Interests Of Women Research Articles

Research on the reasons and countermeasures of the cold Three-child policy Based on the female perspective

From the perspective of women, this study analyzes the reasons for the difficulties in implementing the three-child policy in China, and explores the factors hindering the smooth implementation of the three-child policy through literature research, questionnaire survey, case analysis and other methods. These factors are mainly divided into economic, social and cultural policies Based on the above five factors, this paper proposes feasible countermeasures that take into account women's rights and interests and the benign implementation of the three-child policy, which is conducive to deepening the understanding of the three-child policy and has theoretical and practical significance.

FEMINISM PORTRAYED IN THE MAIN CHARACTER OF MOVIE MALEFICENT 2 MISTRESS OF EVIL

Abstract
 Feminism is manifested worldwide and it is represented by various institutions committed to activity on behalf of women's rights and interests. This study used maleficent 2 mistress of evil movie by Robert Stromberg. In this movie there is nine main character there are Maleficent, Aurora, Prince Phillip, Diaval, Queen Ingrith, King John, Conall, and Borra. This study has two aims: (1) to identify the types of feminism depicted in the movie through the main characters, and (2) to analyze how the characters died fighting for their rights. The study was based on Tong's (1998) theory, and the data has been collected by watching the movie repeatedly. To observe the main characters' conversation, a descriptive study and textual analysis have been used. According to the findings of this study, liberal feminism is the most often portrayed type of feminism. The main characters in the story struggled to gain independence and their rights. Maleficent and Aurora were successful in uniting two kingdoms and bringing the moors and people together in peace and happiness. This study used the documentation method to collect the data and the method used in analyzing data was qualitative.
 

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG ANTENATAL CARE TERHADAP KUNJUNGAN KEMBALI MINAT IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I DI PUSKESMAS TAPEN JOMBANG

Pregnancy is something that every married couple looks forward to, especially newly married couples. The government's efforts in tackling the maternal mortality rate are by focusing on the availability of maternal health services in the community. Knowledge of ANC is very important for pregnant women's interest in doing examinations. The sample in this study was all pregnant women who had at least made ANC visits in the Tapen health center area. The sampling technique used in this study is total sampling, namely the sampling technique taken from the entire population. Then analyze the data using the Chi-Square test. Based on the Independent Chi-Square test, the results were significant 0.01 < 0.05. It can be said that there is a relationship between knowledge about antenatal care and revisit interest in the first trimester of pregnant women at the Tapen Jombang Health Center.

Counterfeit diversity: How strategically misrepresenting gender diversity dampens organizations' perceived sincerity and elevates women's identity threat concerns.

Women remain underrepresented in technology and computing fields. Aware of this problem, many tech organizations seek diversification strategies. Several academic sources recommend including gender diverse images in recruitment materials as a low-cost way to potentially attract female workers. However, for gender nondiverse organizations, this strategy means misrepresenting the current on-the-ground diversity of their organization. Four experiments investigate how women and men perceive organizations that counterfeit diversity (i.e., exaggerate gender diversity in recruitment advertisements) relative to organizations that (a) authentically portray a high degree of gender diversity (authentic diversity; Experiments 1-3); (b) authentically portray a low degree of gender diversity (authentic nondiversity; Experiments 2 and 3); and (c) acknowledge a lack of diversity in the present, but aspire to increase diversity in the future (aspirational diversity; Experiment 3). Results reveal that women and men perceive counterfeit diversity as insincere. This perceived insincerity, in turn, decreases women's and men's interest in the organization and engenders identity threat concerns among women (Experiments 1-4). Taken together, these findings complicate scholarly discussions of diversity and inclusion strategies by highlighting the role of perceived sincerity. When recruitment strategies are deemed insincere, these strategies can backfire-decreasing interest in the organization, fomenting threat, and perpetuating underrepresentation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

EMPOWERING FORMER FEMALE MIGRANT WORKERS TOWARDS PRODUCTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BASED ON SELF-GOVERNANCE

