis should be viewed as a chronic disease that requires a lifelong management plan with the goal of maximizing the use of medical treatment and avoiding repeated surgical procedures." Thus, treatment of endometriosis should not only be comprehensive but also adapted to the specifics of each woman's organism.

ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ ПАТОГЕНЕЗУ РОЗЛАДІВ МЕНСТРУАЛЬНОЇ ФУНКЦІЇ ПРИ ХРОНІЧНИХ ГЕПАТИТАХ (ХГ).

<p> Проблема розладів менструальної функції впродовж тривалого часу турбує науковий світ. Розлади менструальної функції часто зустрічаються у жінок з екстрагенітальними захворюваннями, тому нас зацікавило поглиблене вивчення ланок патогенезу цієї патології. В наш час значною мірою зростає захворюваність на хронічні гепатити (ХГ). Оскільки печінка відіграє визначальну роль у метаболізмі гормонів в організмі жінки, вивчення їх рівня при вказаній патології видається дуже важливим. Нами проведена експериментальна частина роботи, а саме: змодельований токсичний гепатит у статевозрілих самиць білих щурів, вивчені результати морфологічних змін у<br />гіпофізі, яєчниках, матці, печінці, а також результати гормональних та біохімічних досліджень у піддослідних тварин. Вивчені результати клінічних, ехографічних, ендокринологічних, імунологічних досліджень у жінок з<br />розладами менструальної функції на тлі ХГ. Обстежено 68 жінок репродуктивного віку з розладами менструальної функції, які хворіють на хронічні гепатити.<br /><br /></p>

Sexual intercourse with leukocytospermic men may be a possible booster of oxidative stress in female partners of infertile couples

Human semen has undoubtedly significant influence on the organism of the female counterpart. At the same time there are no studies in English literature investigating the influence of sexual intercourse on oxidative stress level in women's organism. Seventeen infertile couples where male partners were with (n=5) or without (n=12) leukocytospermia were enrolled in the study. Systemic oxidative stress levels were measured, whereby twice in female partners - before and 8-12h after sexual intercourse. The men with leukocytospermia were characterized by oxidative stress that was substantially transferred to their partners during sexual intercourse as revealed by increase in 8-isoprostanes level (median 32.7 vs. 70.4ng/mmol creatinine, p=0.006). Sexual intercourse with male partner having leukocytospermia increases the oxidative stress level in the women's organism that may interfere with fertilization.

Allopregnanolone in women with premenstrual syndrome.

5Alpha-reduced metabolites of progesterone, especially 3alpha-hydroxy-5alpha-pregnan-20-one (allopregnanolone) are now listed to neurosteroids. Their anesthetic properties can be explained by their allosteric interaction with GABA(A) receptors. A woman's organism is provided with an abundance of progesterone during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and its level falls down sharply with the first day of menses. The level of allopregnanolone follows that of progesterone. Many women suffer from so called premenstrual syndrome (PMS) during the luteal phase. In this study we have determined allopregnanolone and progesterone levels and their ratios in order to assess the over-all activity of C21-steroid 5alpha-reductase in these patients and in controls. Significantly lower levels of both progesterone and allopregnanolone than in controls have been found in PMS patients in the follicular phase only.

Actinomyces-Like Organisms in Women Using Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCD)

Actinomyces-Like Organisms in Women Using Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (IUCD)

Experience in the saliva of pregnant women

The impact of pregnancy on the oral organs has long been known. In particular, dental caries lesions and worsening of pre-existing caries in pregnant women can be considered a well-established fact. The frequency of dental caries and other dental diseases in pregnant women, attracting the attention of dentists, has led to the creation of a number of theories. These theories ascribed great importance to the increase of acid formation in the pregnant woman's organism and especially readily many researchers ascribe the development of dental caries in pregnant women to the acid reaction of saliva, which is thought to be characteristic of pregnant women.