This research aims to examine and analyze empirical models and ideals of cultural, economic, political democratization in an integrated and sustainable manner in concrete efforts related to the empowerment of ex-migrant workers based on a self-governance perspective. This type of research is a case study with a qualitative approach in Arjowilangun Village, Kalipare District, Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. This study found that the empirical empowerment model is still not fully in line with the self-governance theory model, but the desmigration program that has been running is quite innovative and ideal which can create business opportunities for women, which will suppress women's interest in working abroad. If the desmigration program can be managed properly, it will become a sustainable productive business supported by the government. The benefit of this research is that it can assess the accuracy and relevance of the self-governance model to support community economic empowerment. Referring to the existing reality as well as the novelty of the results of this field research, especially in the form of an empirical model of empowerment, it is still not fully aligned with the theoretical model of self-government. Empowerment has not shown the expected results. In particular, the marketing of productive economic business results has not developed optimally and sustainably from time to time. This is reflected in the business product market which is still limited to the local market. Therefore, in the future, it is urgent to take more strategic actions. Starting from upgrading new machine facilities for small but automatic drainers, various functional technical training was held, as well as empowering ex-female migrant productive businesses to be more 'partner-based'. Especially the partnership between ex-female migrants and 'related local entrepreneurs' which is considered successful in building product marketing networks to other regions.

Recollections of How the Child Marriage Field Has Evolved

Recollections of How the Child Marriage Field Has Evolved

The relationship between infidelity risk and oral sex: An independent replication of and

In two studies, Pham and Shackelford (2013) and Pham et al. (2013) analyzed the relations between oral sexual behavior and partner infidelity risk in heterosexual couples. They found that indicators of partners' risk of infidelity were significantly associated with men's, but not women's interest in, and time spent performing oral sex after controlling for relationship length, relationship satisfaction and duration of sexual intercourse. We conducted a preregistered close replication of the methods and analyses of these studies using two distinct samples. In both samples, partner infidelity risk was not significantly associated with greater interest in and duration of oral sex for men or for women. The associations between infidelity risk and oral sexual behaviors were not significantly different between men and women, consistent with the original research. Exploratory analyses showed participants who suspected their partners of being unfaithful had significantly lower scores on the partner infidelity risk measure than those who did not hold those suspicions in Sample 1, while no significant difference emerged in Sample 2. These findings challenge the validity of the original partner infidelity risk measure. Overall, the current study offers contradictory evidence for the proposed evolutionary explanation for the adaption of oral sexual behaviors in humans.

Rethinking the Debate over Motherhood Protection During the Taisho Period

Motherhood protection means that the government provides protective measures to help mothers during pregnancy and childbirth. During Taisho period, there was a heated discussion over motherhood protection among feminists. The leading feminists in this discussion, Hiratsuka Raicho and Yosano Akiko, held totally opposed ideas towards motherhood protection. It is worth noting that the differences in their views are mainly due to their different life experiences. This heated debate lasted for several years, although it did not reach a concrete conclusion, it left a valuable legacy for later generations of feminists. Analyzing the reasons for their different attitudes and exploring the theoretical logic behind their different attitudes can provide lessons for solving the problems of low fertility and motherhood protection in Japan and the world today. To truly protect women's interest and promote gender equality, motherhood protection should focuses more on the plight of women due to childbirth than national interest, making becoming a mother no longer be an obstacle to women's self-achievement and personal independence.

Гендерні дослідження та їх застосування у державному управлінні

У статті проаналізовано фемінізм, гендерні дослідження та їх роль в українському суспільстві. Розглянуто розвиток гендерних студій в Україні, формування образу жінки в суспільній свідомості, місце гендерної проблематики в теорії і практиці державного управління в Україні, підвищення його гуманітарної складової через залучення гендерного компоненту до гуманітарної парадигми. Зроблено декілька зауважень про патріархальну ідеологію в Україні та світі. Досліджено становлення гендерних стереотипів та спроби їх подолання шляхом активізації діяльності жіночих організацій. Проаналізовано становище жінок і його вплив на розвиток суспільної свідомості і вдосконалення механізмів державного управління. Розглянуто розвиток теорій, які аналізують становище жінок в історичному вимірі.

ARE WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS’ BUSINESS PERFORMANCES INFLUENCED BY FINANCIAL RESOURCES? EMPOWERING WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MALAYSIA THROUGH FINANCIAL RESOURCES POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Entrepreneurship has always been women's interest, and women have risen in the business arena. On the other hand, statistic shows that Malaysian women's participation in entrepreneurship is still minute but vital to Malaysia's economic development, as indicated by previous researchers. Additionally, the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has caused adverse effects on women-owned businesses in Malaysia. This research aims to offer an insight into how financial capital, the amount of capital needed, and personal savings of women entrepreneurs induces business performance among women entrepreneurs in Malaysia. This study used quantitative methods to produce empirical outcomes and substantiations to answer the research questions. A total of 312 women entrepreneurs participated in this study which facilitated the findings and conclusions. The results demonstrated that financial capital, the amount of capital needed, and personal savings were statistically significant for the women entrepreneurs post Covid-19. Additionally, the findings of this research will undoubtedly give confidence to the women entrepreneurs to come out of the Covid-19 shock and operate their business more remarkably as well as continue to progress and enhance their business performance taking into account the significance of financial resources.
 
 JEL: L20; L23
 
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Breast self-examination among older women in Ireland: The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing -TILDA

Abstract Background Regular breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, cost-effective way of early breast cancer detection, particularly for women outside eligible screening age and for interval cancers. Although mammographic screening is the current most effective breast screening tool, the importance of regular BSE and breast awareness may be overlooked. The study aimed to identify socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related factors associated with BSE practice among women in Ireland. Methods This study was conducted using Wave 4 data from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA), which collects health-related information from people aged 50 plus in biennial data collection waves. Those women aged 50-64 (eligible breast screening age in 2016) were selected. Following univariate analysis, logistic regression analysis was performed on selected variables to determine the factors independently associated with BSE practice. Results The prevalence of BSE was 70.7%. There was no significant association found between socio-demographic, lifestyle or health related factors and BSE. On logistic regression analysis, family history of cancer was not found to be associated with increased practice of BSE (Adjusted Odds Ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.79-1.31, p = 0.86). Having attended for mammogram showed a non-significant reduction in the likelihood of doing BSE (Adjusted OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58-1.02, p = 0.07). Conclusions There are few studies on BSE from developed countries and this is the first from Ireland. BSE prevalence was 61%, 22.6% and 46.8% from Canada, United Kingdom and United States respectively, and was considerably lower from Asian and African countries. Women in this study were more educated than the general population counterparts, this might have overestimated BSE prevalence and obscured true associations. While we did not identify significant associations there is a suggestion that attending for mammography reduces women's interest in BSE. Key messages Being ‘Breast Aware’ and BSE are important alongside mammography for early detection of breast cancer. In countries where screening mammography is unavailable, BSE is an important detection tool.

Recognizing the Vulnerable: Perspectives, Attitudes, and Interests of Women With Uterine Factor Infertility Towards Uterus Allotransplantation.

Background: Uterine allotransplantation (UTx) is a novel therapy to allow women with uterine factor infertility (UFI) to bear their own children. To date, over 60 UTx have been performed, resulting in 15 live births. Our study investigates the attitudes, perspectives, and interests of women with UFI towards UTx.Methods: Anonymous questionnaires were distributed electronically to women diagnosed with UFI at Johns Hopkins Hospital between the years 2003 and 2018.Results: Thirty-one women with UFI were identified, resulting in 10 completed surveys. The average age was 31.7 ± 6.31 years, and the average age of diagnosis was 20 years (range 14-31); all 10 surveyed women had congenital UFI. Of note, 80% of women agreed that UTx should be an option for women with UFI, and 90% would consider receiving a UTx. The majority of the nine (90%) women who had previously heard of UTx learned about it from the news (5, 50%). When asked to rank the risks related to UTx in order of personal importance, only two women ranked themselves most important; the other woman ranked fetus and donor as more important. All women had health insurance (70% had private insurance), and 90% believed that UTx should be covered by health insurance.Conclusions: We surveyed women with UFI and found that the majority are willing to have UTx, despite the associated risks of the procedure. Taking into consideration the responses for ranking the importance of risks of the procedure, women with UFI should be considered a vulnerable population, requiring special considerations for UTx informed consents.

Coalition-Based Gender Lobbying: Revisiting Women's Substantive Representation in China's Authoritarian Governance

AbstractWhile research on women's substantive representation in legislatures has proliferated, our knowledge of gender lobbying mechanisms in authoritarian regimes remains limited. Adopting a state-society interaction approach, this article addresses how women's interests are substantively represented in China despite the absence of an electoral mandate and the omnipresence of state power. Drawing on extensive fieldwork, this article maps out the intertwining of key political agents and institutions within and outside the state that mobilize for women's grievances and demands. We find that representation of women's interests in China requires the emergence of a unified societal demand followed by a coalition of state agency allies navigating within legislative, executive, and Party-affiliated institutional bodies. The pursuit of women's interests is also politically bounded and faces strong repression if the lobbying lacks state alliances or the targeted issue is considered “politically sensitive” by the government.

Implementing a Natural Family Planning Program: The Case of The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cagayan De Oro

Implementing a Natural Family Planning Program: The Case of The Metropolitan Archdiocese of Cagayan De Oro

The quest for gender equality: Understanding and measuring gender responsiveness in Colombia's municipal planning

Governments and urban planners still struggle to create a strategy where women's interests are well served (Fainstein & Servon, 2005). In Colombia, a country recognized by its progress on critical aspects of the feminist agenda, mayors hold significant planning power. Using a sample of 248 Colombian cities, this article combines content and regression analysis to understand the factors linked to gender responsiveness. Results indicate that the civic groups and city's demographics are key elements on serving women's interest. This study provides an analysis that can help planners, public administrators, and decision makers not only understand the variables determining gender responsiveness, but also define strategies to reduce gender inequality. It also helps to corroborate and dismiss different assumptions that planners and local governments/public administrators have followed in terms of advancing gender equality.

ANALYSIS OF MERIT SYSTEM IN THE OPEN PROMOTION OF HIGH LEADERSHIP POSITIONS FOR WOMEN IN THE MINISTRY OF HOME AFFAIRS

Law Number 5 of 2014 concerning State Civil Apparatus (ASN) is a manifestation of bureaucratic reform in the civil service sector through the implementation of ASN management based on a merit system, one of which is open selection for High Leadership Position (JPT). However, open selection based on a merit system has not been implemented optimally. The representation of women in the JPT is still less than that of men. Female Civil Servants (PNS) tend to decline when entering JPT Echelon I and II. Moreover, the number of female registrants in the JPT open selection was far less than male registrants. The lack of representation of women in the JPT also shows a glass ceiling in women's career development. This research aims to analyze the application of the merit system in the open promotion of JPT for women and find out the factors that affect the vertical mobility of women in the bureaucracy. This research was conducted at the Ministry of Home Affairs with a postpositivist research approach and qualitative data collection techniques. Primary data was obtained through interviews with informants related to the implementation of open selection and female High-ranking Officials (PPT) at Ministry of Home Affairs, and secondary data was obtained through documents. The results showed that based on the theory of The Best Person for Any Given Job, the filling of JPT at Ministry of Home Affairs had not been fully implemented based on merit criteria because it has not implemented a succession plan. There is also an assumption of political domination because there is a Pelaksana Tugas (Plt) JPT with a term exceeding the applicable provisions. Meanwhile, based on the theory of The Selection Process, differences in administrative requirements were found in the announcement of vacancies at Ministry of Home Affairs with the Regulation of the Minister for Administrative Reform and Bureaucratic Reform (Permenpanrb) Number 15 of 2019 concerning Filling High Leadership Positions in an Open and Competitive in Government Agencies. The track record tracking process is only done through curriculum vitae without tracking the track record to the applicant's place of origin. Monitoring and evaluating PPT performance appraisals are not carried out regularly and continuously but only based on the Employee Performance Target (SKP) document every year. In addition, there are no barriers either from the organization, themselves, or the obstacles of prejudice toward female leaders, which hinder women's career development. However, women's interest in registering for selection tends to less, and there are incomplete supporting facilities for women's productivity.

Women Working in Nonstandard Forms of Employment: Meeting Employee Interests

Purpose: The main aim of this article was to present characteristics of the employment of women working in nonstandard forms of employment in Poland considering employee interests. Design/Methodology/Approach: Based on the narrative literature review, hypotheses and research questions were formulated and the meaning of key categories was clarified. Data for the analysis were derived from quantitative research conducted using the CAWI technique. The survey was conducted on a representative sample of 1,000 working Poles. The analysis of the results was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics and statistical tests to check the correlations between variables. Findings: The research results did not confirm the beneficial effect of nonstandard forms of employment on the labor activation of women. Women do not work in these forms more often than men, but they are more frequently employed involuntarily. The possibility to choose the form of employment is linked to a better meeting of the interests of working women. In the standard forms, women's interests that are satisfied include employment stability, protection and access to social benefits, health services at the employer's expense, good occupational safety and health, training at the employer's expense and assistance during redundancy. In nonstandard forms, these mainly include a good atmosphere and the possibility to influence working time organization. Practical Implications: The results of the research can be used in making the decisions of political character, concerning the applicability and share of particular forms of employment in the labor market. From the perspective of usefulness to employers, important results were obtained concerning the possibilities of choosing the form of employment and meeting specific interests of women. Originality/value: Previous research results have been relatively often based on secondary data from labor markets. A survey questionnaire was used in this project. Original and representative research results were obtained on women's work in nonstandard forms of employment in Poland, taking into account the criteria of voluntariness, type of forms and meeting of employees' interests.

Rethinking Women's Interests: An Inductive and Intersectional Approach to Defining Women's Policy Priorities

Much of the vast literature on the substantive representation of women takes as its point of departure important a priori assumptions about the nature of women as a group. Calling for a rethink of many of those assumptions, a recent body of work recommends an inductive approach to defining women's interests. In line with this view, this article draws on a recently constructed dataset that codes nearly a million Americans' policy priorities over the past 75 years to explore what constitutes women's interests and whether gender differences in priorities cut across partisan and racial divisions. The results suggest there are consistent gender gaps across a large number of policy categories, with women showing particular concern for policy areas traditionally associated with issues of ‘women's interests’. While in many policy areas women were more likely to share policy priorities with other women than with their male counterparts of the same race or partisan background, the results also document considerable heterogeneity among women in various policy areas, which has major policy implications for the representation of women's interests.

Male MPs, electoral vulnerability and the substantive representation of women's interests

AbstractWhat are the political conditions affecting male MPs’ willingness to represent women's interests in parliament? This paper explores the role of electoral vulnerability in this regard and analyzes whether male MPs’ re‐election prospects affect their likelihood of paying attention to women's concerns. Theoretically, we expect that male MPs are not blamed if they do not represent women's interests but can gain additional credit for doing so. Thus, male MPs should be more likely to speak on behalf of women if their electoral vulnerability is high and if they need to win additional votes to be re‐elected. Empirically, the paper analyzes the representation of women's issues in the British House of Commons, by using Early Day Motions tabled preceding the General Elections in 2001, 2005, 2010 and 2015. The results show that male MPs are more likely to represent women's interests when their re‐election is at risk.

Gaming Sexism: Gender and Identity in the Era of Casual Video Games

Gaming Sexism: Gender and Identity in the Era of Casual Video Games